The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, Second Edition
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FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/amd64/amd64/pmap.c

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    1 /*-
    2  * Copyright (c) 1991 Regents of the University of California.
    3  * All rights reserved.
    4  * Copyright (c) 1994 John S. Dyson
    5  * All rights reserved.
    6  * Copyright (c) 1994 David Greenman
    7  * All rights reserved.
    8  * Copyright (c) 2003 Peter Wemm
    9  * All rights reserved.
   10  * Copyright (c) 2005-2010 Alan L. Cox <alc@cs.rice.edu>
   11  * All rights reserved.
   12  *
   13  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
   14  * the Systems Programming Group of the University of Utah Computer
   15  * Science Department and William Jolitz of UUNET Technologies Inc.
   16  *
   17  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   18  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   19  * are met:
   20  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   21  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   22  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   23  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   24  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   25  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
   26  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
   27  *      This product includes software developed by the University of
   28  *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
   29  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
   30  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
   31  *    without specific prior written permission.
   32  *
   33  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
   34  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   35  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   36  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   37  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   38  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   39  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   40  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   41  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
   42  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   43  * SUCH DAMAGE.
   44  *
   45  *      from:   @(#)pmap.c      7.7 (Berkeley)  5/12/91
   46  */
   47 /*-
   48  * Copyright (c) 2003 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
   49  * All rights reserved.
   50  *
   51  * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Jake Burkholder,
   52  * Safeport Network Services, and Network Associates Laboratories, the
   53  * Security Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under
   54  * DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA
   55  * CHATS research program.
   56  *
   57  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   58  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   59  * are met:
   60  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   61  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   62  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   63  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   64  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   65  *
   66  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
   67  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   68  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   69  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   70  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   71  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   72  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   73  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   74  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
   75  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   76  * SUCH DAMAGE.
   77  */
   78 
   79 #define AMD64_NPT_AWARE
   80 
   81 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
   82 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD: releng/10.3/sys/amd64/amd64/pmap.c 287128 2015-08-25 15:14:50Z marcel $");
   83 
   84 /*
   85  *      Manages physical address maps.
   86  *
   87  *      Since the information managed by this module is
   88  *      also stored by the logical address mapping module,
   89  *      this module may throw away valid virtual-to-physical
   90  *      mappings at almost any time.  However, invalidations
   91  *      of virtual-to-physical mappings must be done as
   92  *      requested.
   93  *
   94  *      In order to cope with hardware architectures which
   95  *      make virtual-to-physical map invalidates expensive,
   96  *      this module may delay invalidate or reduced protection
   97  *      operations until such time as they are actually
   98  *      necessary.  This module is given full information as
   99  *      to which processors are currently using which maps,
  100  *      and to when physical maps must be made correct.
  101  */
  102 
  103 #include "opt_pmap.h"
  104 #include "opt_vm.h"
  105 
  106 #include <sys/param.h>
  107 #include <sys/bus.h>
  108 #include <sys/systm.h>
  109 #include <sys/kernel.h>
  110 #include <sys/ktr.h>
  111 #include <sys/lock.h>
  112 #include <sys/malloc.h>
  113 #include <sys/mman.h>
  114 #include <sys/mutex.h>
  115 #include <sys/proc.h>
  116 #include <sys/rwlock.h>
  117 #include <sys/sx.h>
  118 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
  119 #include <sys/sched.h>
  120 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
  121 #include <sys/_unrhdr.h>
  122 #include <sys/smp.h>
  123 
  124 #include <vm/vm.h>
  125 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
  126 #include <vm/vm_kern.h>
  127 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
  128 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
  129 #include <vm/vm_object.h>
  130 #include <vm/vm_extern.h>
  131 #include <vm/vm_pageout.h>
  132 #include <vm/vm_pager.h>
  133 #include <vm/vm_phys.h>
  134 #include <vm/vm_radix.h>
  135 #include <vm/vm_reserv.h>
  136 #include <vm/uma.h>
  137 
  138 #include <machine/intr_machdep.h>
  139 #include <machine/apicvar.h>
  140 #include <machine/cpu.h>
  141 #include <machine/cputypes.h>
  142 #include <machine/md_var.h>
  143 #include <machine/pcb.h>
  144 #include <machine/specialreg.h>
  145 #ifdef SMP
  146 #include <machine/smp.h>
  147 #endif
  148 
  149 static __inline boolean_t
  150 pmap_type_guest(pmap_t pmap)
  151 {
  152 
  153         return ((pmap->pm_type == PT_EPT) || (pmap->pm_type == PT_RVI));
  154 }
  155 
  156 static __inline boolean_t
  157 pmap_emulate_ad_bits(pmap_t pmap)
  158 {
  159 
  160         return ((pmap->pm_flags & PMAP_EMULATE_AD_BITS) != 0);
  161 }
  162 
  163 static __inline pt_entry_t
  164 pmap_valid_bit(pmap_t pmap)
  165 {
  166         pt_entry_t mask;
  167 
  168         switch (pmap->pm_type) {
  169         case PT_X86:
  170         case PT_RVI:
  171                 mask = X86_PG_V;
  172                 break;
  173         case PT_EPT:
  174                 if (pmap_emulate_ad_bits(pmap))
  175                         mask = EPT_PG_EMUL_V;
  176                 else
  177                         mask = EPT_PG_READ;
  178                 break;
  179         default:
  180                 panic("pmap_valid_bit: invalid pm_type %d", pmap->pm_type);
  181         }
  182 
  183         return (mask);
  184 }
  185 
  186 static __inline pt_entry_t
  187 pmap_rw_bit(pmap_t pmap)
  188 {
  189         pt_entry_t mask;
  190 
  191         switch (pmap->pm_type) {
  192         case PT_X86:
  193         case PT_RVI:
  194                 mask = X86_PG_RW;
  195                 break;
  196         case PT_EPT:
  197                 if (pmap_emulate_ad_bits(pmap))
  198                         mask = EPT_PG_EMUL_RW;
  199                 else
  200                         mask = EPT_PG_WRITE;
  201                 break;
  202         default:
  203                 panic("pmap_rw_bit: invalid pm_type %d", pmap->pm_type);
  204         }
  205 
  206         return (mask);
  207 }
  208 
  209 static __inline pt_entry_t
  210 pmap_global_bit(pmap_t pmap)
  211 {
  212         pt_entry_t mask;
  213 
  214         switch (pmap->pm_type) {
  215         case PT_X86:
  216                 mask = X86_PG_G;
  217                 break;
  218         case PT_RVI:
  219         case PT_EPT:
  220                 mask = 0;
  221                 break;
  222         default:
  223                 panic("pmap_global_bit: invalid pm_type %d", pmap->pm_type);
  224         }
  225 
  226         return (mask);
  227 }
  228 
  229 static __inline pt_entry_t
  230 pmap_accessed_bit(pmap_t pmap)
  231 {
  232         pt_entry_t mask;
  233 
  234         switch (pmap->pm_type) {
  235         case PT_X86:
  236         case PT_RVI:
  237                 mask = X86_PG_A;
  238                 break;
  239         case PT_EPT:
  240                 if (pmap_emulate_ad_bits(pmap))
  241                         mask = EPT_PG_READ;
  242                 else
  243                         mask = EPT_PG_A;
  244                 break;
  245         default:
  246                 panic("pmap_accessed_bit: invalid pm_type %d", pmap->pm_type);
  247         }
  248 
  249         return (mask);
  250 }
  251 
  252 static __inline pt_entry_t
  253 pmap_modified_bit(pmap_t pmap)
  254 {
  255         pt_entry_t mask;
  256 
  257         switch (pmap->pm_type) {
  258         case PT_X86:
  259         case PT_RVI:
  260                 mask = X86_PG_M;
  261                 break;
  262         case PT_EPT:
  263                 if (pmap_emulate_ad_bits(pmap))
  264                         mask = EPT_PG_WRITE;
  265                 else
  266                         mask = EPT_PG_M;
  267                 break;
  268         default:
  269                 panic("pmap_modified_bit: invalid pm_type %d", pmap->pm_type);
  270         }
  271 
  272         return (mask);
  273 }
  274 
  275 #if !defined(DIAGNOSTIC)
  276 #ifdef __GNUC_GNU_INLINE__
  277 #define PMAP_INLINE     __attribute__((__gnu_inline__)) inline
  278 #else
  279 #define PMAP_INLINE     extern inline
  280 #endif
  281 #else
  282 #define PMAP_INLINE
  283 #endif
  284 
  285 #ifdef PV_STATS
  286 #define PV_STAT(x)      do { x ; } while (0)
  287 #else
  288 #define PV_STAT(x)      do { } while (0)
  289 #endif
  290 
  291 #define pa_index(pa)    ((pa) >> PDRSHIFT)
  292 #define pa_to_pvh(pa)   (&pv_table[pa_index(pa)])
  293 
  294 #define NPV_LIST_LOCKS  MAXCPU
  295 
  296 #define PHYS_TO_PV_LIST_LOCK(pa)        \
  297                         (&pv_list_locks[pa_index(pa) % NPV_LIST_LOCKS])
  298 
  299 #define CHANGE_PV_LIST_LOCK_TO_PHYS(lockp, pa)  do {    \
  300         struct rwlock **_lockp = (lockp);               \
  301         struct rwlock *_new_lock;                       \
  302                                                         \
  303         _new_lock = PHYS_TO_PV_LIST_LOCK(pa);           \
  304         if (_new_lock != *_lockp) {                     \
  305                 if (*_lockp != NULL)                    \
  306                         rw_wunlock(*_lockp);            \
  307                 *_lockp = _new_lock;                    \
  308                 rw_wlock(*_lockp);                      \
  309         }                                               \
  310 } while (0)
  311 
  312 #define CHANGE_PV_LIST_LOCK_TO_VM_PAGE(lockp, m)        \
  313                         CHANGE_PV_LIST_LOCK_TO_PHYS(lockp, VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m))
  314 
  315 #define RELEASE_PV_LIST_LOCK(lockp)             do {    \
  316         struct rwlock **_lockp = (lockp);               \
  317                                                         \
  318         if (*_lockp != NULL) {                          \
  319                 rw_wunlock(*_lockp);                    \
  320                 *_lockp = NULL;                         \
  321         }                                               \
  322 } while (0)
  323 
  324 #define VM_PAGE_TO_PV_LIST_LOCK(m)      \
  325                         PHYS_TO_PV_LIST_LOCK(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m))
  326 
  327 struct pmap kernel_pmap_store;
  328 
  329 vm_offset_t virtual_avail;      /* VA of first avail page (after kernel bss) */
  330 vm_offset_t virtual_end;        /* VA of last avail page (end of kernel AS) */
  331 
  332 int nkpt;
  333 SYSCTL_INT(_machdep, OID_AUTO, nkpt, CTLFLAG_RD, &nkpt, 0,
  334     "Number of kernel page table pages allocated on bootup");
  335 
  336 static int ndmpdp;
  337 vm_paddr_t dmaplimit;
  338 vm_offset_t kernel_vm_end = VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS;
  339 pt_entry_t pg_nx;
  340 
  341 static SYSCTL_NODE(_vm, OID_AUTO, pmap, CTLFLAG_RD, 0, "VM/pmap parameters");
  342 
  343 static int pat_works = 1;
  344 SYSCTL_INT(_vm_pmap, OID_AUTO, pat_works, CTLFLAG_RD, &pat_works, 1,
  345     "Is page attribute table fully functional?");
  346 
  347 static int pg_ps_enabled = 1;
  348 SYSCTL_INT(_vm_pmap, OID_AUTO, pg_ps_enabled, CTLFLAG_RDTUN, &pg_ps_enabled, 0,
  349     "Are large page mappings enabled?");
  350 
  351 #define PAT_INDEX_SIZE  8
  352 static int pat_index[PAT_INDEX_SIZE];   /* cache mode to PAT index conversion */
  353 
  354 static u_int64_t        KPTphys;        /* phys addr of kernel level 1 */
  355 static u_int64_t        KPDphys;        /* phys addr of kernel level 2 */
  356 u_int64_t               KPDPphys;       /* phys addr of kernel level 3 */
  357 u_int64_t               KPML4phys;      /* phys addr of kernel level 4 */
  358 
  359 static u_int64_t        DMPDphys;       /* phys addr of direct mapped level 2 */
  360 static u_int64_t        DMPDPphys;      /* phys addr of direct mapped level 3 */
  361 static int              ndmpdpphys;     /* number of DMPDPphys pages */
  362 
  363 /*
  364  * pmap_mapdev support pre initialization (i.e. console)
  365  */
  366 #define PMAP_PREINIT_MAPPING_COUNT      8
  367 static struct pmap_preinit_mapping {
  368         vm_paddr_t      pa;
  369         vm_offset_t     va;
  370         vm_size_t       sz;
  371         int             mode;
  372 } pmap_preinit_mapping[PMAP_PREINIT_MAPPING_COUNT];
  373 static int pmap_initialized;
  374 
  375 static struct rwlock_padalign pvh_global_lock;
  376 
  377 /*
  378  * Data for the pv entry allocation mechanism
  379  */
  380 static TAILQ_HEAD(pch, pv_chunk) pv_chunks = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(pv_chunks);
  381 static struct mtx pv_chunks_mutex;
  382 static struct rwlock pv_list_locks[NPV_LIST_LOCKS];
  383 static struct md_page *pv_table;
  384 
  385 /*
  386  * All those kernel PT submaps that BSD is so fond of
  387  */
  388 pt_entry_t *CMAP1 = 0;
  389 caddr_t CADDR1 = 0;
  390 
  391 static int pmap_flags = PMAP_PDE_SUPERPAGE;     /* flags for x86 pmaps */
  392 
  393 static struct unrhdr pcid_unr;
  394 static struct mtx pcid_mtx;
  395 int pmap_pcid_enabled = 0;
  396 SYSCTL_INT(_vm_pmap, OID_AUTO, pcid_enabled, CTLFLAG_RDTUN, &pmap_pcid_enabled,
  397     0, "Is TLB Context ID enabled ?");
  398 int invpcid_works = 0;
  399 SYSCTL_INT(_vm_pmap, OID_AUTO, invpcid_works, CTLFLAG_RD, &invpcid_works, 0,
  400     "Is the invpcid instruction available ?");
  401 
  402 static int
  403 pmap_pcid_save_cnt_proc(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
  404 {
  405         int i;
  406         uint64_t res;
  407 
  408         res = 0;
  409         CPU_FOREACH(i) {
  410                 res += cpuid_to_pcpu[i]->pc_pm_save_cnt;
  411         }
  412         return (sysctl_handle_64(oidp, &res, 0, req));
  413 }
  414 SYSCTL_PROC(_vm_pmap, OID_AUTO, pcid_save_cnt, CTLTYPE_U64 | CTLFLAG_RW |
  415     CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, NULL, 0, pmap_pcid_save_cnt_proc, "QU",
  416     "Count of saved TLB context on switch");
  417 
  418 /* pmap_copy_pages() over non-DMAP */
  419 static struct mtx cpage_lock;
  420 static vm_offset_t cpage_a;
  421 static vm_offset_t cpage_b;
  422 
  423 /*
  424  * Crashdump maps.
  425  */
  426 static caddr_t crashdumpmap;
  427 
  428 static void     free_pv_chunk(struct pv_chunk *pc);
  429 static void     free_pv_entry(pmap_t pmap, pv_entry_t pv);
  430 static pv_entry_t get_pv_entry(pmap_t pmap, struct rwlock **lockp);
  431 static int      popcnt_pc_map_elem(uint64_t elem);
  432 static vm_page_t reclaim_pv_chunk(pmap_t locked_pmap, struct rwlock **lockp);
  433 static void     reserve_pv_entries(pmap_t pmap, int needed,
  434                     struct rwlock **lockp);
  435 static void     pmap_pv_demote_pde(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, vm_paddr_t pa,
  436                     struct rwlock **lockp);
  437 static boolean_t pmap_pv_insert_pde(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, vm_paddr_t pa,
  438                     struct rwlock **lockp);
  439 static void     pmap_pv_promote_pde(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, vm_paddr_t pa,
  440                     struct rwlock **lockp);
  441 static void     pmap_pvh_free(struct md_page *pvh, pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va);
  442 static pv_entry_t pmap_pvh_remove(struct md_page *pvh, pmap_t pmap,
  443                     vm_offset_t va);
  444 
  445 static int pmap_change_attr_locked(vm_offset_t va, vm_size_t size, int mode);
  446 static boolean_t pmap_demote_pde(pmap_t pmap, pd_entry_t *pde, vm_offset_t va);
  447 static boolean_t pmap_demote_pde_locked(pmap_t pmap, pd_entry_t *pde,
  448     vm_offset_t va, struct rwlock **lockp);
  449 static boolean_t pmap_demote_pdpe(pmap_t pmap, pdp_entry_t *pdpe,
  450     vm_offset_t va);
  451 static boolean_t pmap_enter_pde(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, vm_page_t m,
  452     vm_prot_t prot, struct rwlock **lockp);
  453 static vm_page_t pmap_enter_quick_locked(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va,
  454     vm_page_t m, vm_prot_t prot, vm_page_t mpte, struct rwlock **lockp);
  455 static void pmap_fill_ptp(pt_entry_t *firstpte, pt_entry_t newpte);
  456 static int pmap_insert_pt_page(pmap_t pmap, vm_page_t mpte);
  457 static void pmap_kenter_attr(vm_offset_t va, vm_paddr_t pa, int mode);
  458 static vm_page_t pmap_lookup_pt_page(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va);
  459 static void pmap_pde_attr(pd_entry_t *pde, int cache_bits, int mask);
  460 static void pmap_promote_pde(pmap_t pmap, pd_entry_t *pde, vm_offset_t va,
  461     struct rwlock **lockp);
  462 static boolean_t pmap_protect_pde(pmap_t pmap, pd_entry_t *pde, vm_offset_t sva,
  463     vm_prot_t prot);
  464 static void pmap_pte_attr(pt_entry_t *pte, int cache_bits, int mask);
  465 static int pmap_remove_pde(pmap_t pmap, pd_entry_t *pdq, vm_offset_t sva,
  466     struct spglist *free, struct rwlock **lockp);
  467 static int pmap_remove_pte(pmap_t pmap, pt_entry_t *ptq, vm_offset_t sva,
  468     pd_entry_t ptepde, struct spglist *free, struct rwlock **lockp);
  469 static void pmap_remove_pt_page(pmap_t pmap, vm_page_t mpte);
  470 static void pmap_remove_page(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, pd_entry_t *pde,
  471     struct spglist *free);
  472 static boolean_t pmap_try_insert_pv_entry(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va,
  473     vm_page_t m, struct rwlock **lockp);
  474 static void pmap_update_pde(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, pd_entry_t *pde,
  475     pd_entry_t newpde);
  476 static void pmap_update_pde_invalidate(pmap_t, vm_offset_t va, pd_entry_t pde);
  477 
  478 static vm_page_t _pmap_allocpte(pmap_t pmap, vm_pindex_t ptepindex,
  479                 struct rwlock **lockp);
  480 static vm_page_t pmap_allocpde(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va,
  481                 struct rwlock **lockp);
  482 static vm_page_t pmap_allocpte(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va,
  483                 struct rwlock **lockp);
  484 
  485 static void _pmap_unwire_ptp(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, vm_page_t m,
  486     struct spglist *free);
  487 static int pmap_unuse_pt(pmap_t, vm_offset_t, pd_entry_t, struct spglist *);
  488 static vm_offset_t pmap_kmem_choose(vm_offset_t addr);
  489 
  490 /*
  491  * Move the kernel virtual free pointer to the next
  492  * 2MB.  This is used to help improve performance
  493  * by using a large (2MB) page for much of the kernel
  494  * (.text, .data, .bss)
  495  */
  496 static vm_offset_t
  497 pmap_kmem_choose(vm_offset_t addr)
  498 {
  499         vm_offset_t newaddr = addr;
  500 
  501         newaddr = (addr + (NBPDR - 1)) & ~(NBPDR - 1);
  502         return (newaddr);
  503 }
  504 
  505 /********************/
  506 /* Inline functions */
  507 /********************/
  508 
  509 /* Return a non-clipped PD index for a given VA */
  510 static __inline vm_pindex_t
  511 pmap_pde_pindex(vm_offset_t va)
  512 {
  513         return (va >> PDRSHIFT);
  514 }
  515 
  516 
  517 /* Return various clipped indexes for a given VA */
  518 static __inline vm_pindex_t
  519 pmap_pte_index(vm_offset_t va)
  520 {
  521 
  522         return ((va >> PAGE_SHIFT) & ((1ul << NPTEPGSHIFT) - 1));
  523 }
  524 
  525 static __inline vm_pindex_t
  526 pmap_pde_index(vm_offset_t va)
  527 {
  528 
  529         return ((va >> PDRSHIFT) & ((1ul << NPDEPGSHIFT) - 1));
  530 }
  531 
  532 static __inline vm_pindex_t
  533 pmap_pdpe_index(vm_offset_t va)
  534 {
  535 
  536         return ((va >> PDPSHIFT) & ((1ul << NPDPEPGSHIFT) - 1));
  537 }
  538 
  539 static __inline vm_pindex_t
  540 pmap_pml4e_index(vm_offset_t va)
  541 {
  542 
  543         return ((va >> PML4SHIFT) & ((1ul << NPML4EPGSHIFT) - 1));
  544 }
  545 
  546 /* Return a pointer to the PML4 slot that corresponds to a VA */
  547 static __inline pml4_entry_t *
  548 pmap_pml4e(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va)
  549 {
  550 
  551         return (&pmap->pm_pml4[pmap_pml4e_index(va)]);
  552 }
  553 
  554 /* Return a pointer to the PDP slot that corresponds to a VA */
  555 static __inline pdp_entry_t *
  556 pmap_pml4e_to_pdpe(pml4_entry_t *pml4e, vm_offset_t va)
  557 {
  558         pdp_entry_t *pdpe;
  559 
  560         pdpe = (pdp_entry_t *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(*pml4e & PG_FRAME);
  561         return (&pdpe[pmap_pdpe_index(va)]);
  562 }
  563 
  564 /* Return a pointer to the PDP slot that corresponds to a VA */
  565 static __inline pdp_entry_t *
  566 pmap_pdpe(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va)
  567 {
  568         pml4_entry_t *pml4e;
  569         pt_entry_t PG_V;
  570 
  571         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
  572         pml4e = pmap_pml4e(pmap, va);
  573         if ((*pml4e & PG_V) == 0)
  574                 return (NULL);
  575         return (pmap_pml4e_to_pdpe(pml4e, va));
  576 }
  577 
  578 /* Return a pointer to the PD slot that corresponds to a VA */
  579 static __inline pd_entry_t *
  580 pmap_pdpe_to_pde(pdp_entry_t *pdpe, vm_offset_t va)
  581 {
  582         pd_entry_t *pde;
  583 
  584         pde = (pd_entry_t *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(*pdpe & PG_FRAME);
  585         return (&pde[pmap_pde_index(va)]);
  586 }
  587 
  588 /* Return a pointer to the PD slot that corresponds to a VA */
  589 static __inline pd_entry_t *
  590 pmap_pde(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va)
  591 {
  592         pdp_entry_t *pdpe;
  593         pt_entry_t PG_V;
  594 
  595         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
  596         pdpe = pmap_pdpe(pmap, va);
  597         if (pdpe == NULL || (*pdpe & PG_V) == 0)
  598                 return (NULL);
  599         return (pmap_pdpe_to_pde(pdpe, va));
  600 }
  601 
  602 /* Return a pointer to the PT slot that corresponds to a VA */
  603 static __inline pt_entry_t *
  604 pmap_pde_to_pte(pd_entry_t *pde, vm_offset_t va)
  605 {
  606         pt_entry_t *pte;
  607 
  608         pte = (pt_entry_t *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(*pde & PG_FRAME);
  609         return (&pte[pmap_pte_index(va)]);
  610 }
  611 
  612 /* Return a pointer to the PT slot that corresponds to a VA */
  613 static __inline pt_entry_t *
  614 pmap_pte(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va)
  615 {
  616         pd_entry_t *pde;
  617         pt_entry_t PG_V;
  618 
  619         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
  620         pde = pmap_pde(pmap, va);
  621         if (pde == NULL || (*pde & PG_V) == 0)
  622                 return (NULL);
  623         if ((*pde & PG_PS) != 0)        /* compat with i386 pmap_pte() */
  624                 return ((pt_entry_t *)pde);
  625         return (pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, va));
  626 }
  627 
  628 static __inline void
  629 pmap_resident_count_inc(pmap_t pmap, int count)
  630 {
  631 
  632         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
  633         pmap->pm_stats.resident_count += count;
  634 }
  635 
  636 static __inline void
  637 pmap_resident_count_dec(pmap_t pmap, int count)
  638 {
  639 
  640         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
  641         KASSERT(pmap->pm_stats.resident_count >= count,
  642             ("pmap %p resident count underflow %ld %d", pmap,
  643             pmap->pm_stats.resident_count, count));
  644         pmap->pm_stats.resident_count -= count;
  645 }
  646 
  647 PMAP_INLINE pt_entry_t *
  648 vtopte(vm_offset_t va)
  649 {
  650         u_int64_t mask = ((1ul << (NPTEPGSHIFT + NPDEPGSHIFT + NPDPEPGSHIFT + NPML4EPGSHIFT)) - 1);
  651 
  652         KASSERT(va >= VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS, ("vtopte on a uva/gpa 0x%0lx", va));
  653 
  654         return (PTmap + ((va >> PAGE_SHIFT) & mask));
  655 }
  656 
  657 static __inline pd_entry_t *
  658 vtopde(vm_offset_t va)
  659 {
  660         u_int64_t mask = ((1ul << (NPDEPGSHIFT + NPDPEPGSHIFT + NPML4EPGSHIFT)) - 1);
  661 
  662         KASSERT(va >= VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS, ("vtopde on a uva/gpa 0x%0lx", va));
  663 
  664         return (PDmap + ((va >> PDRSHIFT) & mask));
  665 }
  666 
  667 static u_int64_t
  668 allocpages(vm_paddr_t *firstaddr, int n)
  669 {
  670         u_int64_t ret;
  671 
  672         ret = *firstaddr;
  673         bzero((void *)ret, n * PAGE_SIZE);
  674         *firstaddr += n * PAGE_SIZE;
  675         return (ret);
  676 }
  677 
  678 CTASSERT(powerof2(NDMPML4E));
  679 
  680 /* number of kernel PDP slots */
  681 #define NKPDPE(ptpgs)           howmany((ptpgs), NPDEPG)
  682 
  683 static void
  684 nkpt_init(vm_paddr_t addr)
  685 {
  686         int pt_pages;
  687         
  688 #ifdef NKPT
  689         pt_pages = NKPT;
  690 #else
  691         pt_pages = howmany(addr, 1 << PDRSHIFT);
  692         pt_pages += NKPDPE(pt_pages);
  693 
  694         /*
  695          * Add some slop beyond the bare minimum required for bootstrapping
  696          * the kernel.
  697          *
  698          * This is quite important when allocating KVA for kernel modules.
  699          * The modules are required to be linked in the negative 2GB of
  700          * the address space.  If we run out of KVA in this region then
  701          * pmap_growkernel() will need to allocate page table pages to map
  702          * the entire 512GB of KVA space which is an unnecessary tax on
  703          * physical memory.
  704          *
  705          * Secondly, device memory mapped as part of setting up the low-
  706          * level console(s) is taken from KVA, starting at virtual_avail.
  707          * This is because cninit() is called after pmap_bootstrap() but
  708          * before vm_init() and pmap_init(). 20MB for a frame buffer is
  709          * not uncommon.
  710          */
  711         pt_pages += 32;         /* 64MB additional slop. */
  712 #endif
  713         nkpt = pt_pages;
  714 }
  715 
  716 static void
  717 create_pagetables(vm_paddr_t *firstaddr)
  718 {
  719         int i, j, ndm1g, nkpdpe;
  720         pt_entry_t *pt_p;
  721         pd_entry_t *pd_p;
  722         pdp_entry_t *pdp_p;
  723         pml4_entry_t *p4_p;
  724 
  725         /* Allocate page table pages for the direct map */
  726         ndmpdp = (ptoa(Maxmem) + NBPDP - 1) >> PDPSHIFT;
  727         if (ndmpdp < 4)         /* Minimum 4GB of dirmap */
  728                 ndmpdp = 4;
  729         ndmpdpphys = howmany(ndmpdp, NPDPEPG);
  730         if (ndmpdpphys > NDMPML4E) {
  731                 /*
  732                  * Each NDMPML4E allows 512 GB, so limit to that,
  733                  * and then readjust ndmpdp and ndmpdpphys.
  734                  */
  735                 printf("NDMPML4E limits system to %d GB\n", NDMPML4E * 512);
  736                 Maxmem = atop(NDMPML4E * NBPML4);
  737                 ndmpdpphys = NDMPML4E;
  738                 ndmpdp = NDMPML4E * NPDEPG;
  739         }
  740         DMPDPphys = allocpages(firstaddr, ndmpdpphys);
  741         ndm1g = 0;
  742         if ((amd_feature & AMDID_PAGE1GB) != 0)
  743                 ndm1g = ptoa(Maxmem) >> PDPSHIFT;
  744         if (ndm1g < ndmpdp)
  745                 DMPDphys = allocpages(firstaddr, ndmpdp - ndm1g);
  746         dmaplimit = (vm_paddr_t)ndmpdp << PDPSHIFT;
  747 
  748         /* Allocate pages */
  749         KPML4phys = allocpages(firstaddr, 1);
  750         KPDPphys = allocpages(firstaddr, NKPML4E);
  751 
  752         /*
  753          * Allocate the initial number of kernel page table pages required to
  754          * bootstrap.  We defer this until after all memory-size dependent
  755          * allocations are done (e.g. direct map), so that we don't have to
  756          * build in too much slop in our estimate.
  757          *
  758          * Note that when NKPML4E > 1, we have an empty page underneath
  759          * all but the KPML4I'th one, so we need NKPML4E-1 extra (zeroed)
  760          * pages.  (pmap_enter requires a PD page to exist for each KPML4E.)
  761          */
  762         nkpt_init(*firstaddr);
  763         nkpdpe = NKPDPE(nkpt);
  764 
  765         KPTphys = allocpages(firstaddr, nkpt);
  766         KPDphys = allocpages(firstaddr, nkpdpe);
  767 
  768         /* Fill in the underlying page table pages */
  769         /* Nominally read-only (but really R/W) from zero to physfree */
  770         /* XXX not fully used, underneath 2M pages */
  771         pt_p = (pt_entry_t *)KPTphys;
  772         for (i = 0; ptoa(i) < *firstaddr; i++)
  773                 pt_p[i] = ptoa(i) | X86_PG_RW | X86_PG_V | X86_PG_G;
  774 
  775         /* Now map the page tables at their location within PTmap */
  776         pd_p = (pd_entry_t *)KPDphys;
  777         for (i = 0; i < nkpt; i++)
  778                 pd_p[i] = (KPTphys + ptoa(i)) | X86_PG_RW | X86_PG_V;
  779 
  780         /* Map from zero to end of allocations under 2M pages */
  781         /* This replaces some of the KPTphys entries above */
  782         for (i = 0; (i << PDRSHIFT) < *firstaddr; i++)
  783                 pd_p[i] = (i << PDRSHIFT) | X86_PG_RW | X86_PG_V | PG_PS |
  784                     X86_PG_G;
  785 
  786         /* And connect up the PD to the PDP (leaving room for L4 pages) */
  787         pdp_p = (pdp_entry_t *)(KPDPphys + ptoa(KPML4I - KPML4BASE));
  788         for (i = 0; i < nkpdpe; i++)
  789                 pdp_p[i + KPDPI] = (KPDphys + ptoa(i)) | X86_PG_RW | X86_PG_V |
  790                     PG_U;
  791 
  792         /*
  793          * Now, set up the direct map region using 2MB and/or 1GB pages.  If
  794          * the end of physical memory is not aligned to a 1GB page boundary,
  795          * then the residual physical memory is mapped with 2MB pages.  Later,
  796          * if pmap_mapdev{_attr}() uses the direct map for non-write-back
  797          * memory, pmap_change_attr() will demote any 2MB or 1GB page mappings
  798          * that are partially used. 
  799          */
  800         pd_p = (pd_entry_t *)DMPDphys;
  801         for (i = NPDEPG * ndm1g, j = 0; i < NPDEPG * ndmpdp; i++, j++) {
  802                 pd_p[j] = (vm_paddr_t)i << PDRSHIFT;
  803                 /* Preset PG_M and PG_A because demotion expects it. */
  804                 pd_p[j] |= X86_PG_RW | X86_PG_V | PG_PS | X86_PG_G |
  805                     X86_PG_M | X86_PG_A;
  806         }
  807         pdp_p = (pdp_entry_t *)DMPDPphys;
  808         for (i = 0; i < ndm1g; i++) {
  809                 pdp_p[i] = (vm_paddr_t)i << PDPSHIFT;
  810                 /* Preset PG_M and PG_A because demotion expects it. */
  811                 pdp_p[i] |= X86_PG_RW | X86_PG_V | PG_PS | X86_PG_G |
  812                     X86_PG_M | X86_PG_A;
  813         }
  814         for (j = 0; i < ndmpdp; i++, j++) {
  815                 pdp_p[i] = DMPDphys + ptoa(j);
  816                 pdp_p[i] |= X86_PG_RW | X86_PG_V | PG_U;
  817         }
  818 
  819         /* And recursively map PML4 to itself in order to get PTmap */
  820         p4_p = (pml4_entry_t *)KPML4phys;
  821         p4_p[PML4PML4I] = KPML4phys;
  822         p4_p[PML4PML4I] |= X86_PG_RW | X86_PG_V | PG_U;
  823 
  824         /* Connect the Direct Map slot(s) up to the PML4. */
  825         for (i = 0; i < ndmpdpphys; i++) {
  826                 p4_p[DMPML4I + i] = DMPDPphys + ptoa(i);
  827                 p4_p[DMPML4I + i] |= X86_PG_RW | X86_PG_V | PG_U;
  828         }
  829 
  830         /* Connect the KVA slots up to the PML4 */
  831         for (i = 0; i < NKPML4E; i++) {
  832                 p4_p[KPML4BASE + i] = KPDPphys + ptoa(i);
  833                 p4_p[KPML4BASE + i] |= X86_PG_RW | X86_PG_V | PG_U;
  834         }
  835 }
  836 
  837 /*
  838  *      Bootstrap the system enough to run with virtual memory.
  839  *
  840  *      On amd64 this is called after mapping has already been enabled
  841  *      and just syncs the pmap module with what has already been done.
  842  *      [We can't call it easily with mapping off since the kernel is not
  843  *      mapped with PA == VA, hence we would have to relocate every address
  844  *      from the linked base (virtual) address "KERNBASE" to the actual
  845  *      (physical) address starting relative to 0]
  846  */
  847 void
  848 pmap_bootstrap(vm_paddr_t *firstaddr)
  849 {
  850         vm_offset_t va;
  851         pt_entry_t *pte;
  852 
  853         /*
  854          * Create an initial set of page tables to run the kernel in.
  855          */
  856         create_pagetables(firstaddr);
  857 
  858         /*
  859          * Add a physical memory segment (vm_phys_seg) corresponding to the
  860          * preallocated kernel page table pages so that vm_page structures
  861          * representing these pages will be created.  The vm_page structures
  862          * are required for promotion of the corresponding kernel virtual
  863          * addresses to superpage mappings.
  864          */
  865         vm_phys_add_seg(KPTphys, KPTphys + ptoa(nkpt));
  866 
  867         virtual_avail = (vm_offset_t) KERNBASE + *firstaddr;
  868         virtual_avail = pmap_kmem_choose(virtual_avail);
  869 
  870         virtual_end = VM_MAX_KERNEL_ADDRESS;
  871 
  872 
  873         /* XXX do %cr0 as well */
  874         load_cr4(rcr4() | CR4_PGE | CR4_PSE);
  875         load_cr3(KPML4phys);
  876         if (cpu_stdext_feature & CPUID_STDEXT_SMEP)
  877                 load_cr4(rcr4() | CR4_SMEP);
  878 
  879         /*
  880          * Initialize the kernel pmap (which is statically allocated).
  881          */
  882         PMAP_LOCK_INIT(kernel_pmap);
  883         kernel_pmap->pm_pml4 = (pdp_entry_t *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(KPML4phys);
  884         kernel_pmap->pm_cr3 = KPML4phys;
  885         CPU_FILL(&kernel_pmap->pm_active);      /* don't allow deactivation */
  886         CPU_FILL(&kernel_pmap->pm_save);        /* always superset of pm_active */
  887         TAILQ_INIT(&kernel_pmap->pm_pvchunk);
  888         kernel_pmap->pm_flags = pmap_flags;
  889 
  890         /*
  891          * Initialize the global pv list lock.
  892          */
  893         rw_init(&pvh_global_lock, "pmap pv global");
  894 
  895         /*
  896          * Reserve some special page table entries/VA space for temporary
  897          * mapping of pages.
  898          */
  899 #define SYSMAP(c, p, v, n)      \
  900         v = (c)va; va += ((n)*PAGE_SIZE); p = pte; pte += (n);
  901 
  902         va = virtual_avail;
  903         pte = vtopte(va);
  904 
  905         /*
  906          * Crashdump maps.  The first page is reused as CMAP1 for the
  907          * memory test.
  908          */
  909         SYSMAP(caddr_t, CMAP1, crashdumpmap, MAXDUMPPGS)
  910         CADDR1 = crashdumpmap;
  911 
  912         virtual_avail = va;
  913 
  914         /* Initialize the PAT MSR. */
  915         pmap_init_pat();
  916 
  917         /* Initialize TLB Context Id. */
  918         TUNABLE_INT_FETCH("vm.pmap.pcid_enabled", &pmap_pcid_enabled);
  919         if ((cpu_feature2 & CPUID2_PCID) != 0 && pmap_pcid_enabled) {
  920                 load_cr4(rcr4() | CR4_PCIDE);
  921                 mtx_init(&pcid_mtx, "pcid", NULL, MTX_DEF);
  922                 init_unrhdr(&pcid_unr, 1, (1 << 12) - 1, &pcid_mtx);
  923                 /* Check for INVPCID support */
  924                 invpcid_works = (cpu_stdext_feature & CPUID_STDEXT_INVPCID)
  925                     != 0;
  926                 kernel_pmap->pm_pcid = 0;
  927 #ifndef SMP
  928                 pmap_pcid_enabled = 0;
  929 #endif
  930         } else
  931                 pmap_pcid_enabled = 0;
  932 }
  933 
  934 /*
  935  * Setup the PAT MSR.
  936  */
  937 void
  938 pmap_init_pat(void)
  939 {
  940         int pat_table[PAT_INDEX_SIZE];
  941         uint64_t pat_msr;
  942         u_long cr0, cr4;
  943         int i;
  944 
  945         /* Bail if this CPU doesn't implement PAT. */
  946         if ((cpu_feature & CPUID_PAT) == 0)
  947                 panic("no PAT??");
  948 
  949         /* Set default PAT index table. */
  950         for (i = 0; i < PAT_INDEX_SIZE; i++)
  951                 pat_table[i] = -1;
  952         pat_table[PAT_WRITE_BACK] = 0;
  953         pat_table[PAT_WRITE_THROUGH] = 1;
  954         pat_table[PAT_UNCACHEABLE] = 3;
  955         pat_table[PAT_WRITE_COMBINING] = 3;
  956         pat_table[PAT_WRITE_PROTECTED] = 3;
  957         pat_table[PAT_UNCACHED] = 3;
  958 
  959         /* Initialize default PAT entries. */
  960         pat_msr = PAT_VALUE(0, PAT_WRITE_BACK) |
  961             PAT_VALUE(1, PAT_WRITE_THROUGH) |
  962             PAT_VALUE(2, PAT_UNCACHED) |
  963             PAT_VALUE(3, PAT_UNCACHEABLE) |
  964             PAT_VALUE(4, PAT_WRITE_BACK) |
  965             PAT_VALUE(5, PAT_WRITE_THROUGH) |
  966             PAT_VALUE(6, PAT_UNCACHED) |
  967             PAT_VALUE(7, PAT_UNCACHEABLE);
  968 
  969         if (pat_works) {
  970                 /*
  971                  * Leave the indices 0-3 at the default of WB, WT, UC-, and UC.
  972                  * Program 5 and 6 as WP and WC.
  973                  * Leave 4 and 7 as WB and UC.
  974                  */
  975                 pat_msr &= ~(PAT_MASK(5) | PAT_MASK(6));
  976                 pat_msr |= PAT_VALUE(5, PAT_WRITE_PROTECTED) |
  977                     PAT_VALUE(6, PAT_WRITE_COMBINING);
  978                 pat_table[PAT_UNCACHED] = 2;
  979                 pat_table[PAT_WRITE_PROTECTED] = 5;
  980                 pat_table[PAT_WRITE_COMBINING] = 6;
  981         } else {
  982                 /*
  983                  * Just replace PAT Index 2 with WC instead of UC-.
  984                  */
  985                 pat_msr &= ~PAT_MASK(2);
  986                 pat_msr |= PAT_VALUE(2, PAT_WRITE_COMBINING);
  987                 pat_table[PAT_WRITE_COMBINING] = 2;
  988         }
  989 
  990         /* Disable PGE. */
  991         cr4 = rcr4();
  992         load_cr4(cr4 & ~CR4_PGE);
  993 
  994         /* Disable caches (CD = 1, NW = 0). */
  995         cr0 = rcr0();
  996         load_cr0((cr0 & ~CR0_NW) | CR0_CD);
  997 
  998         /* Flushes caches and TLBs. */
  999         wbinvd();
 1000         invltlb();
 1001 
 1002         /* Update PAT and index table. */
 1003         wrmsr(MSR_PAT, pat_msr);
 1004         for (i = 0; i < PAT_INDEX_SIZE; i++)
 1005                 pat_index[i] = pat_table[i];
 1006 
 1007         /* Flush caches and TLBs again. */
 1008         wbinvd();
 1009         invltlb();
 1010 
 1011         /* Restore caches and PGE. */
 1012         load_cr0(cr0);
 1013         load_cr4(cr4);
 1014 }
 1015 
 1016 /*
 1017  *      Initialize a vm_page's machine-dependent fields.
 1018  */
 1019 void
 1020 pmap_page_init(vm_page_t m)
 1021 {
 1022 
 1023         TAILQ_INIT(&m->md.pv_list);
 1024         m->md.pat_mode = PAT_WRITE_BACK;
 1025 }
 1026 
 1027 /*
 1028  *      Initialize the pmap module.
 1029  *      Called by vm_init, to initialize any structures that the pmap
 1030  *      system needs to map virtual memory.
 1031  */
 1032 void
 1033 pmap_init(void)
 1034 {
 1035         struct pmap_preinit_mapping *ppim;
 1036         vm_page_t mpte;
 1037         vm_size_t s;
 1038         int i, pv_npg;
 1039 
 1040         /*
 1041          * Initialize the vm page array entries for the kernel pmap's
 1042          * page table pages.
 1043          */ 
 1044         for (i = 0; i < nkpt; i++) {
 1045                 mpte = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(KPTphys + (i << PAGE_SHIFT));
 1046                 KASSERT(mpte >= vm_page_array &&
 1047                     mpte < &vm_page_array[vm_page_array_size],
 1048                     ("pmap_init: page table page is out of range"));
 1049                 mpte->pindex = pmap_pde_pindex(KERNBASE) + i;
 1050                 mpte->phys_addr = KPTphys + (i << PAGE_SHIFT);
 1051         }
 1052 
 1053         /*
 1054          * If the kernel is running on a virtual machine, then it must assume
 1055          * that MCA is enabled by the hypervisor.  Moreover, the kernel must
 1056          * be prepared for the hypervisor changing the vendor and family that
 1057          * are reported by CPUID.  Consequently, the workaround for AMD Family
 1058          * 10h Erratum 383 is enabled if the processor's feature set does not
 1059          * include at least one feature that is only supported by older Intel
 1060          * or newer AMD processors.
 1061          */
 1062         if (vm_guest == VM_GUEST_VM && (cpu_feature & CPUID_SS) == 0 &&
 1063             (cpu_feature2 & (CPUID2_SSSE3 | CPUID2_SSE41 | CPUID2_AESNI |
 1064             CPUID2_AVX | CPUID2_XSAVE)) == 0 && (amd_feature2 & (AMDID2_XOP |
 1065             AMDID2_FMA4)) == 0)
 1066                 workaround_erratum383 = 1;
 1067 
 1068         /*
 1069          * Are large page mappings enabled?
 1070          */
 1071         TUNABLE_INT_FETCH("vm.pmap.pg_ps_enabled", &pg_ps_enabled);
 1072         if (pg_ps_enabled) {
 1073                 KASSERT(MAXPAGESIZES > 1 && pagesizes[1] == 0,
 1074                     ("pmap_init: can't assign to pagesizes[1]"));
 1075                 pagesizes[1] = NBPDR;
 1076         }
 1077 
 1078         /*
 1079          * Initialize the pv chunk list mutex.
 1080          */
 1081         mtx_init(&pv_chunks_mutex, "pmap pv chunk list", NULL, MTX_DEF);
 1082 
 1083         /*
 1084          * Initialize the pool of pv list locks.
 1085          */
 1086         for (i = 0; i < NPV_LIST_LOCKS; i++)
 1087                 rw_init(&pv_list_locks[i], "pmap pv list");
 1088 
 1089         /*
 1090          * Calculate the size of the pv head table for superpages.
 1091          */
 1092         pv_npg = howmany(vm_phys_segs[vm_phys_nsegs - 1].end, NBPDR);
 1093 
 1094         /*
 1095          * Allocate memory for the pv head table for superpages.
 1096          */
 1097         s = (vm_size_t)(pv_npg * sizeof(struct md_page));
 1098         s = round_page(s);
 1099         pv_table = (struct md_page *)kmem_malloc(kernel_arena, s,
 1100             M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
 1101         for (i = 0; i < pv_npg; i++)
 1102                 TAILQ_INIT(&pv_table[i].pv_list);
 1103 
 1104         mtx_init(&cpage_lock, "cpage", NULL, MTX_DEF);
 1105         cpage_a = kva_alloc(PAGE_SIZE);
 1106         cpage_b = kva_alloc(PAGE_SIZE);
 1107 
 1108         pmap_initialized = 1;
 1109         for (i = 0; i < PMAP_PREINIT_MAPPING_COUNT; i++) {
 1110                 ppim = pmap_preinit_mapping + i;
 1111                 if (ppim->va == 0)
 1112                         continue;
 1113                 /* Make the direct map consistent */
 1114                 if (ppim->pa < dmaplimit && ppim->pa + ppim->sz < dmaplimit) {
 1115                         (void)pmap_change_attr(PHYS_TO_DMAP(ppim->pa),
 1116                             ppim->sz, ppim->mode);
 1117                 }
 1118                 if (!bootverbose)
 1119                         continue;
 1120                 printf("PPIM %u: PA=%#lx, VA=%#lx, size=%#lx, mode=%#x\n", i,
 1121                     ppim->pa, ppim->va, ppim->sz, ppim->mode);
 1122         }
 1123 }
 1124 
 1125 static SYSCTL_NODE(_vm_pmap, OID_AUTO, pde, CTLFLAG_RD, 0,
 1126     "2MB page mapping counters");
 1127 
 1128 static u_long pmap_pde_demotions;
 1129 SYSCTL_ULONG(_vm_pmap_pde, OID_AUTO, demotions, CTLFLAG_RD,
 1130     &pmap_pde_demotions, 0, "2MB page demotions");
 1131 
 1132 static u_long pmap_pde_mappings;
 1133 SYSCTL_ULONG(_vm_pmap_pde, OID_AUTO, mappings, CTLFLAG_RD,
 1134     &pmap_pde_mappings, 0, "2MB page mappings");
 1135 
 1136 static u_long pmap_pde_p_failures;
 1137 SYSCTL_ULONG(_vm_pmap_pde, OID_AUTO, p_failures, CTLFLAG_RD,
 1138     &pmap_pde_p_failures, 0, "2MB page promotion failures");
 1139 
 1140 static u_long pmap_pde_promotions;
 1141 SYSCTL_ULONG(_vm_pmap_pde, OID_AUTO, promotions, CTLFLAG_RD,
 1142     &pmap_pde_promotions, 0, "2MB page promotions");
 1143 
 1144 static SYSCTL_NODE(_vm_pmap, OID_AUTO, pdpe, CTLFLAG_RD, 0,
 1145     "1GB page mapping counters");
 1146 
 1147 static u_long pmap_pdpe_demotions;
 1148 SYSCTL_ULONG(_vm_pmap_pdpe, OID_AUTO, demotions, CTLFLAG_RD,
 1149     &pmap_pdpe_demotions, 0, "1GB page demotions");
 1150 
 1151 /***************************************************
 1152  * Low level helper routines.....
 1153  ***************************************************/
 1154 
 1155 static pt_entry_t
 1156 pmap_swap_pat(pmap_t pmap, pt_entry_t entry)
 1157 {
 1158         int x86_pat_bits = X86_PG_PTE_PAT | X86_PG_PDE_PAT;
 1159 
 1160         switch (pmap->pm_type) {
 1161         case PT_X86:
 1162         case PT_RVI:
 1163                 /* Verify that both PAT bits are not set at the same time */
 1164                 KASSERT((entry & x86_pat_bits) != x86_pat_bits,
 1165                     ("Invalid PAT bits in entry %#lx", entry));
 1166 
 1167                 /* Swap the PAT bits if one of them is set */
 1168                 if ((entry & x86_pat_bits) != 0)
 1169                         entry ^= x86_pat_bits;
 1170                 break;
 1171         case PT_EPT:
 1172                 /*
 1173                  * Nothing to do - the memory attributes are represented
 1174                  * the same way for regular pages and superpages.
 1175                  */
 1176                 break;
 1177         default:
 1178                 panic("pmap_switch_pat_bits: bad pm_type %d", pmap->pm_type);
 1179         }
 1180 
 1181         return (entry);
 1182 }
 1183 
 1184 /*
 1185  * Determine the appropriate bits to set in a PTE or PDE for a specified
 1186  * caching mode.
 1187  */
 1188 static int
 1189 pmap_cache_bits(pmap_t pmap, int mode, boolean_t is_pde)
 1190 {
 1191         int cache_bits, pat_flag, pat_idx;
 1192 
 1193         if (mode < 0 || mode >= PAT_INDEX_SIZE || pat_index[mode] < 0)
 1194                 panic("Unknown caching mode %d\n", mode);
 1195 
 1196         switch (pmap->pm_type) {
 1197         case PT_X86:
 1198         case PT_RVI:
 1199                 /* The PAT bit is different for PTE's and PDE's. */
 1200                 pat_flag = is_pde ? X86_PG_PDE_PAT : X86_PG_PTE_PAT;
 1201 
 1202                 /* Map the caching mode to a PAT index. */
 1203                 pat_idx = pat_index[mode];
 1204 
 1205                 /* Map the 3-bit index value into the PAT, PCD, and PWT bits. */
 1206                 cache_bits = 0;
 1207                 if (pat_idx & 0x4)
 1208                         cache_bits |= pat_flag;
 1209                 if (pat_idx & 0x2)
 1210                         cache_bits |= PG_NC_PCD;
 1211                 if (pat_idx & 0x1)
 1212                         cache_bits |= PG_NC_PWT;
 1213                 break;
 1214 
 1215         case PT_EPT:
 1216                 cache_bits = EPT_PG_IGNORE_PAT | EPT_PG_MEMORY_TYPE(mode);
 1217                 break;
 1218 
 1219         default:
 1220                 panic("unsupported pmap type %d", pmap->pm_type);
 1221         }
 1222 
 1223         return (cache_bits);
 1224 }
 1225 
 1226 static int
 1227 pmap_cache_mask(pmap_t pmap, boolean_t is_pde)
 1228 {
 1229         int mask;
 1230 
 1231         switch (pmap->pm_type) {
 1232         case PT_X86:
 1233         case PT_RVI:
 1234                 mask = is_pde ? X86_PG_PDE_CACHE : X86_PG_PTE_CACHE;
 1235                 break;
 1236         case PT_EPT:
 1237                 mask = EPT_PG_IGNORE_PAT | EPT_PG_MEMORY_TYPE(0x7);
 1238                 break;
 1239         default:
 1240                 panic("pmap_cache_mask: invalid pm_type %d", pmap->pm_type);
 1241         }
 1242 
 1243         return (mask);
 1244 }
 1245 
 1246 static __inline boolean_t
 1247 pmap_ps_enabled(pmap_t pmap)
 1248 {
 1249 
 1250         return (pg_ps_enabled && (pmap->pm_flags & PMAP_PDE_SUPERPAGE) != 0);
 1251 }
 1252 
 1253 static void
 1254 pmap_update_pde_store(pmap_t pmap, pd_entry_t *pde, pd_entry_t newpde)
 1255 {
 1256 
 1257         switch (pmap->pm_type) {
 1258         case PT_X86:
 1259                 break;
 1260         case PT_RVI:
 1261         case PT_EPT:
 1262                 /*
 1263                  * XXX
 1264                  * This is a little bogus since the generation number is
 1265                  * supposed to be bumped up when a region of the address
 1266                  * space is invalidated in the page tables.
 1267                  *
 1268                  * In this case the old PDE entry is valid but yet we want
 1269                  * to make sure that any mappings using the old entry are
 1270                  * invalidated in the TLB.
 1271                  *
 1272                  * The reason this works as expected is because we rendezvous
 1273                  * "all" host cpus and force any vcpu context to exit as a
 1274                  * side-effect.
 1275                  */
 1276                 atomic_add_acq_long(&pmap->pm_eptgen, 1);
 1277                 break;
 1278         default:
 1279                 panic("pmap_update_pde_store: bad pm_type %d", pmap->pm_type);
 1280         }
 1281         pde_store(pde, newpde);
 1282 }
 1283 
 1284 /*
 1285  * After changing the page size for the specified virtual address in the page
 1286  * table, flush the corresponding entries from the processor's TLB.  Only the
 1287  * calling processor's TLB is affected.
 1288  *
 1289  * The calling thread must be pinned to a processor.
 1290  */
 1291 static void
 1292 pmap_update_pde_invalidate(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, pd_entry_t newpde)
 1293 {
 1294         pt_entry_t PG_G;
 1295 
 1296         if (pmap_type_guest(pmap))
 1297                 return;
 1298 
 1299         KASSERT(pmap->pm_type == PT_X86,
 1300             ("pmap_update_pde_invalidate: invalid type %d", pmap->pm_type));
 1301 
 1302         PG_G = pmap_global_bit(pmap);
 1303 
 1304         if ((newpde & PG_PS) == 0)
 1305                 /* Demotion: flush a specific 2MB page mapping. */
 1306                 invlpg(va);
 1307         else if ((newpde & PG_G) == 0)
 1308                 /*
 1309                  * Promotion: flush every 4KB page mapping from the TLB
 1310                  * because there are too many to flush individually.
 1311                  */
 1312                 invltlb();
 1313         else {
 1314                 /*
 1315                  * Promotion: flush every 4KB page mapping from the TLB,
 1316                  * including any global (PG_G) mappings.
 1317                  */
 1318                 invltlb_globpcid();
 1319         }
 1320 }
 1321 #ifdef SMP
 1322 
 1323 static void
 1324 pmap_invalidate_page_pcid(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va)
 1325 {
 1326         struct invpcid_descr d;
 1327         uint64_t cr3;
 1328 
 1329         if (invpcid_works) {
 1330                 d.pcid = pmap->pm_pcid;
 1331                 d.pad = 0;
 1332                 d.addr = va;
 1333                 invpcid(&d, INVPCID_ADDR);
 1334                 return;
 1335         }
 1336 
 1337         cr3 = rcr3();
 1338         critical_enter();
 1339         load_cr3(pmap->pm_cr3 | CR3_PCID_SAVE);
 1340         invlpg(va);
 1341         load_cr3(cr3 | CR3_PCID_SAVE);
 1342         critical_exit();
 1343 }
 1344 
 1345 /*
 1346  * For SMP, these functions have to use the IPI mechanism for coherence.
 1347  *
 1348  * N.B.: Before calling any of the following TLB invalidation functions,
 1349  * the calling processor must ensure that all stores updating a non-
 1350  * kernel page table are globally performed.  Otherwise, another
 1351  * processor could cache an old, pre-update entry without being
 1352  * invalidated.  This can happen one of two ways: (1) The pmap becomes
 1353  * active on another processor after its pm_active field is checked by
 1354  * one of the following functions but before a store updating the page
 1355  * table is globally performed. (2) The pmap becomes active on another
 1356  * processor before its pm_active field is checked but due to
 1357  * speculative loads one of the following functions stills reads the
 1358  * pmap as inactive on the other processor.
 1359  * 
 1360  * The kernel page table is exempt because its pm_active field is
 1361  * immutable.  The kernel page table is always active on every
 1362  * processor.
 1363  */
 1364 
 1365 /*
 1366  * Interrupt the cpus that are executing in the guest context.
 1367  * This will force the vcpu to exit and the cached EPT mappings
 1368  * will be invalidated by the host before the next vmresume.
 1369  */
 1370 static __inline void
 1371 pmap_invalidate_ept(pmap_t pmap)
 1372 {
 1373         int ipinum;
 1374 
 1375         sched_pin();
 1376         KASSERT(!CPU_ISSET(curcpu, &pmap->pm_active),
 1377             ("pmap_invalidate_ept: absurd pm_active"));
 1378 
 1379         /*
 1380          * The TLB mappings associated with a vcpu context are not
 1381          * flushed each time a different vcpu is chosen to execute.
 1382          *
 1383          * This is in contrast with a process's vtop mappings that
 1384          * are flushed from the TLB on each context switch.
 1385          *
 1386          * Therefore we need to do more than just a TLB shootdown on
 1387          * the active cpus in 'pmap->pm_active'. To do this we keep
 1388          * track of the number of invalidations performed on this pmap.
 1389          *
 1390          * Each vcpu keeps a cache of this counter and compares it
 1391          * just before a vmresume. If the counter is out-of-date an
 1392          * invept will be done to flush stale mappings from the TLB.
 1393          */
 1394         atomic_add_acq_long(&pmap->pm_eptgen, 1);
 1395 
 1396         /*
 1397          * Force the vcpu to exit and trap back into the hypervisor.
 1398          */
 1399         ipinum = pmap->pm_flags & PMAP_NESTED_IPIMASK;
 1400         ipi_selected(pmap->pm_active, ipinum);
 1401         sched_unpin();
 1402 }
 1403 
 1404 void
 1405 pmap_invalidate_page(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va)
 1406 {
 1407         cpuset_t other_cpus;
 1408         u_int cpuid;
 1409 
 1410         if (pmap_type_guest(pmap)) {
 1411                 pmap_invalidate_ept(pmap);
 1412                 return;
 1413         }
 1414 
 1415         KASSERT(pmap->pm_type == PT_X86,
 1416             ("pmap_invalidate_page: invalid type %d", pmap->pm_type));
 1417 
 1418         sched_pin();
 1419         if (pmap == kernel_pmap || !CPU_CMP(&pmap->pm_active, &all_cpus)) {
 1420                 if (!pmap_pcid_enabled) {
 1421                         invlpg(va);
 1422                 } else {
 1423                         if (pmap->pm_pcid != -1 && pmap->pm_pcid != 0) {
 1424                                 if (pmap == PCPU_GET(curpmap))
 1425                                         invlpg(va);
 1426                                 else
 1427                                         pmap_invalidate_page_pcid(pmap, va);
 1428                         } else {
 1429                                 invltlb_globpcid();
 1430                         }
 1431                 }
 1432                 smp_invlpg(pmap, va);
 1433         } else {
 1434                 cpuid = PCPU_GET(cpuid);
 1435                 other_cpus = all_cpus;
 1436                 CPU_CLR(cpuid, &other_cpus);
 1437                 if (CPU_ISSET(cpuid, &pmap->pm_active))
 1438                         invlpg(va);
 1439                 else if (pmap_pcid_enabled) {
 1440                         if (pmap->pm_pcid != -1 && pmap->pm_pcid != 0)
 1441                                 pmap_invalidate_page_pcid(pmap, va);
 1442                         else
 1443                                 invltlb_globpcid();
 1444                 }
 1445                 if (pmap_pcid_enabled)
 1446                         CPU_AND(&other_cpus, &pmap->pm_save);
 1447                 else
 1448                         CPU_AND(&other_cpus, &pmap->pm_active);
 1449                 if (!CPU_EMPTY(&other_cpus))
 1450                         smp_masked_invlpg(other_cpus, pmap, va);
 1451         }
 1452         sched_unpin();
 1453 }
 1454 
 1455 static void
 1456 pmap_invalidate_range_pcid(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t sva, vm_offset_t eva)
 1457 {
 1458         struct invpcid_descr d;
 1459         uint64_t cr3;
 1460         vm_offset_t addr;
 1461 
 1462         if (invpcid_works) {
 1463                 d.pcid = pmap->pm_pcid;
 1464                 d.pad = 0;
 1465                 for (addr = sva; addr < eva; addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
 1466                         d.addr = addr;
 1467                         invpcid(&d, INVPCID_ADDR);
 1468                 }
 1469                 return;
 1470         }
 1471 
 1472         cr3 = rcr3();
 1473         critical_enter();
 1474         load_cr3(pmap->pm_cr3 | CR3_PCID_SAVE);
 1475         for (addr = sva; addr < eva; addr += PAGE_SIZE)
 1476                 invlpg(addr);
 1477         load_cr3(cr3 | CR3_PCID_SAVE);
 1478         critical_exit();
 1479 }
 1480 
 1481 void
 1482 pmap_invalidate_range(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t sva, vm_offset_t eva)
 1483 {
 1484         cpuset_t other_cpus;
 1485         vm_offset_t addr;
 1486         u_int cpuid;
 1487 
 1488         if (pmap_type_guest(pmap)) {
 1489                 pmap_invalidate_ept(pmap);
 1490                 return;
 1491         }
 1492 
 1493         KASSERT(pmap->pm_type == PT_X86,
 1494             ("pmap_invalidate_range: invalid type %d", pmap->pm_type));
 1495 
 1496         sched_pin();
 1497         if (pmap == kernel_pmap || !CPU_CMP(&pmap->pm_active, &all_cpus)) {
 1498                 if (!pmap_pcid_enabled) {
 1499                         for (addr = sva; addr < eva; addr += PAGE_SIZE)
 1500                                 invlpg(addr);
 1501                 } else {
 1502                         if (pmap->pm_pcid != -1 && pmap->pm_pcid != 0) {
 1503                                 if (pmap == PCPU_GET(curpmap)) {
 1504                                         for (addr = sva; addr < eva;
 1505                                             addr += PAGE_SIZE)
 1506                                                 invlpg(addr);
 1507                                 } else {
 1508                                         pmap_invalidate_range_pcid(pmap,
 1509                                             sva, eva);
 1510                                 }
 1511                         } else {
 1512                                 invltlb_globpcid();
 1513                         }
 1514                 }
 1515                 smp_invlpg_range(pmap, sva, eva);
 1516         } else {
 1517                 cpuid = PCPU_GET(cpuid);
 1518                 other_cpus = all_cpus;
 1519                 CPU_CLR(cpuid, &other_cpus);
 1520                 if (CPU_ISSET(cpuid, &pmap->pm_active)) {
 1521                         for (addr = sva; addr < eva; addr += PAGE_SIZE)
 1522                                 invlpg(addr);
 1523                 } else if (pmap_pcid_enabled) {
 1524                         if (pmap->pm_pcid != -1 && pmap->pm_pcid != 0)
 1525                                 pmap_invalidate_range_pcid(pmap, sva, eva);
 1526                         else
 1527                                 invltlb_globpcid();
 1528                 }
 1529                 if (pmap_pcid_enabled)
 1530                         CPU_AND(&other_cpus, &pmap->pm_save);
 1531                 else
 1532                         CPU_AND(&other_cpus, &pmap->pm_active);
 1533                 if (!CPU_EMPTY(&other_cpus))
 1534                         smp_masked_invlpg_range(other_cpus, pmap, sva, eva);
 1535         }
 1536         sched_unpin();
 1537 }
 1538 
 1539 void
 1540 pmap_invalidate_all(pmap_t pmap)
 1541 {
 1542         cpuset_t other_cpus;
 1543         struct invpcid_descr d;
 1544         uint64_t cr3;
 1545         u_int cpuid;
 1546 
 1547         if (pmap_type_guest(pmap)) {
 1548                 pmap_invalidate_ept(pmap);
 1549                 return;
 1550         }
 1551 
 1552         KASSERT(pmap->pm_type == PT_X86,
 1553             ("pmap_invalidate_all: invalid type %d", pmap->pm_type));
 1554 
 1555         sched_pin();
 1556         cpuid = PCPU_GET(cpuid);
 1557         if (pmap == kernel_pmap ||
 1558             (pmap_pcid_enabled && !CPU_CMP(&pmap->pm_save, &all_cpus)) ||
 1559             !CPU_CMP(&pmap->pm_active, &all_cpus)) {
 1560                 if (invpcid_works) {
 1561                         bzero(&d, sizeof(d));
 1562                         invpcid(&d, INVPCID_CTXGLOB);
 1563                 } else {
 1564                         invltlb_globpcid();
 1565                 }
 1566                 if (!CPU_ISSET(cpuid, &pmap->pm_active))
 1567                         CPU_CLR_ATOMIC(cpuid, &pmap->pm_save);
 1568                 smp_invltlb(pmap);
 1569         } else {
 1570                 other_cpus = all_cpus;
 1571                 CPU_CLR(cpuid, &other_cpus);
 1572 
 1573                 /*
 1574                  * This logic is duplicated in the Xinvltlb shootdown
 1575                  * IPI handler.
 1576                  */
 1577                 if (pmap_pcid_enabled) {
 1578                         if (pmap->pm_pcid != -1 && pmap->pm_pcid != 0) {
 1579                                 if (invpcid_works) {
 1580                                         d.pcid = pmap->pm_pcid;
 1581                                         d.pad = 0;
 1582                                         d.addr = 0;
 1583                                         invpcid(&d, INVPCID_CTX);
 1584                                 } else {
 1585                                         cr3 = rcr3();
 1586                                         critical_enter();
 1587 
 1588                                         /*
 1589                                          * Bit 63 is clear, pcid TLB
 1590                                          * entries are invalidated.
 1591                                          */
 1592                                         load_cr3(pmap->pm_cr3);
 1593                                         load_cr3(cr3 | CR3_PCID_SAVE);
 1594                                         critical_exit();
 1595                                 }
 1596                         } else {
 1597                                 invltlb_globpcid();
 1598                         }
 1599                 } else if (CPU_ISSET(cpuid, &pmap->pm_active))
 1600                         invltlb();
 1601                 if (!CPU_ISSET(cpuid, &pmap->pm_active))
 1602                         CPU_CLR_ATOMIC(cpuid, &pmap->pm_save);
 1603                 if (pmap_pcid_enabled)
 1604                         CPU_AND(&other_cpus, &pmap->pm_save);
 1605                 else
 1606                         CPU_AND(&other_cpus, &pmap->pm_active);
 1607                 if (!CPU_EMPTY(&other_cpus))
 1608                         smp_masked_invltlb(other_cpus, pmap);
 1609         }
 1610         sched_unpin();
 1611 }
 1612 
 1613 void
 1614 pmap_invalidate_cache(void)
 1615 {
 1616 
 1617         sched_pin();
 1618         wbinvd();
 1619         smp_cache_flush();
 1620         sched_unpin();
 1621 }
 1622 
 1623 struct pde_action {
 1624         cpuset_t invalidate;    /* processors that invalidate their TLB */
 1625         pmap_t pmap;
 1626         vm_offset_t va;
 1627         pd_entry_t *pde;
 1628         pd_entry_t newpde;
 1629         u_int store;            /* processor that updates the PDE */
 1630 };
 1631 
 1632 static void
 1633 pmap_update_pde_action(void *arg)
 1634 {
 1635         struct pde_action *act = arg;
 1636 
 1637         if (act->store == PCPU_GET(cpuid))
 1638                 pmap_update_pde_store(act->pmap, act->pde, act->newpde);
 1639 }
 1640 
 1641 static void
 1642 pmap_update_pde_teardown(void *arg)
 1643 {
 1644         struct pde_action *act = arg;
 1645 
 1646         if (CPU_ISSET(PCPU_GET(cpuid), &act->invalidate))
 1647                 pmap_update_pde_invalidate(act->pmap, act->va, act->newpde);
 1648 }
 1649 
 1650 /*
 1651  * Change the page size for the specified virtual address in a way that
 1652  * prevents any possibility of the TLB ever having two entries that map the
 1653  * same virtual address using different page sizes.  This is the recommended
 1654  * workaround for Erratum 383 on AMD Family 10h processors.  It prevents a
 1655  * machine check exception for a TLB state that is improperly diagnosed as a
 1656  * hardware error.
 1657  */
 1658 static void
 1659 pmap_update_pde(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, pd_entry_t *pde, pd_entry_t newpde)
 1660 {
 1661         struct pde_action act;
 1662         cpuset_t active, other_cpus;
 1663         u_int cpuid;
 1664 
 1665         sched_pin();
 1666         cpuid = PCPU_GET(cpuid);
 1667         other_cpus = all_cpus;
 1668         CPU_CLR(cpuid, &other_cpus);
 1669         if (pmap == kernel_pmap || pmap_type_guest(pmap)) 
 1670                 active = all_cpus;
 1671         else {
 1672                 active = pmap->pm_active;
 1673                 CPU_AND_ATOMIC(&pmap->pm_save, &active);
 1674         }
 1675         if (CPU_OVERLAP(&active, &other_cpus)) { 
 1676                 act.store = cpuid;
 1677                 act.invalidate = active;
 1678                 act.va = va;
 1679                 act.pmap = pmap;
 1680                 act.pde = pde;
 1681                 act.newpde = newpde;
 1682                 CPU_SET(cpuid, &active);
 1683                 smp_rendezvous_cpus(active,
 1684                     smp_no_rendevous_barrier, pmap_update_pde_action,
 1685                     pmap_update_pde_teardown, &act);
 1686         } else {
 1687                 pmap_update_pde_store(pmap, pde, newpde);
 1688                 if (CPU_ISSET(cpuid, &active))
 1689                         pmap_update_pde_invalidate(pmap, va, newpde);
 1690         }
 1691         sched_unpin();
 1692 }
 1693 #else /* !SMP */
 1694 /*
 1695  * Normal, non-SMP, invalidation functions.
 1696  * We inline these within pmap.c for speed.
 1697  */
 1698 PMAP_INLINE void
 1699 pmap_invalidate_page(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va)
 1700 {
 1701 
 1702         switch (pmap->pm_type) {
 1703         case PT_X86:
 1704                 if (pmap == kernel_pmap || !CPU_EMPTY(&pmap->pm_active))
 1705                         invlpg(va);
 1706                 break;
 1707         case PT_RVI:
 1708         case PT_EPT:
 1709                 pmap->pm_eptgen++;
 1710                 break;
 1711         default:
 1712                 panic("pmap_invalidate_page: unknown type: %d", pmap->pm_type);
 1713         }
 1714 }
 1715 
 1716 PMAP_INLINE void
 1717 pmap_invalidate_range(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t sva, vm_offset_t eva)
 1718 {
 1719         vm_offset_t addr;
 1720 
 1721         switch (pmap->pm_type) {
 1722         case PT_X86:
 1723                 if (pmap == kernel_pmap || !CPU_EMPTY(&pmap->pm_active))
 1724                         for (addr = sva; addr < eva; addr += PAGE_SIZE)
 1725                                 invlpg(addr);
 1726                 break;
 1727         case PT_RVI:
 1728         case PT_EPT:
 1729                 pmap->pm_eptgen++;
 1730                 break;
 1731         default:
 1732                 panic("pmap_invalidate_range: unknown type: %d", pmap->pm_type);
 1733         }
 1734 }
 1735 
 1736 PMAP_INLINE void
 1737 pmap_invalidate_all(pmap_t pmap)
 1738 {
 1739 
 1740         switch (pmap->pm_type) {
 1741         case PT_X86:
 1742                 if (pmap == kernel_pmap || !CPU_EMPTY(&pmap->pm_active))
 1743                         invltlb();
 1744                 break;
 1745         case PT_RVI:
 1746         case PT_EPT:
 1747                 pmap->pm_eptgen++;
 1748                 break;
 1749         default:
 1750                 panic("pmap_invalidate_all: unknown type %d", pmap->pm_type);
 1751         }
 1752 }
 1753 
 1754 PMAP_INLINE void
 1755 pmap_invalidate_cache(void)
 1756 {
 1757 
 1758         wbinvd();
 1759 }
 1760 
 1761 static void
 1762 pmap_update_pde(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, pd_entry_t *pde, pd_entry_t newpde)
 1763 {
 1764 
 1765         pmap_update_pde_store(pmap, pde, newpde);
 1766         if (pmap == kernel_pmap || !CPU_EMPTY(&pmap->pm_active))
 1767                 pmap_update_pde_invalidate(pmap, va, newpde);
 1768         else
 1769                 CPU_ZERO(&pmap->pm_save);
 1770 }
 1771 #endif /* !SMP */
 1772 
 1773 #define PMAP_CLFLUSH_THRESHOLD   (2 * 1024 * 1024)
 1774 
 1775 void
 1776 pmap_invalidate_cache_range(vm_offset_t sva, vm_offset_t eva, boolean_t force)
 1777 {
 1778 
 1779         if (force) {
 1780                 sva &= ~(vm_offset_t)cpu_clflush_line_size;
 1781         } else {
 1782                 KASSERT((sva & PAGE_MASK) == 0,
 1783                     ("pmap_invalidate_cache_range: sva not page-aligned"));
 1784                 KASSERT((eva & PAGE_MASK) == 0,
 1785                     ("pmap_invalidate_cache_range: eva not page-aligned"));
 1786         }
 1787 
 1788         if ((cpu_feature & CPUID_SS) != 0 && !force)
 1789                 ; /* If "Self Snoop" is supported and allowed, do nothing. */
 1790         else if ((cpu_feature & CPUID_CLFSH) != 0 &&
 1791             eva - sva < PMAP_CLFLUSH_THRESHOLD) {
 1792 
 1793                 /*
 1794                  * XXX: Some CPUs fault, hang, or trash the local APIC
 1795                  * registers if we use CLFLUSH on the local APIC
 1796                  * range.  The local APIC is always uncached, so we
 1797                  * don't need to flush for that range anyway.
 1798                  */
 1799                 if (pmap_kextract(sva) == lapic_paddr)
 1800                         return;
 1801 
 1802                 /*
 1803                  * Otherwise, do per-cache line flush.  Use the mfence
 1804                  * instruction to insure that previous stores are
 1805                  * included in the write-back.  The processor
 1806                  * propagates flush to other processors in the cache
 1807                  * coherence domain.
 1808                  */
 1809                 mfence();
 1810                 for (; sva < eva; sva += cpu_clflush_line_size)
 1811                         clflush(sva);
 1812                 mfence();
 1813         } else {
 1814 
 1815                 /*
 1816                  * No targeted cache flush methods are supported by CPU,
 1817                  * or the supplied range is bigger than 2MB.
 1818                  * Globally invalidate cache.
 1819                  */
 1820                 pmap_invalidate_cache();
 1821         }
 1822 }
 1823 
 1824 /*
 1825  * Remove the specified set of pages from the data and instruction caches.
 1826  *
 1827  * In contrast to pmap_invalidate_cache_range(), this function does not
 1828  * rely on the CPU's self-snoop feature, because it is intended for use
 1829  * when moving pages into a different cache domain.
 1830  */
 1831 void
 1832 pmap_invalidate_cache_pages(vm_page_t *pages, int count)
 1833 {
 1834         vm_offset_t daddr, eva;
 1835         int i;
 1836 
 1837         if (count >= PMAP_CLFLUSH_THRESHOLD / PAGE_SIZE ||
 1838             (cpu_feature & CPUID_CLFSH) == 0)
 1839                 pmap_invalidate_cache();
 1840         else {
 1841                 mfence();
 1842                 for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
 1843                         daddr = PHYS_TO_DMAP(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(pages[i]));
 1844                         eva = daddr + PAGE_SIZE;
 1845                         for (; daddr < eva; daddr += cpu_clflush_line_size)
 1846                                 clflush(daddr);
 1847                 }
 1848                 mfence();
 1849         }
 1850 }
 1851 
 1852 /*
 1853  *      Routine:        pmap_extract
 1854  *      Function:
 1855  *              Extract the physical page address associated
 1856  *              with the given map/virtual_address pair.
 1857  */
 1858 vm_paddr_t 
 1859 pmap_extract(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va)
 1860 {
 1861         pdp_entry_t *pdpe;
 1862         pd_entry_t *pde;
 1863         pt_entry_t *pte, PG_V;
 1864         vm_paddr_t pa;
 1865 
 1866         pa = 0;
 1867         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 1868         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 1869         pdpe = pmap_pdpe(pmap, va);
 1870         if (pdpe != NULL && (*pdpe & PG_V) != 0) {
 1871                 if ((*pdpe & PG_PS) != 0)
 1872                         pa = (*pdpe & PG_PS_FRAME) | (va & PDPMASK);
 1873                 else {
 1874                         pde = pmap_pdpe_to_pde(pdpe, va);
 1875                         if ((*pde & PG_V) != 0) {
 1876                                 if ((*pde & PG_PS) != 0) {
 1877                                         pa = (*pde & PG_PS_FRAME) |
 1878                                             (va & PDRMASK);
 1879                                 } else {
 1880                                         pte = pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, va);
 1881                                         pa = (*pte & PG_FRAME) |
 1882                                             (va & PAGE_MASK);
 1883                                 }
 1884                         }
 1885                 }
 1886         }
 1887         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 1888         return (pa);
 1889 }
 1890 
 1891 /*
 1892  *      Routine:        pmap_extract_and_hold
 1893  *      Function:
 1894  *              Atomically extract and hold the physical page
 1895  *              with the given pmap and virtual address pair
 1896  *              if that mapping permits the given protection.
 1897  */
 1898 vm_page_t
 1899 pmap_extract_and_hold(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, vm_prot_t prot)
 1900 {
 1901         pd_entry_t pde, *pdep;
 1902         pt_entry_t pte, PG_RW, PG_V;
 1903         vm_paddr_t pa;
 1904         vm_page_t m;
 1905 
 1906         pa = 0;
 1907         m = NULL;
 1908         PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 1909         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 1910         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 1911 retry:
 1912         pdep = pmap_pde(pmap, va);
 1913         if (pdep != NULL && (pde = *pdep)) {
 1914                 if (pde & PG_PS) {
 1915                         if ((pde & PG_RW) || (prot & VM_PROT_WRITE) == 0) {
 1916                                 if (vm_page_pa_tryrelock(pmap, (pde &
 1917                                     PG_PS_FRAME) | (va & PDRMASK), &pa))
 1918                                         goto retry;
 1919                                 m = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE((pde & PG_PS_FRAME) |
 1920                                     (va & PDRMASK));
 1921                                 vm_page_hold(m);
 1922                         }
 1923                 } else {
 1924                         pte = *pmap_pde_to_pte(pdep, va);
 1925                         if ((pte & PG_V) &&
 1926                             ((pte & PG_RW) || (prot & VM_PROT_WRITE) == 0)) {
 1927                                 if (vm_page_pa_tryrelock(pmap, pte & PG_FRAME,
 1928                                     &pa))
 1929                                         goto retry;
 1930                                 m = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(pte & PG_FRAME);
 1931                                 vm_page_hold(m);
 1932                         }
 1933                 }
 1934         }
 1935         PA_UNLOCK_COND(pa);
 1936         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 1937         return (m);
 1938 }
 1939 
 1940 vm_paddr_t
 1941 pmap_kextract(vm_offset_t va)
 1942 {
 1943         pd_entry_t pde;
 1944         vm_paddr_t pa;
 1945 
 1946         if (va >= DMAP_MIN_ADDRESS && va < DMAP_MAX_ADDRESS) {
 1947                 pa = DMAP_TO_PHYS(va);
 1948         } else {
 1949                 pde = *vtopde(va);
 1950                 if (pde & PG_PS) {
 1951                         pa = (pde & PG_PS_FRAME) | (va & PDRMASK);
 1952                 } else {
 1953                         /*
 1954                          * Beware of a concurrent promotion that changes the
 1955                          * PDE at this point!  For example, vtopte() must not
 1956                          * be used to access the PTE because it would use the
 1957                          * new PDE.  It is, however, safe to use the old PDE
 1958                          * because the page table page is preserved by the
 1959                          * promotion.
 1960                          */
 1961                         pa = *pmap_pde_to_pte(&pde, va);
 1962                         pa = (pa & PG_FRAME) | (va & PAGE_MASK);
 1963                 }
 1964         }
 1965         return (pa);
 1966 }
 1967 
 1968 /***************************************************
 1969  * Low level mapping routines.....
 1970  ***************************************************/
 1971 
 1972 /*
 1973  * Add a wired page to the kva.
 1974  * Note: not SMP coherent.
 1975  */
 1976 PMAP_INLINE void 
 1977 pmap_kenter(vm_offset_t va, vm_paddr_t pa)
 1978 {
 1979         pt_entry_t *pte;
 1980 
 1981         pte = vtopte(va);
 1982         pte_store(pte, pa | X86_PG_RW | X86_PG_V | X86_PG_G);
 1983 }
 1984 
 1985 static __inline void
 1986 pmap_kenter_attr(vm_offset_t va, vm_paddr_t pa, int mode)
 1987 {
 1988         pt_entry_t *pte;
 1989         int cache_bits;
 1990 
 1991         pte = vtopte(va);
 1992         cache_bits = pmap_cache_bits(kernel_pmap, mode, 0);
 1993         pte_store(pte, pa | X86_PG_RW | X86_PG_V | X86_PG_G | cache_bits);
 1994 }
 1995 
 1996 /*
 1997  * Remove a page from the kernel pagetables.
 1998  * Note: not SMP coherent.
 1999  */
 2000 PMAP_INLINE void
 2001 pmap_kremove(vm_offset_t va)
 2002 {
 2003         pt_entry_t *pte;
 2004 
 2005         pte = vtopte(va);
 2006         pte_clear(pte);
 2007 }
 2008 
 2009 /*
 2010  *      Used to map a range of physical addresses into kernel
 2011  *      virtual address space.
 2012  *
 2013  *      The value passed in '*virt' is a suggested virtual address for
 2014  *      the mapping. Architectures which can support a direct-mapped
 2015  *      physical to virtual region can return the appropriate address
 2016  *      within that region, leaving '*virt' unchanged. Other
 2017  *      architectures should map the pages starting at '*virt' and
 2018  *      update '*virt' with the first usable address after the mapped
 2019  *      region.
 2020  */
 2021 vm_offset_t
 2022 pmap_map(vm_offset_t *virt, vm_paddr_t start, vm_paddr_t end, int prot)
 2023 {
 2024         return PHYS_TO_DMAP(start);
 2025 }
 2026 
 2027 
 2028 /*
 2029  * Add a list of wired pages to the kva
 2030  * this routine is only used for temporary
 2031  * kernel mappings that do not need to have
 2032  * page modification or references recorded.
 2033  * Note that old mappings are simply written
 2034  * over.  The page *must* be wired.
 2035  * Note: SMP coherent.  Uses a ranged shootdown IPI.
 2036  */
 2037 void
 2038 pmap_qenter(vm_offset_t sva, vm_page_t *ma, int count)
 2039 {
 2040         pt_entry_t *endpte, oldpte, pa, *pte;
 2041         vm_page_t m;
 2042         int cache_bits;
 2043 
 2044         oldpte = 0;
 2045         pte = vtopte(sva);
 2046         endpte = pte + count;
 2047         while (pte < endpte) {
 2048                 m = *ma++;
 2049                 cache_bits = pmap_cache_bits(kernel_pmap, m->md.pat_mode, 0);
 2050                 pa = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m) | cache_bits;
 2051                 if ((*pte & (PG_FRAME | X86_PG_PTE_CACHE)) != pa) {
 2052                         oldpte |= *pte;
 2053                         pte_store(pte, pa | X86_PG_G | X86_PG_RW | X86_PG_V);
 2054                 }
 2055                 pte++;
 2056         }
 2057         if (__predict_false((oldpte & X86_PG_V) != 0))
 2058                 pmap_invalidate_range(kernel_pmap, sva, sva + count *
 2059                     PAGE_SIZE);
 2060 }
 2061 
 2062 /*
 2063  * This routine tears out page mappings from the
 2064  * kernel -- it is meant only for temporary mappings.
 2065  * Note: SMP coherent.  Uses a ranged shootdown IPI.
 2066  */
 2067 void
 2068 pmap_qremove(vm_offset_t sva, int count)
 2069 {
 2070         vm_offset_t va;
 2071 
 2072         va = sva;
 2073         while (count-- > 0) {
 2074                 KASSERT(va >= VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS, ("usermode va %lx", va));
 2075                 pmap_kremove(va);
 2076                 va += PAGE_SIZE;
 2077         }
 2078         pmap_invalidate_range(kernel_pmap, sva, va);
 2079 }
 2080 
 2081 /***************************************************
 2082  * Page table page management routines.....
 2083  ***************************************************/
 2084 static __inline void
 2085 pmap_free_zero_pages(struct spglist *free)
 2086 {
 2087         vm_page_t m;
 2088 
 2089         while ((m = SLIST_FIRST(free)) != NULL) {
 2090                 SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(free, plinks.s.ss);
 2091                 /* Preserve the page's PG_ZERO setting. */
 2092                 vm_page_free_toq(m);
 2093         }
 2094 }
 2095 
 2096 /*
 2097  * Schedule the specified unused page table page to be freed.  Specifically,
 2098  * add the page to the specified list of pages that will be released to the
 2099  * physical memory manager after the TLB has been updated.
 2100  */
 2101 static __inline void
 2102 pmap_add_delayed_free_list(vm_page_t m, struct spglist *free,
 2103     boolean_t set_PG_ZERO)
 2104 {
 2105 
 2106         if (set_PG_ZERO)
 2107                 m->flags |= PG_ZERO;
 2108         else
 2109                 m->flags &= ~PG_ZERO;
 2110         SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(free, m, plinks.s.ss);
 2111 }
 2112         
 2113 /*
 2114  * Inserts the specified page table page into the specified pmap's collection
 2115  * of idle page table pages.  Each of a pmap's page table pages is responsible
 2116  * for mapping a distinct range of virtual addresses.  The pmap's collection is
 2117  * ordered by this virtual address range.
 2118  */
 2119 static __inline int
 2120 pmap_insert_pt_page(pmap_t pmap, vm_page_t mpte)
 2121 {
 2122 
 2123         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
 2124         return (vm_radix_insert(&pmap->pm_root, mpte));
 2125 }
 2126 
 2127 /*
 2128  * Looks for a page table page mapping the specified virtual address in the
 2129  * specified pmap's collection of idle page table pages.  Returns NULL if there
 2130  * is no page table page corresponding to the specified virtual address.
 2131  */
 2132 static __inline vm_page_t
 2133 pmap_lookup_pt_page(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va)
 2134 {
 2135 
 2136         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
 2137         return (vm_radix_lookup(&pmap->pm_root, pmap_pde_pindex(va)));
 2138 }
 2139 
 2140 /*
 2141  * Removes the specified page table page from the specified pmap's collection
 2142  * of idle page table pages.  The specified page table page must be a member of
 2143  * the pmap's collection.
 2144  */
 2145 static __inline void
 2146 pmap_remove_pt_page(pmap_t pmap, vm_page_t mpte)
 2147 {
 2148 
 2149         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
 2150         vm_radix_remove(&pmap->pm_root, mpte->pindex);
 2151 }
 2152 
 2153 /*
 2154  * Decrements a page table page's wire count, which is used to record the
 2155  * number of valid page table entries within the page.  If the wire count
 2156  * drops to zero, then the page table page is unmapped.  Returns TRUE if the
 2157  * page table page was unmapped and FALSE otherwise.
 2158  */
 2159 static inline boolean_t
 2160 pmap_unwire_ptp(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, vm_page_t m, struct spglist *free)
 2161 {
 2162 
 2163         --m->wire_count;
 2164         if (m->wire_count == 0) {
 2165                 _pmap_unwire_ptp(pmap, va, m, free);
 2166                 return (TRUE);
 2167         } else
 2168                 return (FALSE);
 2169 }
 2170 
 2171 static void
 2172 _pmap_unwire_ptp(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, vm_page_t m, struct spglist *free)
 2173 {
 2174 
 2175         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
 2176         /*
 2177          * unmap the page table page
 2178          */
 2179         if (m->pindex >= (NUPDE + NUPDPE)) {
 2180                 /* PDP page */
 2181                 pml4_entry_t *pml4;
 2182                 pml4 = pmap_pml4e(pmap, va);
 2183                 *pml4 = 0;
 2184         } else if (m->pindex >= NUPDE) {
 2185                 /* PD page */
 2186                 pdp_entry_t *pdp;
 2187                 pdp = pmap_pdpe(pmap, va);
 2188                 *pdp = 0;
 2189         } else {
 2190                 /* PTE page */
 2191                 pd_entry_t *pd;
 2192                 pd = pmap_pde(pmap, va);
 2193                 *pd = 0;
 2194         }
 2195         pmap_resident_count_dec(pmap, 1);
 2196         if (m->pindex < NUPDE) {
 2197                 /* We just released a PT, unhold the matching PD */
 2198                 vm_page_t pdpg;
 2199 
 2200                 pdpg = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(*pmap_pdpe(pmap, va) & PG_FRAME);
 2201                 pmap_unwire_ptp(pmap, va, pdpg, free);
 2202         }
 2203         if (m->pindex >= NUPDE && m->pindex < (NUPDE + NUPDPE)) {
 2204                 /* We just released a PD, unhold the matching PDP */
 2205                 vm_page_t pdppg;
 2206 
 2207                 pdppg = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(*pmap_pml4e(pmap, va) & PG_FRAME);
 2208                 pmap_unwire_ptp(pmap, va, pdppg, free);
 2209         }
 2210 
 2211         /*
 2212          * This is a release store so that the ordinary store unmapping
 2213          * the page table page is globally performed before TLB shoot-
 2214          * down is begun.
 2215          */
 2216         atomic_subtract_rel_int(&cnt.v_wire_count, 1);
 2217 
 2218         /* 
 2219          * Put page on a list so that it is released after
 2220          * *ALL* TLB shootdown is done
 2221          */
 2222         pmap_add_delayed_free_list(m, free, TRUE);
 2223 }
 2224 
 2225 /*
 2226  * After removing a page table entry, this routine is used to
 2227  * conditionally free the page, and manage the hold/wire counts.
 2228  */
 2229 static int
 2230 pmap_unuse_pt(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, pd_entry_t ptepde,
 2231     struct spglist *free)
 2232 {
 2233         vm_page_t mpte;
 2234 
 2235         if (va >= VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS)
 2236                 return (0);
 2237         KASSERT(ptepde != 0, ("pmap_unuse_pt: ptepde != 0"));
 2238         mpte = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(ptepde & PG_FRAME);
 2239         return (pmap_unwire_ptp(pmap, va, mpte, free));
 2240 }
 2241 
 2242 void
 2243 pmap_pinit0(pmap_t pmap)
 2244 {
 2245 
 2246         PMAP_LOCK_INIT(pmap);
 2247         pmap->pm_pml4 = (pml4_entry_t *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(KPML4phys);
 2248         pmap->pm_cr3 = KPML4phys;
 2249         pmap->pm_root.rt_root = 0;
 2250         CPU_ZERO(&pmap->pm_active);
 2251         CPU_ZERO(&pmap->pm_save);
 2252         PCPU_SET(curpmap, pmap);
 2253         TAILQ_INIT(&pmap->pm_pvchunk);
 2254         bzero(&pmap->pm_stats, sizeof pmap->pm_stats);
 2255         pmap->pm_pcid = pmap_pcid_enabled ? 0 : -1;
 2256         pmap->pm_flags = pmap_flags;
 2257 }
 2258 
 2259 /*
 2260  * Initialize a preallocated and zeroed pmap structure,
 2261  * such as one in a vmspace structure.
 2262  */
 2263 int
 2264 pmap_pinit_type(pmap_t pmap, enum pmap_type pm_type, int flags)
 2265 {
 2266         vm_page_t pml4pg;
 2267         vm_paddr_t pml4phys;
 2268         int i;
 2269 
 2270         /*
 2271          * allocate the page directory page
 2272          */
 2273         while ((pml4pg = vm_page_alloc(NULL, 0, VM_ALLOC_NORMAL |
 2274             VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ | VM_ALLOC_WIRED | VM_ALLOC_ZERO)) == NULL)
 2275                 VM_WAIT;
 2276 
 2277         pml4phys = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(pml4pg);
 2278         pmap->pm_pml4 = (pml4_entry_t *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(pml4phys);
 2279         pmap->pm_pcid = -1;
 2280         pmap->pm_cr3 = ~0;      /* initialize to an invalid value */
 2281 
 2282         if ((pml4pg->flags & PG_ZERO) == 0)
 2283                 pagezero(pmap->pm_pml4);
 2284 
 2285         /*
 2286          * Do not install the host kernel mappings in the nested page
 2287          * tables. These mappings are meaningless in the guest physical
 2288          * address space.
 2289          */
 2290         if ((pmap->pm_type = pm_type) == PT_X86) {
 2291                 pmap->pm_cr3 = pml4phys;
 2292 
 2293                 /* Wire in kernel global address entries. */
 2294                 for (i = 0; i < NKPML4E; i++) {
 2295                         pmap->pm_pml4[KPML4BASE + i] = (KPDPphys + ptoa(i)) |
 2296                             X86_PG_RW | X86_PG_V | PG_U;
 2297                 }
 2298                 for (i = 0; i < ndmpdpphys; i++) {
 2299                         pmap->pm_pml4[DMPML4I + i] = (DMPDPphys + ptoa(i)) |
 2300                             X86_PG_RW | X86_PG_V | PG_U;
 2301                 }
 2302 
 2303                 /* install self-referential address mapping entry(s) */
 2304                 pmap->pm_pml4[PML4PML4I] = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(pml4pg) |
 2305                     X86_PG_V | X86_PG_RW | X86_PG_A | X86_PG_M;
 2306 
 2307                 if (pmap_pcid_enabled) {
 2308                         pmap->pm_pcid = alloc_unr(&pcid_unr);
 2309                         if (pmap->pm_pcid != -1)
 2310                                 pmap->pm_cr3 |= pmap->pm_pcid;
 2311                 }
 2312         }
 2313 
 2314         pmap->pm_root.rt_root = 0;
 2315         CPU_ZERO(&pmap->pm_active);
 2316         TAILQ_INIT(&pmap->pm_pvchunk);
 2317         bzero(&pmap->pm_stats, sizeof pmap->pm_stats);
 2318         pmap->pm_flags = flags;
 2319         pmap->pm_eptgen = 0;
 2320         CPU_ZERO(&pmap->pm_save);
 2321 
 2322         return (1);
 2323 }
 2324 
 2325 int
 2326 pmap_pinit(pmap_t pmap)
 2327 {
 2328 
 2329         return (pmap_pinit_type(pmap, PT_X86, pmap_flags));
 2330 }
 2331 
 2332 /*
 2333  * This routine is called if the desired page table page does not exist.
 2334  *
 2335  * If page table page allocation fails, this routine may sleep before
 2336  * returning NULL.  It sleeps only if a lock pointer was given.
 2337  *
 2338  * Note: If a page allocation fails at page table level two or three,
 2339  * one or two pages may be held during the wait, only to be released
 2340  * afterwards.  This conservative approach is easily argued to avoid
 2341  * race conditions.
 2342  */
 2343 static vm_page_t
 2344 _pmap_allocpte(pmap_t pmap, vm_pindex_t ptepindex, struct rwlock **lockp)
 2345 {
 2346         vm_page_t m, pdppg, pdpg;
 2347         pt_entry_t PG_A, PG_M, PG_RW, PG_V;
 2348 
 2349         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
 2350 
 2351         PG_A = pmap_accessed_bit(pmap);
 2352         PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(pmap);
 2353         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 2354         PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 2355 
 2356         /*
 2357          * Allocate a page table page.
 2358          */
 2359         if ((m = vm_page_alloc(NULL, ptepindex, VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ |
 2360             VM_ALLOC_WIRED | VM_ALLOC_ZERO)) == NULL) {
 2361                 if (lockp != NULL) {
 2362                         RELEASE_PV_LIST_LOCK(lockp);
 2363                         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 2364                         rw_runlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 2365                         VM_WAIT;
 2366                         rw_rlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 2367                         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 2368                 }
 2369 
 2370                 /*
 2371                  * Indicate the need to retry.  While waiting, the page table
 2372                  * page may have been allocated.
 2373                  */
 2374                 return (NULL);
 2375         }
 2376         if ((m->flags & PG_ZERO) == 0)
 2377                 pmap_zero_page(m);
 2378 
 2379         /*
 2380          * Map the pagetable page into the process address space, if
 2381          * it isn't already there.
 2382          */
 2383 
 2384         if (ptepindex >= (NUPDE + NUPDPE)) {
 2385                 pml4_entry_t *pml4;
 2386                 vm_pindex_t pml4index;
 2387 
 2388                 /* Wire up a new PDPE page */
 2389                 pml4index = ptepindex - (NUPDE + NUPDPE);
 2390                 pml4 = &pmap->pm_pml4[pml4index];
 2391                 *pml4 = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m) | PG_U | PG_RW | PG_V | PG_A | PG_M;
 2392 
 2393         } else if (ptepindex >= NUPDE) {
 2394                 vm_pindex_t pml4index;
 2395                 vm_pindex_t pdpindex;
 2396                 pml4_entry_t *pml4;
 2397                 pdp_entry_t *pdp;
 2398 
 2399                 /* Wire up a new PDE page */
 2400                 pdpindex = ptepindex - NUPDE;
 2401                 pml4index = pdpindex >> NPML4EPGSHIFT;
 2402 
 2403                 pml4 = &pmap->pm_pml4[pml4index];
 2404                 if ((*pml4 & PG_V) == 0) {
 2405                         /* Have to allocate a new pdp, recurse */
 2406                         if (_pmap_allocpte(pmap, NUPDE + NUPDPE + pml4index,
 2407                             lockp) == NULL) {
 2408                                 --m->wire_count;
 2409                                 atomic_subtract_int(&cnt.v_wire_count, 1);
 2410                                 vm_page_free_zero(m);
 2411                                 return (NULL);
 2412                         }
 2413                 } else {
 2414                         /* Add reference to pdp page */
 2415                         pdppg = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(*pml4 & PG_FRAME);
 2416                         pdppg->wire_count++;
 2417                 }
 2418                 pdp = (pdp_entry_t *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(*pml4 & PG_FRAME);
 2419 
 2420                 /* Now find the pdp page */
 2421                 pdp = &pdp[pdpindex & ((1ul << NPDPEPGSHIFT) - 1)];
 2422                 *pdp = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m) | PG_U | PG_RW | PG_V | PG_A | PG_M;
 2423 
 2424         } else {
 2425                 vm_pindex_t pml4index;
 2426                 vm_pindex_t pdpindex;
 2427                 pml4_entry_t *pml4;
 2428                 pdp_entry_t *pdp;
 2429                 pd_entry_t *pd;
 2430 
 2431                 /* Wire up a new PTE page */
 2432                 pdpindex = ptepindex >> NPDPEPGSHIFT;
 2433                 pml4index = pdpindex >> NPML4EPGSHIFT;
 2434 
 2435                 /* First, find the pdp and check that its valid. */
 2436                 pml4 = &pmap->pm_pml4[pml4index];
 2437                 if ((*pml4 & PG_V) == 0) {
 2438                         /* Have to allocate a new pd, recurse */
 2439                         if (_pmap_allocpte(pmap, NUPDE + pdpindex,
 2440                             lockp) == NULL) {
 2441                                 --m->wire_count;
 2442                                 atomic_subtract_int(&cnt.v_wire_count, 1);
 2443                                 vm_page_free_zero(m);
 2444                                 return (NULL);
 2445                         }
 2446                         pdp = (pdp_entry_t *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(*pml4 & PG_FRAME);
 2447                         pdp = &pdp[pdpindex & ((1ul << NPDPEPGSHIFT) - 1)];
 2448                 } else {
 2449                         pdp = (pdp_entry_t *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(*pml4 & PG_FRAME);
 2450                         pdp = &pdp[pdpindex & ((1ul << NPDPEPGSHIFT) - 1)];
 2451                         if ((*pdp & PG_V) == 0) {
 2452                                 /* Have to allocate a new pd, recurse */
 2453                                 if (_pmap_allocpte(pmap, NUPDE + pdpindex,
 2454                                     lockp) == NULL) {
 2455                                         --m->wire_count;
 2456                                         atomic_subtract_int(&cnt.v_wire_count,
 2457                                             1);
 2458                                         vm_page_free_zero(m);
 2459                                         return (NULL);
 2460                                 }
 2461                         } else {
 2462                                 /* Add reference to the pd page */
 2463                                 pdpg = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(*pdp & PG_FRAME);
 2464                                 pdpg->wire_count++;
 2465                         }
 2466                 }
 2467                 pd = (pd_entry_t *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(*pdp & PG_FRAME);
 2468 
 2469                 /* Now we know where the page directory page is */
 2470                 pd = &pd[ptepindex & ((1ul << NPDEPGSHIFT) - 1)];
 2471                 *pd = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m) | PG_U | PG_RW | PG_V | PG_A | PG_M;
 2472         }
 2473 
 2474         pmap_resident_count_inc(pmap, 1);
 2475 
 2476         return (m);
 2477 }
 2478 
 2479 static vm_page_t
 2480 pmap_allocpde(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, struct rwlock **lockp)
 2481 {
 2482         vm_pindex_t pdpindex, ptepindex;
 2483         pdp_entry_t *pdpe, PG_V;
 2484         vm_page_t pdpg;
 2485 
 2486         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 2487 
 2488 retry:
 2489         pdpe = pmap_pdpe(pmap, va);
 2490         if (pdpe != NULL && (*pdpe & PG_V) != 0) {
 2491                 /* Add a reference to the pd page. */
 2492                 pdpg = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(*pdpe & PG_FRAME);
 2493                 pdpg->wire_count++;
 2494         } else {
 2495                 /* Allocate a pd page. */
 2496                 ptepindex = pmap_pde_pindex(va);
 2497                 pdpindex = ptepindex >> NPDPEPGSHIFT;
 2498                 pdpg = _pmap_allocpte(pmap, NUPDE + pdpindex, lockp);
 2499                 if (pdpg == NULL && lockp != NULL)
 2500                         goto retry;
 2501         }
 2502         return (pdpg);
 2503 }
 2504 
 2505 static vm_page_t
 2506 pmap_allocpte(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, struct rwlock **lockp)
 2507 {
 2508         vm_pindex_t ptepindex;
 2509         pd_entry_t *pd, PG_V;
 2510         vm_page_t m;
 2511 
 2512         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 2513 
 2514         /*
 2515          * Calculate pagetable page index
 2516          */
 2517         ptepindex = pmap_pde_pindex(va);
 2518 retry:
 2519         /*
 2520          * Get the page directory entry
 2521          */
 2522         pd = pmap_pde(pmap, va);
 2523 
 2524         /*
 2525          * This supports switching from a 2MB page to a
 2526          * normal 4K page.
 2527          */
 2528         if (pd != NULL && (*pd & (PG_PS | PG_V)) == (PG_PS | PG_V)) {
 2529                 if (!pmap_demote_pde_locked(pmap, pd, va, lockp)) {
 2530                         /*
 2531                          * Invalidation of the 2MB page mapping may have caused
 2532                          * the deallocation of the underlying PD page.
 2533                          */
 2534                         pd = NULL;
 2535                 }
 2536         }
 2537 
 2538         /*
 2539          * If the page table page is mapped, we just increment the
 2540          * hold count, and activate it.
 2541          */
 2542         if (pd != NULL && (*pd & PG_V) != 0) {
 2543                 m = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(*pd & PG_FRAME);
 2544                 m->wire_count++;
 2545         } else {
 2546                 /*
 2547                  * Here if the pte page isn't mapped, or if it has been
 2548                  * deallocated.
 2549                  */
 2550                 m = _pmap_allocpte(pmap, ptepindex, lockp);
 2551                 if (m == NULL && lockp != NULL)
 2552                         goto retry;
 2553         }
 2554         return (m);
 2555 }
 2556 
 2557 
 2558 /***************************************************
 2559  * Pmap allocation/deallocation routines.
 2560  ***************************************************/
 2561 
 2562 /*
 2563  * Release any resources held by the given physical map.
 2564  * Called when a pmap initialized by pmap_pinit is being released.
 2565  * Should only be called if the map contains no valid mappings.
 2566  */
 2567 void
 2568 pmap_release(pmap_t pmap)
 2569 {
 2570         vm_page_t m;
 2571         int i;
 2572 
 2573         KASSERT(pmap->pm_stats.resident_count == 0,
 2574             ("pmap_release: pmap resident count %ld != 0",
 2575             pmap->pm_stats.resident_count));
 2576         KASSERT(vm_radix_is_empty(&pmap->pm_root),
 2577             ("pmap_release: pmap has reserved page table page(s)"));
 2578 
 2579         if (pmap_pcid_enabled) {
 2580                 /*
 2581                  * Invalidate any left TLB entries, to allow the reuse
 2582                  * of the pcid.
 2583                  */
 2584                 pmap_invalidate_all(pmap);
 2585         }
 2586 
 2587         m = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(DMAP_TO_PHYS((vm_offset_t)pmap->pm_pml4));
 2588 
 2589         for (i = 0; i < NKPML4E; i++)   /* KVA */
 2590                 pmap->pm_pml4[KPML4BASE + i] = 0;
 2591         for (i = 0; i < ndmpdpphys; i++)/* Direct Map */
 2592                 pmap->pm_pml4[DMPML4I + i] = 0;
 2593         pmap->pm_pml4[PML4PML4I] = 0;   /* Recursive Mapping */
 2594 
 2595         m->wire_count--;
 2596         atomic_subtract_int(&cnt.v_wire_count, 1);
 2597         vm_page_free_zero(m);
 2598         if (pmap->pm_pcid != -1)
 2599                 free_unr(&pcid_unr, pmap->pm_pcid);
 2600 }
 2601 
 2602 static int
 2603 kvm_size(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
 2604 {
 2605         unsigned long ksize = VM_MAX_KERNEL_ADDRESS - VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS;
 2606 
 2607         return sysctl_handle_long(oidp, &ksize, 0, req);
 2608 }
 2609 SYSCTL_PROC(_vm, OID_AUTO, kvm_size, CTLTYPE_LONG|CTLFLAG_RD, 
 2610     0, 0, kvm_size, "LU", "Size of KVM");
 2611 
 2612 static int
 2613 kvm_free(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
 2614 {
 2615         unsigned long kfree = VM_MAX_KERNEL_ADDRESS - kernel_vm_end;
 2616 
 2617         return sysctl_handle_long(oidp, &kfree, 0, req);
 2618 }
 2619 SYSCTL_PROC(_vm, OID_AUTO, kvm_free, CTLTYPE_LONG|CTLFLAG_RD, 
 2620     0, 0, kvm_free, "LU", "Amount of KVM free");
 2621 
 2622 /*
 2623  * grow the number of kernel page table entries, if needed
 2624  */
 2625 void
 2626 pmap_growkernel(vm_offset_t addr)
 2627 {
 2628         vm_paddr_t paddr;
 2629         vm_page_t nkpg;
 2630         pd_entry_t *pde, newpdir;
 2631         pdp_entry_t *pdpe;
 2632 
 2633         mtx_assert(&kernel_map->system_mtx, MA_OWNED);
 2634 
 2635         /*
 2636          * Return if "addr" is within the range of kernel page table pages
 2637          * that were preallocated during pmap bootstrap.  Moreover, leave
 2638          * "kernel_vm_end" and the kernel page table as they were.
 2639          *
 2640          * The correctness of this action is based on the following
 2641          * argument: vm_map_insert() allocates contiguous ranges of the
 2642          * kernel virtual address space.  It calls this function if a range
 2643          * ends after "kernel_vm_end".  If the kernel is mapped between
 2644          * "kernel_vm_end" and "addr", then the range cannot begin at
 2645          * "kernel_vm_end".  In fact, its beginning address cannot be less
 2646          * than the kernel.  Thus, there is no immediate need to allocate
 2647          * any new kernel page table pages between "kernel_vm_end" and
 2648          * "KERNBASE".
 2649          */
 2650         if (KERNBASE < addr && addr <= KERNBASE + nkpt * NBPDR)
 2651                 return;
 2652 
 2653         addr = roundup2(addr, NBPDR);
 2654         if (addr - 1 >= kernel_map->max_offset)
 2655                 addr = kernel_map->max_offset;
 2656         while (kernel_vm_end < addr) {
 2657                 pdpe = pmap_pdpe(kernel_pmap, kernel_vm_end);
 2658                 if ((*pdpe & X86_PG_V) == 0) {
 2659                         /* We need a new PDP entry */
 2660                         nkpg = vm_page_alloc(NULL, kernel_vm_end >> PDPSHIFT,
 2661                             VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT | VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ |
 2662                             VM_ALLOC_WIRED | VM_ALLOC_ZERO);
 2663                         if (nkpg == NULL)
 2664                                 panic("pmap_growkernel: no memory to grow kernel");
 2665                         if ((nkpg->flags & PG_ZERO) == 0)
 2666                                 pmap_zero_page(nkpg);
 2667                         paddr = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(nkpg);
 2668                         *pdpe = (pdp_entry_t)(paddr | X86_PG_V | X86_PG_RW |
 2669                             X86_PG_A | X86_PG_M);
 2670                         continue; /* try again */
 2671                 }
 2672                 pde = pmap_pdpe_to_pde(pdpe, kernel_vm_end);
 2673                 if ((*pde & X86_PG_V) != 0) {
 2674                         kernel_vm_end = (kernel_vm_end + NBPDR) & ~PDRMASK;
 2675                         if (kernel_vm_end - 1 >= kernel_map->max_offset) {
 2676                                 kernel_vm_end = kernel_map->max_offset;
 2677                                 break;                       
 2678                         }
 2679                         continue;
 2680                 }
 2681 
 2682                 nkpg = vm_page_alloc(NULL, pmap_pde_pindex(kernel_vm_end),
 2683                     VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT | VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ | VM_ALLOC_WIRED |
 2684                     VM_ALLOC_ZERO);
 2685                 if (nkpg == NULL)
 2686                         panic("pmap_growkernel: no memory to grow kernel");
 2687                 if ((nkpg->flags & PG_ZERO) == 0)
 2688                         pmap_zero_page(nkpg);
 2689                 paddr = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(nkpg);
 2690                 newpdir = paddr | X86_PG_V | X86_PG_RW | X86_PG_A | X86_PG_M;
 2691                 pde_store(pde, newpdir);
 2692 
 2693                 kernel_vm_end = (kernel_vm_end + NBPDR) & ~PDRMASK;
 2694                 if (kernel_vm_end - 1 >= kernel_map->max_offset) {
 2695                         kernel_vm_end = kernel_map->max_offset;
 2696                         break;                       
 2697                 }
 2698         }
 2699 }
 2700 
 2701 
 2702 /***************************************************
 2703  * page management routines.
 2704  ***************************************************/
 2705 
 2706 CTASSERT(sizeof(struct pv_chunk) == PAGE_SIZE);
 2707 CTASSERT(_NPCM == 3);
 2708 CTASSERT(_NPCPV == 168);
 2709 
 2710 static __inline struct pv_chunk *
 2711 pv_to_chunk(pv_entry_t pv)
 2712 {
 2713 
 2714         return ((struct pv_chunk *)((uintptr_t)pv & ~(uintptr_t)PAGE_MASK));
 2715 }
 2716 
 2717 #define PV_PMAP(pv) (pv_to_chunk(pv)->pc_pmap)
 2718 
 2719 #define PC_FREE0        0xfffffffffffffffful
 2720 #define PC_FREE1        0xfffffffffffffffful
 2721 #define PC_FREE2        0x000000fffffffffful
 2722 
 2723 static const uint64_t pc_freemask[_NPCM] = { PC_FREE0, PC_FREE1, PC_FREE2 };
 2724 
 2725 #ifdef PV_STATS
 2726 static int pc_chunk_count, pc_chunk_allocs, pc_chunk_frees, pc_chunk_tryfail;
 2727 
 2728 SYSCTL_INT(_vm_pmap, OID_AUTO, pc_chunk_count, CTLFLAG_RD, &pc_chunk_count, 0,
 2729         "Current number of pv entry chunks");
 2730 SYSCTL_INT(_vm_pmap, OID_AUTO, pc_chunk_allocs, CTLFLAG_RD, &pc_chunk_allocs, 0,
 2731         "Current number of pv entry chunks allocated");
 2732 SYSCTL_INT(_vm_pmap, OID_AUTO, pc_chunk_frees, CTLFLAG_RD, &pc_chunk_frees, 0,
 2733         "Current number of pv entry chunks frees");
 2734 SYSCTL_INT(_vm_pmap, OID_AUTO, pc_chunk_tryfail, CTLFLAG_RD, &pc_chunk_tryfail, 0,
 2735         "Number of times tried to get a chunk page but failed.");
 2736 
 2737 static long pv_entry_frees, pv_entry_allocs, pv_entry_count;
 2738 static int pv_entry_spare;
 2739 
 2740 SYSCTL_LONG(_vm_pmap, OID_AUTO, pv_entry_frees, CTLFLAG_RD, &pv_entry_frees, 0,
 2741         "Current number of pv entry frees");
 2742 SYSCTL_LONG(_vm_pmap, OID_AUTO, pv_entry_allocs, CTLFLAG_RD, &pv_entry_allocs, 0,
 2743         "Current number of pv entry allocs");
 2744 SYSCTL_LONG(_vm_pmap, OID_AUTO, pv_entry_count, CTLFLAG_RD, &pv_entry_count, 0,
 2745         "Current number of pv entries");
 2746 SYSCTL_INT(_vm_pmap, OID_AUTO, pv_entry_spare, CTLFLAG_RD, &pv_entry_spare, 0,
 2747         "Current number of spare pv entries");
 2748 #endif
 2749 
 2750 /*
 2751  * We are in a serious low memory condition.  Resort to
 2752  * drastic measures to free some pages so we can allocate
 2753  * another pv entry chunk.
 2754  *
 2755  * Returns NULL if PV entries were reclaimed from the specified pmap.
 2756  *
 2757  * We do not, however, unmap 2mpages because subsequent accesses will
 2758  * allocate per-page pv entries until repromotion occurs, thereby
 2759  * exacerbating the shortage of free pv entries.
 2760  */
 2761 static vm_page_t
 2762 reclaim_pv_chunk(pmap_t locked_pmap, struct rwlock **lockp)
 2763 {
 2764         struct pch new_tail;
 2765         struct pv_chunk *pc;
 2766         struct md_page *pvh;
 2767         pd_entry_t *pde;
 2768         pmap_t pmap;
 2769         pt_entry_t *pte, tpte;
 2770         pt_entry_t PG_G, PG_A, PG_M, PG_RW;
 2771         pv_entry_t pv;
 2772         vm_offset_t va;
 2773         vm_page_t m, m_pc;
 2774         struct spglist free;
 2775         uint64_t inuse;
 2776         int bit, field, freed;
 2777 
 2778         rw_assert(&pvh_global_lock, RA_LOCKED);
 2779         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(locked_pmap, MA_OWNED);
 2780         KASSERT(lockp != NULL, ("reclaim_pv_chunk: lockp is NULL"));
 2781         pmap = NULL;
 2782         m_pc = NULL;
 2783         PG_G = PG_A = PG_M = PG_RW = 0;
 2784         SLIST_INIT(&free);
 2785         TAILQ_INIT(&new_tail);
 2786         mtx_lock(&pv_chunks_mutex);
 2787         while ((pc = TAILQ_FIRST(&pv_chunks)) != NULL && SLIST_EMPTY(&free)) {
 2788                 TAILQ_REMOVE(&pv_chunks, pc, pc_lru);
 2789                 mtx_unlock(&pv_chunks_mutex);
 2790                 if (pmap != pc->pc_pmap) {
 2791                         if (pmap != NULL) {
 2792                                 pmap_invalidate_all(pmap);
 2793                                 if (pmap != locked_pmap)
 2794                                         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 2795                         }
 2796                         pmap = pc->pc_pmap;
 2797                         /* Avoid deadlock and lock recursion. */
 2798                         if (pmap > locked_pmap) {
 2799                                 RELEASE_PV_LIST_LOCK(lockp);
 2800                                 PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 2801                         } else if (pmap != locked_pmap &&
 2802                             !PMAP_TRYLOCK(pmap)) {
 2803                                 pmap = NULL;
 2804                                 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&new_tail, pc, pc_lru);
 2805                                 mtx_lock(&pv_chunks_mutex);
 2806                                 continue;
 2807                         }
 2808                         PG_G = pmap_global_bit(pmap);
 2809                         PG_A = pmap_accessed_bit(pmap);
 2810                         PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(pmap);
 2811                         PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 2812                 }
 2813 
 2814                 /*
 2815                  * Destroy every non-wired, 4 KB page mapping in the chunk.
 2816                  */
 2817                 freed = 0;
 2818                 for (field = 0; field < _NPCM; field++) {
 2819                         for (inuse = ~pc->pc_map[field] & pc_freemask[field];
 2820                             inuse != 0; inuse &= ~(1UL << bit)) {
 2821                                 bit = bsfq(inuse);
 2822                                 pv = &pc->pc_pventry[field * 64 + bit];
 2823                                 va = pv->pv_va;
 2824                                 pde = pmap_pde(pmap, va);
 2825                                 if ((*pde & PG_PS) != 0)
 2826                                         continue;
 2827                                 pte = pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, va);
 2828                                 if ((*pte & PG_W) != 0)
 2829                                         continue;
 2830                                 tpte = pte_load_clear(pte);
 2831                                 if ((tpte & PG_G) != 0)
 2832                                         pmap_invalidate_page(pmap, va);
 2833                                 m = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(tpte & PG_FRAME);
 2834                                 if ((tpte & (PG_M | PG_RW)) == (PG_M | PG_RW))
 2835                                         vm_page_dirty(m);
 2836                                 if ((tpte & PG_A) != 0)
 2837                                         vm_page_aflag_set(m, PGA_REFERENCED);
 2838                                 CHANGE_PV_LIST_LOCK_TO_VM_PAGE(lockp, m);
 2839                                 TAILQ_REMOVE(&m->md.pv_list, pv, pv_next);
 2840                                 m->md.pv_gen++;
 2841                                 if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&m->md.pv_list) &&
 2842                                     (m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) == 0) {
 2843                                         pvh = pa_to_pvh(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m));
 2844                                         if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&pvh->pv_list)) {
 2845                                                 vm_page_aflag_clear(m,
 2846                                                     PGA_WRITEABLE);
 2847                                         }
 2848                                 }
 2849                                 pc->pc_map[field] |= 1UL << bit;
 2850                                 pmap_unuse_pt(pmap, va, *pde, &free);
 2851                                 freed++;
 2852                         }
 2853                 }
 2854                 if (freed == 0) {
 2855                         TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&new_tail, pc, pc_lru);
 2856                         mtx_lock(&pv_chunks_mutex);
 2857                         continue;
 2858                 }
 2859                 /* Every freed mapping is for a 4 KB page. */
 2860                 pmap_resident_count_dec(pmap, freed);
 2861                 PV_STAT(atomic_add_long(&pv_entry_frees, freed));
 2862                 PV_STAT(atomic_add_int(&pv_entry_spare, freed));
 2863                 PV_STAT(atomic_subtract_long(&pv_entry_count, freed));
 2864                 TAILQ_REMOVE(&pmap->pm_pvchunk, pc, pc_list);
 2865                 if (pc->pc_map[0] == PC_FREE0 && pc->pc_map[1] == PC_FREE1 &&
 2866                     pc->pc_map[2] == PC_FREE2) {
 2867                         PV_STAT(atomic_subtract_int(&pv_entry_spare, _NPCPV));
 2868                         PV_STAT(atomic_subtract_int(&pc_chunk_count, 1));
 2869                         PV_STAT(atomic_add_int(&pc_chunk_frees, 1));
 2870                         /* Entire chunk is free; return it. */
 2871                         m_pc = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(DMAP_TO_PHYS((vm_offset_t)pc));
 2872                         dump_drop_page(m_pc->phys_addr);
 2873                         mtx_lock(&pv_chunks_mutex);
 2874                         break;
 2875                 }
 2876                 TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&pmap->pm_pvchunk, pc, pc_list);
 2877                 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&new_tail, pc, pc_lru);
 2878                 mtx_lock(&pv_chunks_mutex);
 2879                 /* One freed pv entry in locked_pmap is sufficient. */
 2880                 if (pmap == locked_pmap)
 2881                         break;
 2882         }
 2883         TAILQ_CONCAT(&pv_chunks, &new_tail, pc_lru);
 2884         mtx_unlock(&pv_chunks_mutex);
 2885         if (pmap != NULL) {
 2886                 pmap_invalidate_all(pmap);
 2887                 if (pmap != locked_pmap)
 2888                         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 2889         }
 2890         if (m_pc == NULL && !SLIST_EMPTY(&free)) {
 2891                 m_pc = SLIST_FIRST(&free);
 2892                 SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(&free, plinks.s.ss);
 2893                 /* Recycle a freed page table page. */
 2894                 m_pc->wire_count = 1;
 2895                 atomic_add_int(&cnt.v_wire_count, 1);
 2896         }
 2897         pmap_free_zero_pages(&free);
 2898         return (m_pc);
 2899 }
 2900 
 2901 /*
 2902  * free the pv_entry back to the free list
 2903  */
 2904 static void
 2905 free_pv_entry(pmap_t pmap, pv_entry_t pv)
 2906 {
 2907         struct pv_chunk *pc;
 2908         int idx, field, bit;
 2909 
 2910         rw_assert(&pvh_global_lock, RA_LOCKED);
 2911         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
 2912         PV_STAT(atomic_add_long(&pv_entry_frees, 1));
 2913         PV_STAT(atomic_add_int(&pv_entry_spare, 1));
 2914         PV_STAT(atomic_subtract_long(&pv_entry_count, 1));
 2915         pc = pv_to_chunk(pv);
 2916         idx = pv - &pc->pc_pventry[0];
 2917         field = idx / 64;
 2918         bit = idx % 64;
 2919         pc->pc_map[field] |= 1ul << bit;
 2920         if (pc->pc_map[0] != PC_FREE0 || pc->pc_map[1] != PC_FREE1 ||
 2921             pc->pc_map[2] != PC_FREE2) {
 2922                 /* 98% of the time, pc is already at the head of the list. */
 2923                 if (__predict_false(pc != TAILQ_FIRST(&pmap->pm_pvchunk))) {
 2924                         TAILQ_REMOVE(&pmap->pm_pvchunk, pc, pc_list);
 2925                         TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&pmap->pm_pvchunk, pc, pc_list);
 2926                 }
 2927                 return;
 2928         }
 2929         TAILQ_REMOVE(&pmap->pm_pvchunk, pc, pc_list);
 2930         free_pv_chunk(pc);
 2931 }
 2932 
 2933 static void
 2934 free_pv_chunk(struct pv_chunk *pc)
 2935 {
 2936         vm_page_t m;
 2937 
 2938         mtx_lock(&pv_chunks_mutex);
 2939         TAILQ_REMOVE(&pv_chunks, pc, pc_lru);
 2940         mtx_unlock(&pv_chunks_mutex);
 2941         PV_STAT(atomic_subtract_int(&pv_entry_spare, _NPCPV));
 2942         PV_STAT(atomic_subtract_int(&pc_chunk_count, 1));
 2943         PV_STAT(atomic_add_int(&pc_chunk_frees, 1));
 2944         /* entire chunk is free, return it */
 2945         m = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(DMAP_TO_PHYS((vm_offset_t)pc));
 2946         dump_drop_page(m->phys_addr);
 2947         vm_page_unwire(m, 0);
 2948         vm_page_free(m);
 2949 }
 2950 
 2951 /*
 2952  * Returns a new PV entry, allocating a new PV chunk from the system when
 2953  * needed.  If this PV chunk allocation fails and a PV list lock pointer was
 2954  * given, a PV chunk is reclaimed from an arbitrary pmap.  Otherwise, NULL is
 2955  * returned.
 2956  *
 2957  * The given PV list lock may be released.
 2958  */
 2959 static pv_entry_t
 2960 get_pv_entry(pmap_t pmap, struct rwlock **lockp)
 2961 {
 2962         int bit, field;
 2963         pv_entry_t pv;
 2964         struct pv_chunk *pc;
 2965         vm_page_t m;
 2966 
 2967         rw_assert(&pvh_global_lock, RA_LOCKED);
 2968         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
 2969         PV_STAT(atomic_add_long(&pv_entry_allocs, 1));
 2970 retry:
 2971         pc = TAILQ_FIRST(&pmap->pm_pvchunk);
 2972         if (pc != NULL) {
 2973                 for (field = 0; field < _NPCM; field++) {
 2974                         if (pc->pc_map[field]) {
 2975                                 bit = bsfq(pc->pc_map[field]);
 2976                                 break;
 2977                         }
 2978                 }
 2979                 if (field < _NPCM) {
 2980                         pv = &pc->pc_pventry[field * 64 + bit];
 2981                         pc->pc_map[field] &= ~(1ul << bit);
 2982                         /* If this was the last item, move it to tail */
 2983                         if (pc->pc_map[0] == 0 && pc->pc_map[1] == 0 &&
 2984                             pc->pc_map[2] == 0) {
 2985                                 TAILQ_REMOVE(&pmap->pm_pvchunk, pc, pc_list);
 2986                                 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pmap->pm_pvchunk, pc,
 2987                                     pc_list);
 2988                         }
 2989                         PV_STAT(atomic_add_long(&pv_entry_count, 1));
 2990                         PV_STAT(atomic_subtract_int(&pv_entry_spare, 1));
 2991                         return (pv);
 2992                 }
 2993         }
 2994         /* No free items, allocate another chunk */
 2995         m = vm_page_alloc(NULL, 0, VM_ALLOC_NORMAL | VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ |
 2996             VM_ALLOC_WIRED);
 2997         if (m == NULL) {
 2998                 if (lockp == NULL) {
 2999                         PV_STAT(pc_chunk_tryfail++);
 3000                         return (NULL);
 3001                 }
 3002                 m = reclaim_pv_chunk(pmap, lockp);
 3003                 if (m == NULL)
 3004                         goto retry;
 3005         }
 3006         PV_STAT(atomic_add_int(&pc_chunk_count, 1));
 3007         PV_STAT(atomic_add_int(&pc_chunk_allocs, 1));
 3008         dump_add_page(m->phys_addr);
 3009         pc = (void *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(m->phys_addr);
 3010         pc->pc_pmap = pmap;
 3011         pc->pc_map[0] = PC_FREE0 & ~1ul;        /* preallocated bit 0 */
 3012         pc->pc_map[1] = PC_FREE1;
 3013         pc->pc_map[2] = PC_FREE2;
 3014         mtx_lock(&pv_chunks_mutex);
 3015         TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pv_chunks, pc, pc_lru);
 3016         mtx_unlock(&pv_chunks_mutex);
 3017         pv = &pc->pc_pventry[0];
 3018         TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&pmap->pm_pvchunk, pc, pc_list);
 3019         PV_STAT(atomic_add_long(&pv_entry_count, 1));
 3020         PV_STAT(atomic_add_int(&pv_entry_spare, _NPCPV - 1));
 3021         return (pv);
 3022 }
 3023 
 3024 /*
 3025  * Returns the number of one bits within the given PV chunk map element.
 3026  */
 3027 static int
 3028 popcnt_pc_map_elem(uint64_t elem)
 3029 {
 3030         int count;
 3031 
 3032         /*
 3033          * This simple method of counting the one bits performs well because
 3034          * the given element typically contains more zero bits than one bits.
 3035          */
 3036         count = 0;
 3037         for (; elem != 0; elem &= elem - 1)
 3038                 count++;
 3039         return (count);
 3040 }
 3041 
 3042 /*
 3043  * Ensure that the number of spare PV entries in the specified pmap meets or
 3044  * exceeds the given count, "needed".
 3045  *
 3046  * The given PV list lock may be released.
 3047  */
 3048 static void
 3049 reserve_pv_entries(pmap_t pmap, int needed, struct rwlock **lockp)
 3050 {
 3051         struct pch new_tail;
 3052         struct pv_chunk *pc;
 3053         int avail, free;
 3054         vm_page_t m;
 3055 
 3056         rw_assert(&pvh_global_lock, RA_LOCKED);
 3057         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
 3058         KASSERT(lockp != NULL, ("reserve_pv_entries: lockp is NULL"));
 3059 
 3060         /*
 3061          * Newly allocated PV chunks must be stored in a private list until
 3062          * the required number of PV chunks have been allocated.  Otherwise,
 3063          * reclaim_pv_chunk() could recycle one of these chunks.  In
 3064          * contrast, these chunks must be added to the pmap upon allocation.
 3065          */
 3066         TAILQ_INIT(&new_tail);
 3067 retry:
 3068         avail = 0;
 3069         TAILQ_FOREACH(pc, &pmap->pm_pvchunk, pc_list) {
 3070                 if ((cpu_feature2 & CPUID2_POPCNT) == 0) {
 3071                         free = popcnt_pc_map_elem(pc->pc_map[0]);
 3072                         free += popcnt_pc_map_elem(pc->pc_map[1]);
 3073                         free += popcnt_pc_map_elem(pc->pc_map[2]);
 3074                 } else {
 3075                         free = popcntq(pc->pc_map[0]);
 3076                         free += popcntq(pc->pc_map[1]);
 3077                         free += popcntq(pc->pc_map[2]);
 3078                 }
 3079                 if (free == 0)
 3080                         break;
 3081                 avail += free;
 3082                 if (avail >= needed)
 3083                         break;
 3084         }
 3085         for (; avail < needed; avail += _NPCPV) {
 3086                 m = vm_page_alloc(NULL, 0, VM_ALLOC_NORMAL | VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ |
 3087                     VM_ALLOC_WIRED);
 3088                 if (m == NULL) {
 3089                         m = reclaim_pv_chunk(pmap, lockp);
 3090                         if (m == NULL)
 3091                                 goto retry;
 3092                 }
 3093                 PV_STAT(atomic_add_int(&pc_chunk_count, 1));
 3094                 PV_STAT(atomic_add_int(&pc_chunk_allocs, 1));
 3095                 dump_add_page(m->phys_addr);
 3096                 pc = (void *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(m->phys_addr);
 3097                 pc->pc_pmap = pmap;
 3098                 pc->pc_map[0] = PC_FREE0;
 3099                 pc->pc_map[1] = PC_FREE1;
 3100                 pc->pc_map[2] = PC_FREE2;
 3101                 TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&pmap->pm_pvchunk, pc, pc_list);
 3102                 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&new_tail, pc, pc_lru);
 3103                 PV_STAT(atomic_add_int(&pv_entry_spare, _NPCPV));
 3104         }
 3105         if (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&new_tail)) {
 3106                 mtx_lock(&pv_chunks_mutex);
 3107                 TAILQ_CONCAT(&pv_chunks, &new_tail, pc_lru);
 3108                 mtx_unlock(&pv_chunks_mutex);
 3109         }
 3110 }
 3111 
 3112 /*
 3113  * First find and then remove the pv entry for the specified pmap and virtual
 3114  * address from the specified pv list.  Returns the pv entry if found and NULL
 3115  * otherwise.  This operation can be performed on pv lists for either 4KB or
 3116  * 2MB page mappings.
 3117  */
 3118 static __inline pv_entry_t
 3119 pmap_pvh_remove(struct md_page *pvh, pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va)
 3120 {
 3121         pv_entry_t pv;
 3122 
 3123         rw_assert(&pvh_global_lock, RA_LOCKED);
 3124         TAILQ_FOREACH(pv, &pvh->pv_list, pv_next) {
 3125                 if (pmap == PV_PMAP(pv) && va == pv->pv_va) {
 3126                         TAILQ_REMOVE(&pvh->pv_list, pv, pv_next);
 3127                         pvh->pv_gen++;
 3128                         break;
 3129                 }
 3130         }
 3131         return (pv);
 3132 }
 3133 
 3134 /*
 3135  * After demotion from a 2MB page mapping to 512 4KB page mappings,
 3136  * destroy the pv entry for the 2MB page mapping and reinstantiate the pv
 3137  * entries for each of the 4KB page mappings.
 3138  */
 3139 static void
 3140 pmap_pv_demote_pde(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, vm_paddr_t pa,
 3141     struct rwlock **lockp)
 3142 {
 3143         struct md_page *pvh;
 3144         struct pv_chunk *pc;
 3145         pv_entry_t pv;
 3146         vm_offset_t va_last;
 3147         vm_page_t m;
 3148         int bit, field;
 3149 
 3150         rw_assert(&pvh_global_lock, RA_LOCKED);
 3151         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
 3152         KASSERT((pa & PDRMASK) == 0,
 3153             ("pmap_pv_demote_pde: pa is not 2mpage aligned"));
 3154         CHANGE_PV_LIST_LOCK_TO_PHYS(lockp, pa);
 3155 
 3156         /*
 3157          * Transfer the 2mpage's pv entry for this mapping to the first
 3158          * page's pv list.  Once this transfer begins, the pv list lock
 3159          * must not be released until the last pv entry is reinstantiated.
 3160          */
 3161         pvh = pa_to_pvh(pa);
 3162         va = trunc_2mpage(va);
 3163         pv = pmap_pvh_remove(pvh, pmap, va);
 3164         KASSERT(pv != NULL, ("pmap_pv_demote_pde: pv not found"));
 3165         m = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(pa);
 3166         TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&m->md.pv_list, pv, pv_next);
 3167         m->md.pv_gen++;
 3168         /* Instantiate the remaining NPTEPG - 1 pv entries. */
 3169         PV_STAT(atomic_add_long(&pv_entry_allocs, NPTEPG - 1));
 3170         va_last = va + NBPDR - PAGE_SIZE;
 3171         for (;;) {
 3172                 pc = TAILQ_FIRST(&pmap->pm_pvchunk);
 3173                 KASSERT(pc->pc_map[0] != 0 || pc->pc_map[1] != 0 ||
 3174                     pc->pc_map[2] != 0, ("pmap_pv_demote_pde: missing spare"));
 3175                 for (field = 0; field < _NPCM; field++) {
 3176                         while (pc->pc_map[field]) {
 3177                                 bit = bsfq(pc->pc_map[field]);
 3178                                 pc->pc_map[field] &= ~(1ul << bit);
 3179                                 pv = &pc->pc_pventry[field * 64 + bit];
 3180                                 va += PAGE_SIZE;
 3181                                 pv->pv_va = va;
 3182                                 m++;
 3183                                 KASSERT((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0,
 3184                             ("pmap_pv_demote_pde: page %p is not managed", m));
 3185                                 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&m->md.pv_list, pv, pv_next);
 3186                                 m->md.pv_gen++;
 3187                                 if (va == va_last)
 3188                                         goto out;
 3189                         }
 3190                 }
 3191                 TAILQ_REMOVE(&pmap->pm_pvchunk, pc, pc_list);
 3192                 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pmap->pm_pvchunk, pc, pc_list);
 3193         }
 3194 out:
 3195         if (pc->pc_map[0] == 0 && pc->pc_map[1] == 0 && pc->pc_map[2] == 0) {
 3196                 TAILQ_REMOVE(&pmap->pm_pvchunk, pc, pc_list);
 3197                 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pmap->pm_pvchunk, pc, pc_list);
 3198         }
 3199         PV_STAT(atomic_add_long(&pv_entry_count, NPTEPG - 1));
 3200         PV_STAT(atomic_subtract_int(&pv_entry_spare, NPTEPG - 1));
 3201 }
 3202 
 3203 /*
 3204  * After promotion from 512 4KB page mappings to a single 2MB page mapping,
 3205  * replace the many pv entries for the 4KB page mappings by a single pv entry
 3206  * for the 2MB page mapping.
 3207  */
 3208 static void
 3209 pmap_pv_promote_pde(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, vm_paddr_t pa,
 3210     struct rwlock **lockp)
 3211 {
 3212         struct md_page *pvh;
 3213         pv_entry_t pv;
 3214         vm_offset_t va_last;
 3215         vm_page_t m;
 3216 
 3217         rw_assert(&pvh_global_lock, RA_LOCKED);
 3218         KASSERT((pa & PDRMASK) == 0,
 3219             ("pmap_pv_promote_pde: pa is not 2mpage aligned"));
 3220         CHANGE_PV_LIST_LOCK_TO_PHYS(lockp, pa);
 3221 
 3222         /*
 3223          * Transfer the first page's pv entry for this mapping to the 2mpage's
 3224          * pv list.  Aside from avoiding the cost of a call to get_pv_entry(),
 3225          * a transfer avoids the possibility that get_pv_entry() calls
 3226          * reclaim_pv_chunk() and that reclaim_pv_chunk() removes one of the
 3227          * mappings that is being promoted.
 3228          */
 3229         m = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(pa);
 3230         va = trunc_2mpage(va);
 3231         pv = pmap_pvh_remove(&m->md, pmap, va);
 3232         KASSERT(pv != NULL, ("pmap_pv_promote_pde: pv not found"));
 3233         pvh = pa_to_pvh(pa);
 3234         TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pvh->pv_list, pv, pv_next);
 3235         pvh->pv_gen++;
 3236         /* Free the remaining NPTEPG - 1 pv entries. */
 3237         va_last = va + NBPDR - PAGE_SIZE;
 3238         do {
 3239                 m++;
 3240                 va += PAGE_SIZE;
 3241                 pmap_pvh_free(&m->md, pmap, va);
 3242         } while (va < va_last);
 3243 }
 3244 
 3245 /*
 3246  * First find and then destroy the pv entry for the specified pmap and virtual
 3247  * address.  This operation can be performed on pv lists for either 4KB or 2MB
 3248  * page mappings.
 3249  */
 3250 static void
 3251 pmap_pvh_free(struct md_page *pvh, pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va)
 3252 {
 3253         pv_entry_t pv;
 3254 
 3255         pv = pmap_pvh_remove(pvh, pmap, va);
 3256         KASSERT(pv != NULL, ("pmap_pvh_free: pv not found"));
 3257         free_pv_entry(pmap, pv);
 3258 }
 3259 
 3260 /*
 3261  * Conditionally create the PV entry for a 4KB page mapping if the required
 3262  * memory can be allocated without resorting to reclamation.
 3263  */
 3264 static boolean_t
 3265 pmap_try_insert_pv_entry(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, vm_page_t m,
 3266     struct rwlock **lockp)
 3267 {
 3268         pv_entry_t pv;
 3269 
 3270         rw_assert(&pvh_global_lock, RA_LOCKED);
 3271         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
 3272         /* Pass NULL instead of the lock pointer to disable reclamation. */
 3273         if ((pv = get_pv_entry(pmap, NULL)) != NULL) {
 3274                 pv->pv_va = va;
 3275                 CHANGE_PV_LIST_LOCK_TO_VM_PAGE(lockp, m);
 3276                 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&m->md.pv_list, pv, pv_next);
 3277                 m->md.pv_gen++;
 3278                 return (TRUE);
 3279         } else
 3280                 return (FALSE);
 3281 }
 3282 
 3283 /*
 3284  * Conditionally create the PV entry for a 2MB page mapping if the required
 3285  * memory can be allocated without resorting to reclamation.
 3286  */
 3287 static boolean_t
 3288 pmap_pv_insert_pde(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, vm_paddr_t pa,
 3289     struct rwlock **lockp)
 3290 {
 3291         struct md_page *pvh;
 3292         pv_entry_t pv;
 3293 
 3294         rw_assert(&pvh_global_lock, RA_LOCKED);
 3295         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
 3296         /* Pass NULL instead of the lock pointer to disable reclamation. */
 3297         if ((pv = get_pv_entry(pmap, NULL)) != NULL) {
 3298                 pv->pv_va = va;
 3299                 CHANGE_PV_LIST_LOCK_TO_PHYS(lockp, pa);
 3300                 pvh = pa_to_pvh(pa);
 3301                 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pvh->pv_list, pv, pv_next);
 3302                 pvh->pv_gen++;
 3303                 return (TRUE);
 3304         } else
 3305                 return (FALSE);
 3306 }
 3307 
 3308 /*
 3309  * Fills a page table page with mappings to consecutive physical pages.
 3310  */
 3311 static void
 3312 pmap_fill_ptp(pt_entry_t *firstpte, pt_entry_t newpte)
 3313 {
 3314         pt_entry_t *pte;
 3315 
 3316         for (pte = firstpte; pte < firstpte + NPTEPG; pte++) {
 3317                 *pte = newpte;
 3318                 newpte += PAGE_SIZE;
 3319         }
 3320 }
 3321 
 3322 /*
 3323  * Tries to demote a 2MB page mapping.  If demotion fails, the 2MB page
 3324  * mapping is invalidated.
 3325  */
 3326 static boolean_t
 3327 pmap_demote_pde(pmap_t pmap, pd_entry_t *pde, vm_offset_t va)
 3328 {
 3329         struct rwlock *lock;
 3330         boolean_t rv;
 3331 
 3332         lock = NULL;
 3333         rv = pmap_demote_pde_locked(pmap, pde, va, &lock);
 3334         if (lock != NULL)
 3335                 rw_wunlock(lock);
 3336         return (rv);
 3337 }
 3338 
 3339 static boolean_t
 3340 pmap_demote_pde_locked(pmap_t pmap, pd_entry_t *pde, vm_offset_t va,
 3341     struct rwlock **lockp)
 3342 {
 3343         pd_entry_t newpde, oldpde;
 3344         pt_entry_t *firstpte, newpte;
 3345         pt_entry_t PG_A, PG_G, PG_M, PG_RW, PG_V;
 3346         vm_paddr_t mptepa;
 3347         vm_page_t mpte;
 3348         struct spglist free;
 3349         int PG_PTE_CACHE;
 3350 
 3351         PG_G = pmap_global_bit(pmap);
 3352         PG_A = pmap_accessed_bit(pmap);
 3353         PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(pmap);
 3354         PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 3355         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 3356         PG_PTE_CACHE = pmap_cache_mask(pmap, 0);
 3357 
 3358         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
 3359         oldpde = *pde;
 3360         KASSERT((oldpde & (PG_PS | PG_V)) == (PG_PS | PG_V),
 3361             ("pmap_demote_pde: oldpde is missing PG_PS and/or PG_V"));
 3362         if ((oldpde & PG_A) != 0 && (mpte = pmap_lookup_pt_page(pmap, va)) !=
 3363             NULL)
 3364                 pmap_remove_pt_page(pmap, mpte);
 3365         else {
 3366                 KASSERT((oldpde & PG_W) == 0,
 3367                     ("pmap_demote_pde: page table page for a wired mapping"
 3368                     " is missing"));
 3369 
 3370                 /*
 3371                  * Invalidate the 2MB page mapping and return "failure" if the
 3372                  * mapping was never accessed or the allocation of the new
 3373                  * page table page fails.  If the 2MB page mapping belongs to
 3374                  * the direct map region of the kernel's address space, then
 3375                  * the page allocation request specifies the highest possible
 3376                  * priority (VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT).  Otherwise, the priority is
 3377                  * normal.  Page table pages are preallocated for every other
 3378                  * part of the kernel address space, so the direct map region
 3379                  * is the only part of the kernel address space that must be
 3380                  * handled here.
 3381                  */
 3382                 if ((oldpde & PG_A) == 0 || (mpte = vm_page_alloc(NULL,
 3383                     pmap_pde_pindex(va), (va >= DMAP_MIN_ADDRESS && va <
 3384                     DMAP_MAX_ADDRESS ? VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT : VM_ALLOC_NORMAL) |
 3385                     VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ | VM_ALLOC_WIRED)) == NULL) {
 3386                         SLIST_INIT(&free);
 3387                         pmap_remove_pde(pmap, pde, trunc_2mpage(va), &free,
 3388                             lockp);
 3389                         pmap_invalidate_page(pmap, trunc_2mpage(va));
 3390                         pmap_free_zero_pages(&free);
 3391                         CTR2(KTR_PMAP, "pmap_demote_pde: failure for va %#lx"
 3392                             " in pmap %p", va, pmap);
 3393                         return (FALSE);
 3394                 }
 3395                 if (va < VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS)
 3396                         pmap_resident_count_inc(pmap, 1);
 3397         }
 3398         mptepa = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(mpte);
 3399         firstpte = (pt_entry_t *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(mptepa);
 3400         newpde = mptepa | PG_M | PG_A | (oldpde & PG_U) | PG_RW | PG_V;
 3401         KASSERT((oldpde & PG_A) != 0,
 3402             ("pmap_demote_pde: oldpde is missing PG_A"));
 3403         KASSERT((oldpde & (PG_M | PG_RW)) != PG_RW,
 3404             ("pmap_demote_pde: oldpde is missing PG_M"));
 3405         newpte = oldpde & ~PG_PS;
 3406         newpte = pmap_swap_pat(pmap, newpte);
 3407 
 3408         /*
 3409          * If the page table page is new, initialize it.
 3410          */
 3411         if (mpte->wire_count == 1) {
 3412                 mpte->wire_count = NPTEPG;
 3413                 pmap_fill_ptp(firstpte, newpte);
 3414         }
 3415         KASSERT((*firstpte & PG_FRAME) == (newpte & PG_FRAME),
 3416             ("pmap_demote_pde: firstpte and newpte map different physical"
 3417             " addresses"));
 3418 
 3419         /*
 3420          * If the mapping has changed attributes, update the page table
 3421          * entries.
 3422          */
 3423         if ((*firstpte & PG_PTE_PROMOTE) != (newpte & PG_PTE_PROMOTE))
 3424                 pmap_fill_ptp(firstpte, newpte);
 3425 
 3426         /*
 3427          * The spare PV entries must be reserved prior to demoting the
 3428          * mapping, that is, prior to changing the PDE.  Otherwise, the state
 3429          * of the PDE and the PV lists will be inconsistent, which can result
 3430          * in reclaim_pv_chunk() attempting to remove a PV entry from the
 3431          * wrong PV list and pmap_pv_demote_pde() failing to find the expected
 3432          * PV entry for the 2MB page mapping that is being demoted.
 3433          */
 3434         if ((oldpde & PG_MANAGED) != 0)
 3435                 reserve_pv_entries(pmap, NPTEPG - 1, lockp);
 3436 
 3437         /*
 3438          * Demote the mapping.  This pmap is locked.  The old PDE has
 3439          * PG_A set.  If the old PDE has PG_RW set, it also has PG_M
 3440          * set.  Thus, there is no danger of a race with another
 3441          * processor changing the setting of PG_A and/or PG_M between
 3442          * the read above and the store below. 
 3443          */
 3444         if (workaround_erratum383)
 3445                 pmap_update_pde(pmap, va, pde, newpde);
 3446         else
 3447                 pde_store(pde, newpde);
 3448 
 3449         /*
 3450          * Invalidate a stale recursive mapping of the page table page.
 3451          */
 3452         if (va >= VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS)
 3453                 pmap_invalidate_page(pmap, (vm_offset_t)vtopte(va));
 3454 
 3455         /*
 3456          * Demote the PV entry.
 3457          */
 3458         if ((oldpde & PG_MANAGED) != 0)
 3459                 pmap_pv_demote_pde(pmap, va, oldpde & PG_PS_FRAME, lockp);
 3460 
 3461         atomic_add_long(&pmap_pde_demotions, 1);
 3462         CTR2(KTR_PMAP, "pmap_demote_pde: success for va %#lx"
 3463             " in pmap %p", va, pmap);
 3464         return (TRUE);
 3465 }
 3466 
 3467 /*
 3468  * pmap_remove_kernel_pde: Remove a kernel superpage mapping.
 3469  */
 3470 static void
 3471 pmap_remove_kernel_pde(pmap_t pmap, pd_entry_t *pde, vm_offset_t va)
 3472 {
 3473         pd_entry_t newpde;
 3474         vm_paddr_t mptepa;
 3475         vm_page_t mpte;
 3476 
 3477         KASSERT(pmap == kernel_pmap, ("pmap %p is not kernel_pmap", pmap));
 3478         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
 3479         mpte = pmap_lookup_pt_page(pmap, va);
 3480         if (mpte == NULL)
 3481                 panic("pmap_remove_kernel_pde: Missing pt page.");
 3482 
 3483         pmap_remove_pt_page(pmap, mpte);
 3484         mptepa = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(mpte);
 3485         newpde = mptepa | X86_PG_M | X86_PG_A | X86_PG_RW | X86_PG_V;
 3486 
 3487         /*
 3488          * Initialize the page table page.
 3489          */
 3490         pagezero((void *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(mptepa));
 3491 
 3492         /*
 3493          * Demote the mapping.
 3494          */
 3495         if (workaround_erratum383)
 3496                 pmap_update_pde(pmap, va, pde, newpde);
 3497         else
 3498                 pde_store(pde, newpde);
 3499 
 3500         /*
 3501          * Invalidate a stale recursive mapping of the page table page.
 3502          */
 3503         pmap_invalidate_page(pmap, (vm_offset_t)vtopte(va));
 3504 }
 3505 
 3506 /*
 3507  * pmap_remove_pde: do the things to unmap a superpage in a process
 3508  */
 3509 static int
 3510 pmap_remove_pde(pmap_t pmap, pd_entry_t *pdq, vm_offset_t sva,
 3511     struct spglist *free, struct rwlock **lockp)
 3512 {
 3513         struct md_page *pvh;
 3514         pd_entry_t oldpde;
 3515         vm_offset_t eva, va;
 3516         vm_page_t m, mpte;
 3517         pt_entry_t PG_G, PG_A, PG_M, PG_RW;
 3518 
 3519         PG_G = pmap_global_bit(pmap);
 3520         PG_A = pmap_accessed_bit(pmap);
 3521         PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(pmap);
 3522         PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 3523 
 3524         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
 3525         KASSERT((sva & PDRMASK) == 0,
 3526             ("pmap_remove_pde: sva is not 2mpage aligned"));
 3527         oldpde = pte_load_clear(pdq);
 3528         if (oldpde & PG_W)
 3529                 pmap->pm_stats.wired_count -= NBPDR / PAGE_SIZE;
 3530 
 3531         /*
 3532          * Machines that don't support invlpg, also don't support
 3533          * PG_G.
 3534          */
 3535         if (oldpde & PG_G)
 3536                 pmap_invalidate_page(kernel_pmap, sva);
 3537         pmap_resident_count_dec(pmap, NBPDR / PAGE_SIZE);
 3538         if (oldpde & PG_MANAGED) {
 3539                 CHANGE_PV_LIST_LOCK_TO_PHYS(lockp, oldpde & PG_PS_FRAME);
 3540                 pvh = pa_to_pvh(oldpde & PG_PS_FRAME);
 3541                 pmap_pvh_free(pvh, pmap, sva);
 3542                 eva = sva + NBPDR;
 3543                 for (va = sva, m = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(oldpde & PG_PS_FRAME);
 3544                     va < eva; va += PAGE_SIZE, m++) {
 3545                         if ((oldpde & (PG_M | PG_RW)) == (PG_M | PG_RW))
 3546                                 vm_page_dirty(m);
 3547                         if (oldpde & PG_A)
 3548                                 vm_page_aflag_set(m, PGA_REFERENCED);
 3549                         if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&m->md.pv_list) &&
 3550                             TAILQ_EMPTY(&pvh->pv_list))
 3551                                 vm_page_aflag_clear(m, PGA_WRITEABLE);
 3552                 }
 3553         }
 3554         if (pmap == kernel_pmap) {
 3555                 pmap_remove_kernel_pde(pmap, pdq, sva);
 3556         } else {
 3557                 mpte = pmap_lookup_pt_page(pmap, sva);
 3558                 if (mpte != NULL) {
 3559                         pmap_remove_pt_page(pmap, mpte);
 3560                         pmap_resident_count_dec(pmap, 1);
 3561                         KASSERT(mpte->wire_count == NPTEPG,
 3562                             ("pmap_remove_pde: pte page wire count error"));
 3563                         mpte->wire_count = 0;
 3564                         pmap_add_delayed_free_list(mpte, free, FALSE);
 3565                         atomic_subtract_int(&cnt.v_wire_count, 1);
 3566                 }
 3567         }
 3568         return (pmap_unuse_pt(pmap, sva, *pmap_pdpe(pmap, sva), free));
 3569 }
 3570 
 3571 /*
 3572  * pmap_remove_pte: do the things to unmap a page in a process
 3573  */
 3574 static int
 3575 pmap_remove_pte(pmap_t pmap, pt_entry_t *ptq, vm_offset_t va, 
 3576     pd_entry_t ptepde, struct spglist *free, struct rwlock **lockp)
 3577 {
 3578         struct md_page *pvh;
 3579         pt_entry_t oldpte, PG_A, PG_M, PG_RW;
 3580         vm_page_t m;
 3581 
 3582         PG_A = pmap_accessed_bit(pmap);
 3583         PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(pmap);
 3584         PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 3585 
 3586         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
 3587         oldpte = pte_load_clear(ptq);
 3588         if (oldpte & PG_W)
 3589                 pmap->pm_stats.wired_count -= 1;
 3590         pmap_resident_count_dec(pmap, 1);
 3591         if (oldpte & PG_MANAGED) {
 3592                 m = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(oldpte & PG_FRAME);
 3593                 if ((oldpte & (PG_M | PG_RW)) == (PG_M | PG_RW))
 3594                         vm_page_dirty(m);
 3595                 if (oldpte & PG_A)
 3596                         vm_page_aflag_set(m, PGA_REFERENCED);
 3597                 CHANGE_PV_LIST_LOCK_TO_VM_PAGE(lockp, m);
 3598                 pmap_pvh_free(&m->md, pmap, va);
 3599                 if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&m->md.pv_list) &&
 3600                     (m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) == 0) {
 3601                         pvh = pa_to_pvh(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m));
 3602                         if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&pvh->pv_list))
 3603                                 vm_page_aflag_clear(m, PGA_WRITEABLE);
 3604                 }
 3605         }
 3606         return (pmap_unuse_pt(pmap, va, ptepde, free));
 3607 }
 3608 
 3609 /*
 3610  * Remove a single page from a process address space
 3611  */
 3612 static void
 3613 pmap_remove_page(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, pd_entry_t *pde,
 3614     struct spglist *free)
 3615 {
 3616         struct rwlock *lock;
 3617         pt_entry_t *pte, PG_V;
 3618 
 3619         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 3620         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
 3621         if ((*pde & PG_V) == 0)
 3622                 return;
 3623         pte = pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, va);
 3624         if ((*pte & PG_V) == 0)
 3625                 return;
 3626         lock = NULL;
 3627         pmap_remove_pte(pmap, pte, va, *pde, free, &lock);
 3628         if (lock != NULL)
 3629                 rw_wunlock(lock);
 3630         pmap_invalidate_page(pmap, va);
 3631 }
 3632 
 3633 /*
 3634  *      Remove the given range of addresses from the specified map.
 3635  *
 3636  *      It is assumed that the start and end are properly
 3637  *      rounded to the page size.
 3638  */
 3639 void
 3640 pmap_remove(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t sva, vm_offset_t eva)
 3641 {
 3642         struct rwlock *lock;
 3643         vm_offset_t va, va_next;
 3644         pml4_entry_t *pml4e;
 3645         pdp_entry_t *pdpe;
 3646         pd_entry_t ptpaddr, *pde;
 3647         pt_entry_t *pte, PG_G, PG_V;
 3648         struct spglist free;
 3649         int anyvalid;
 3650 
 3651         PG_G = pmap_global_bit(pmap);
 3652         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 3653 
 3654         /*
 3655          * Perform an unsynchronized read.  This is, however, safe.
 3656          */
 3657         if (pmap->pm_stats.resident_count == 0)
 3658                 return;
 3659 
 3660         anyvalid = 0;
 3661         SLIST_INIT(&free);
 3662 
 3663         rw_rlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 3664         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 3665 
 3666         /*
 3667          * special handling of removing one page.  a very
 3668          * common operation and easy to short circuit some
 3669          * code.
 3670          */
 3671         if (sva + PAGE_SIZE == eva) {
 3672                 pde = pmap_pde(pmap, sva);
 3673                 if (pde && (*pde & PG_PS) == 0) {
 3674                         pmap_remove_page(pmap, sva, pde, &free);
 3675                         goto out;
 3676                 }
 3677         }
 3678 
 3679         lock = NULL;
 3680         for (; sva < eva; sva = va_next) {
 3681 
 3682                 if (pmap->pm_stats.resident_count == 0)
 3683                         break;
 3684 
 3685                 pml4e = pmap_pml4e(pmap, sva);
 3686                 if ((*pml4e & PG_V) == 0) {
 3687                         va_next = (sva + NBPML4) & ~PML4MASK;
 3688                         if (va_next < sva)
 3689                                 va_next = eva;
 3690                         continue;
 3691                 }
 3692 
 3693                 pdpe = pmap_pml4e_to_pdpe(pml4e, sva);
 3694                 if ((*pdpe & PG_V) == 0) {
 3695                         va_next = (sva + NBPDP) & ~PDPMASK;
 3696                         if (va_next < sva)
 3697                                 va_next = eva;
 3698                         continue;
 3699                 }
 3700 
 3701                 /*
 3702                  * Calculate index for next page table.
 3703                  */
 3704                 va_next = (sva + NBPDR) & ~PDRMASK;
 3705                 if (va_next < sva)
 3706                         va_next = eva;
 3707 
 3708                 pde = pmap_pdpe_to_pde(pdpe, sva);
 3709                 ptpaddr = *pde;
 3710 
 3711                 /*
 3712                  * Weed out invalid mappings.
 3713                  */
 3714                 if (ptpaddr == 0)
 3715                         continue;
 3716 
 3717                 /*
 3718                  * Check for large page.
 3719                  */
 3720                 if ((ptpaddr & PG_PS) != 0) {
 3721                         /*
 3722                          * Are we removing the entire large page?  If not,
 3723                          * demote the mapping and fall through.
 3724                          */
 3725                         if (sva + NBPDR == va_next && eva >= va_next) {
 3726                                 /*
 3727                                  * The TLB entry for a PG_G mapping is
 3728                                  * invalidated by pmap_remove_pde().
 3729                                  */
 3730                                 if ((ptpaddr & PG_G) == 0)
 3731                                         anyvalid = 1;
 3732                                 pmap_remove_pde(pmap, pde, sva, &free, &lock);
 3733                                 continue;
 3734                         } else if (!pmap_demote_pde_locked(pmap, pde, sva,
 3735                             &lock)) {
 3736                                 /* The large page mapping was destroyed. */
 3737                                 continue;
 3738                         } else
 3739                                 ptpaddr = *pde;
 3740                 }
 3741 
 3742                 /*
 3743                  * Limit our scan to either the end of the va represented
 3744                  * by the current page table page, or to the end of the
 3745                  * range being removed.
 3746                  */
 3747                 if (va_next > eva)
 3748                         va_next = eva;
 3749 
 3750                 va = va_next;
 3751                 for (pte = pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, sva); sva != va_next; pte++,
 3752                     sva += PAGE_SIZE) {
 3753                         if (*pte == 0) {
 3754                                 if (va != va_next) {
 3755                                         pmap_invalidate_range(pmap, va, sva);
 3756                                         va = va_next;
 3757                                 }
 3758                                 continue;
 3759                         }
 3760                         if ((*pte & PG_G) == 0)
 3761                                 anyvalid = 1;
 3762                         else if (va == va_next)
 3763                                 va = sva;
 3764                         if (pmap_remove_pte(pmap, pte, sva, ptpaddr, &free,
 3765                             &lock)) {
 3766                                 sva += PAGE_SIZE;
 3767                                 break;
 3768                         }
 3769                 }
 3770                 if (va != va_next)
 3771                         pmap_invalidate_range(pmap, va, sva);
 3772         }
 3773         if (lock != NULL)
 3774                 rw_wunlock(lock);
 3775 out:
 3776         if (anyvalid)
 3777                 pmap_invalidate_all(pmap);
 3778         rw_runlock(&pvh_global_lock);   
 3779         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 3780         pmap_free_zero_pages(&free);
 3781 }
 3782 
 3783 /*
 3784  *      Routine:        pmap_remove_all
 3785  *      Function:
 3786  *              Removes this physical page from
 3787  *              all physical maps in which it resides.
 3788  *              Reflects back modify bits to the pager.
 3789  *
 3790  *      Notes:
 3791  *              Original versions of this routine were very
 3792  *              inefficient because they iteratively called
 3793  *              pmap_remove (slow...)
 3794  */
 3795 
 3796 void
 3797 pmap_remove_all(vm_page_t m)
 3798 {
 3799         struct md_page *pvh;
 3800         pv_entry_t pv;
 3801         pmap_t pmap;
 3802         pt_entry_t *pte, tpte, PG_A, PG_M, PG_RW;
 3803         pd_entry_t *pde;
 3804         vm_offset_t va;
 3805         struct spglist free;
 3806 
 3807         KASSERT((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0,
 3808             ("pmap_remove_all: page %p is not managed", m));
 3809         SLIST_INIT(&free);
 3810         rw_wlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 3811         if ((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) != 0)
 3812                 goto small_mappings;
 3813         pvh = pa_to_pvh(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m));
 3814         while ((pv = TAILQ_FIRST(&pvh->pv_list)) != NULL) {
 3815                 pmap = PV_PMAP(pv);
 3816                 PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 3817                 va = pv->pv_va;
 3818                 pde = pmap_pde(pmap, va);
 3819                 (void)pmap_demote_pde(pmap, pde, va);
 3820                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 3821         }
 3822 small_mappings:
 3823         while ((pv = TAILQ_FIRST(&m->md.pv_list)) != NULL) {
 3824                 pmap = PV_PMAP(pv);
 3825                 PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 3826                 PG_A = pmap_accessed_bit(pmap);
 3827                 PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(pmap);
 3828                 PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 3829                 pmap_resident_count_dec(pmap, 1);
 3830                 pde = pmap_pde(pmap, pv->pv_va);
 3831                 KASSERT((*pde & PG_PS) == 0, ("pmap_remove_all: found"
 3832                     " a 2mpage in page %p's pv list", m));
 3833                 pte = pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, pv->pv_va);
 3834                 tpte = pte_load_clear(pte);
 3835                 if (tpte & PG_W)
 3836                         pmap->pm_stats.wired_count--;
 3837                 if (tpte & PG_A)
 3838                         vm_page_aflag_set(m, PGA_REFERENCED);
 3839 
 3840                 /*
 3841                  * Update the vm_page_t clean and reference bits.
 3842                  */
 3843                 if ((tpte & (PG_M | PG_RW)) == (PG_M | PG_RW))
 3844                         vm_page_dirty(m);
 3845                 pmap_unuse_pt(pmap, pv->pv_va, *pde, &free);
 3846                 pmap_invalidate_page(pmap, pv->pv_va);
 3847                 TAILQ_REMOVE(&m->md.pv_list, pv, pv_next);
 3848                 m->md.pv_gen++;
 3849                 free_pv_entry(pmap, pv);
 3850                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 3851         }
 3852         vm_page_aflag_clear(m, PGA_WRITEABLE);
 3853         rw_wunlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 3854         pmap_free_zero_pages(&free);
 3855 }
 3856 
 3857 /*
 3858  * pmap_protect_pde: do the things to protect a 2mpage in a process
 3859  */
 3860 static boolean_t
 3861 pmap_protect_pde(pmap_t pmap, pd_entry_t *pde, vm_offset_t sva, vm_prot_t prot)
 3862 {
 3863         pd_entry_t newpde, oldpde;
 3864         vm_offset_t eva, va;
 3865         vm_page_t m;
 3866         boolean_t anychanged;
 3867         pt_entry_t PG_G, PG_M, PG_RW;
 3868 
 3869         PG_G = pmap_global_bit(pmap);
 3870         PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(pmap);
 3871         PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 3872 
 3873         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
 3874         KASSERT((sva & PDRMASK) == 0,
 3875             ("pmap_protect_pde: sva is not 2mpage aligned"));
 3876         anychanged = FALSE;
 3877 retry:
 3878         oldpde = newpde = *pde;
 3879         if (oldpde & PG_MANAGED) {
 3880                 eva = sva + NBPDR;
 3881                 for (va = sva, m = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(oldpde & PG_PS_FRAME);
 3882                     va < eva; va += PAGE_SIZE, m++)
 3883                         if ((oldpde & (PG_M | PG_RW)) == (PG_M | PG_RW))
 3884                                 vm_page_dirty(m);
 3885         }
 3886         if ((prot & VM_PROT_WRITE) == 0)
 3887                 newpde &= ~(PG_RW | PG_M);
 3888         if ((prot & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) == 0)
 3889                 newpde |= pg_nx;
 3890         if (newpde != oldpde) {
 3891                 if (!atomic_cmpset_long(pde, oldpde, newpde))
 3892                         goto retry;
 3893                 if (oldpde & PG_G)
 3894                         pmap_invalidate_page(pmap, sva);
 3895                 else
 3896                         anychanged = TRUE;
 3897         }
 3898         return (anychanged);
 3899 }
 3900 
 3901 /*
 3902  *      Set the physical protection on the
 3903  *      specified range of this map as requested.
 3904  */
 3905 void
 3906 pmap_protect(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t sva, vm_offset_t eva, vm_prot_t prot)
 3907 {
 3908         vm_offset_t va_next;
 3909         pml4_entry_t *pml4e;
 3910         pdp_entry_t *pdpe;
 3911         pd_entry_t ptpaddr, *pde;
 3912         pt_entry_t *pte, PG_G, PG_M, PG_RW, PG_V;
 3913         boolean_t anychanged, pv_lists_locked;
 3914 
 3915         KASSERT((prot & ~VM_PROT_ALL) == 0, ("invalid prot %x", prot));
 3916         if (prot == VM_PROT_NONE) {
 3917                 pmap_remove(pmap, sva, eva);
 3918                 return;
 3919         }
 3920 
 3921         if ((prot & (VM_PROT_WRITE|VM_PROT_EXECUTE)) ==
 3922             (VM_PROT_WRITE|VM_PROT_EXECUTE))
 3923                 return;
 3924 
 3925         PG_G = pmap_global_bit(pmap);
 3926         PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(pmap);
 3927         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 3928         PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 3929         pv_lists_locked = FALSE;
 3930 resume:
 3931         anychanged = FALSE;
 3932 
 3933         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 3934         for (; sva < eva; sva = va_next) {
 3935 
 3936                 pml4e = pmap_pml4e(pmap, sva);
 3937                 if ((*pml4e & PG_V) == 0) {
 3938                         va_next = (sva + NBPML4) & ~PML4MASK;
 3939                         if (va_next < sva)
 3940                                 va_next = eva;
 3941                         continue;
 3942                 }
 3943 
 3944                 pdpe = pmap_pml4e_to_pdpe(pml4e, sva);
 3945                 if ((*pdpe & PG_V) == 0) {
 3946                         va_next = (sva + NBPDP) & ~PDPMASK;
 3947                         if (va_next < sva)
 3948                                 va_next = eva;
 3949                         continue;
 3950                 }
 3951 
 3952                 va_next = (sva + NBPDR) & ~PDRMASK;
 3953                 if (va_next < sva)
 3954                         va_next = eva;
 3955 
 3956                 pde = pmap_pdpe_to_pde(pdpe, sva);
 3957                 ptpaddr = *pde;
 3958 
 3959                 /*
 3960                  * Weed out invalid mappings.
 3961                  */
 3962                 if (ptpaddr == 0)
 3963                         continue;
 3964 
 3965                 /*
 3966                  * Check for large page.
 3967                  */
 3968                 if ((ptpaddr & PG_PS) != 0) {
 3969                         /*
 3970                          * Are we protecting the entire large page?  If not,
 3971                          * demote the mapping and fall through.
 3972                          */
 3973                         if (sva + NBPDR == va_next && eva >= va_next) {
 3974                                 /*
 3975                                  * The TLB entry for a PG_G mapping is
 3976                                  * invalidated by pmap_protect_pde().
 3977                                  */
 3978                                 if (pmap_protect_pde(pmap, pde, sva, prot))
 3979                                         anychanged = TRUE;
 3980                                 continue;
 3981                         } else {
 3982                                 if (!pv_lists_locked) {
 3983                                         pv_lists_locked = TRUE;
 3984                                         if (!rw_try_rlock(&pvh_global_lock)) {
 3985                                                 if (anychanged)
 3986                                                         pmap_invalidate_all(
 3987                                                             pmap);
 3988                                                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 3989                                                 rw_rlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 3990                                                 goto resume;
 3991                                         }
 3992                                 }
 3993                                 if (!pmap_demote_pde(pmap, pde, sva)) {
 3994                                         /*
 3995                                          * The large page mapping was
 3996                                          * destroyed.
 3997                                          */
 3998                                         continue;
 3999                                 }
 4000                         }
 4001                 }
 4002 
 4003                 if (va_next > eva)
 4004                         va_next = eva;
 4005 
 4006                 for (pte = pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, sva); sva != va_next; pte++,
 4007                     sva += PAGE_SIZE) {
 4008                         pt_entry_t obits, pbits;
 4009                         vm_page_t m;
 4010 
 4011 retry:
 4012                         obits = pbits = *pte;
 4013                         if ((pbits & PG_V) == 0)
 4014                                 continue;
 4015 
 4016                         if ((prot & VM_PROT_WRITE) == 0) {
 4017                                 if ((pbits & (PG_MANAGED | PG_M | PG_RW)) ==
 4018                                     (PG_MANAGED | PG_M | PG_RW)) {
 4019                                         m = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(pbits & PG_FRAME);
 4020                                         vm_page_dirty(m);
 4021                                 }
 4022                                 pbits &= ~(PG_RW | PG_M);
 4023                         }
 4024                         if ((prot & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) == 0)
 4025                                 pbits |= pg_nx;
 4026 
 4027                         if (pbits != obits) {
 4028                                 if (!atomic_cmpset_long(pte, obits, pbits))
 4029                                         goto retry;
 4030                                 if (obits & PG_G)
 4031                                         pmap_invalidate_page(pmap, sva);
 4032                                 else
 4033                                         anychanged = TRUE;
 4034                         }
 4035                 }
 4036         }
 4037         if (anychanged)
 4038                 pmap_invalidate_all(pmap);
 4039         if (pv_lists_locked)
 4040                 rw_runlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 4041         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 4042 }
 4043 
 4044 /*
 4045  * Tries to promote the 512, contiguous 4KB page mappings that are within a
 4046  * single page table page (PTP) to a single 2MB page mapping.  For promotion
 4047  * to occur, two conditions must be met: (1) the 4KB page mappings must map
 4048  * aligned, contiguous physical memory and (2) the 4KB page mappings must have
 4049  * identical characteristics. 
 4050  */
 4051 static void
 4052 pmap_promote_pde(pmap_t pmap, pd_entry_t *pde, vm_offset_t va,
 4053     struct rwlock **lockp)
 4054 {
 4055         pd_entry_t newpde;
 4056         pt_entry_t *firstpte, oldpte, pa, *pte;
 4057         pt_entry_t PG_G, PG_A, PG_M, PG_RW, PG_V;
 4058         vm_page_t mpte;
 4059         int PG_PTE_CACHE;
 4060 
 4061         PG_A = pmap_accessed_bit(pmap);
 4062         PG_G = pmap_global_bit(pmap);
 4063         PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(pmap);
 4064         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 4065         PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 4066         PG_PTE_CACHE = pmap_cache_mask(pmap, 0);
 4067 
 4068         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
 4069 
 4070         /*
 4071          * Examine the first PTE in the specified PTP.  Abort if this PTE is
 4072          * either invalid, unused, or does not map the first 4KB physical page
 4073          * within a 2MB page. 
 4074          */
 4075         firstpte = (pt_entry_t *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(*pde & PG_FRAME);
 4076 setpde:
 4077         newpde = *firstpte;
 4078         if ((newpde & ((PG_FRAME & PDRMASK) | PG_A | PG_V)) != (PG_A | PG_V)) {
 4079                 atomic_add_long(&pmap_pde_p_failures, 1);
 4080                 CTR2(KTR_PMAP, "pmap_promote_pde: failure for va %#lx"
 4081                     " in pmap %p", va, pmap);
 4082                 return;
 4083         }
 4084         if ((newpde & (PG_M | PG_RW)) == PG_RW) {
 4085                 /*
 4086                  * When PG_M is already clear, PG_RW can be cleared without
 4087                  * a TLB invalidation.
 4088                  */
 4089                 if (!atomic_cmpset_long(firstpte, newpde, newpde & ~PG_RW))
 4090                         goto setpde;
 4091                 newpde &= ~PG_RW;
 4092         }
 4093 
 4094         /*
 4095          * Examine each of the other PTEs in the specified PTP.  Abort if this
 4096          * PTE maps an unexpected 4KB physical page or does not have identical
 4097          * characteristics to the first PTE.
 4098          */
 4099         pa = (newpde & (PG_PS_FRAME | PG_A | PG_V)) + NBPDR - PAGE_SIZE;
 4100         for (pte = firstpte + NPTEPG - 1; pte > firstpte; pte--) {
 4101 setpte:
 4102                 oldpte = *pte;
 4103                 if ((oldpte & (PG_FRAME | PG_A | PG_V)) != pa) {
 4104                         atomic_add_long(&pmap_pde_p_failures, 1);
 4105                         CTR2(KTR_PMAP, "pmap_promote_pde: failure for va %#lx"
 4106                             " in pmap %p", va, pmap);
 4107                         return;
 4108                 }
 4109                 if ((oldpte & (PG_M | PG_RW)) == PG_RW) {
 4110                         /*
 4111                          * When PG_M is already clear, PG_RW can be cleared
 4112                          * without a TLB invalidation.
 4113                          */
 4114                         if (!atomic_cmpset_long(pte, oldpte, oldpte & ~PG_RW))
 4115                                 goto setpte;
 4116                         oldpte &= ~PG_RW;
 4117                         CTR2(KTR_PMAP, "pmap_promote_pde: protect for va %#lx"
 4118                             " in pmap %p", (oldpte & PG_FRAME & PDRMASK) |
 4119                             (va & ~PDRMASK), pmap);
 4120                 }
 4121                 if ((oldpte & PG_PTE_PROMOTE) != (newpde & PG_PTE_PROMOTE)) {
 4122                         atomic_add_long(&pmap_pde_p_failures, 1);
 4123                         CTR2(KTR_PMAP, "pmap_promote_pde: failure for va %#lx"
 4124                             " in pmap %p", va, pmap);
 4125                         return;
 4126                 }
 4127                 pa -= PAGE_SIZE;
 4128         }
 4129 
 4130         /*
 4131          * Save the page table page in its current state until the PDE
 4132          * mapping the superpage is demoted by pmap_demote_pde() or
 4133          * destroyed by pmap_remove_pde(). 
 4134          */
 4135         mpte = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(*pde & PG_FRAME);
 4136         KASSERT(mpte >= vm_page_array &&
 4137             mpte < &vm_page_array[vm_page_array_size],
 4138             ("pmap_promote_pde: page table page is out of range"));
 4139         KASSERT(mpte->pindex == pmap_pde_pindex(va),
 4140             ("pmap_promote_pde: page table page's pindex is wrong"));
 4141         if (pmap_insert_pt_page(pmap, mpte)) {
 4142                 atomic_add_long(&pmap_pde_p_failures, 1);
 4143                 CTR2(KTR_PMAP,
 4144                     "pmap_promote_pde: failure for va %#lx in pmap %p", va,
 4145                     pmap);
 4146                 return;
 4147         }
 4148 
 4149         /*
 4150          * Promote the pv entries.
 4151          */
 4152         if ((newpde & PG_MANAGED) != 0)
 4153                 pmap_pv_promote_pde(pmap, va, newpde & PG_PS_FRAME, lockp);
 4154 
 4155         /*
 4156          * Propagate the PAT index to its proper position.
 4157          */
 4158         newpde = pmap_swap_pat(pmap, newpde);
 4159 
 4160         /*
 4161          * Map the superpage.
 4162          */
 4163         if (workaround_erratum383)
 4164                 pmap_update_pde(pmap, va, pde, PG_PS | newpde);
 4165         else
 4166                 pde_store(pde, PG_PS | newpde);
 4167 
 4168         atomic_add_long(&pmap_pde_promotions, 1);
 4169         CTR2(KTR_PMAP, "pmap_promote_pde: success for va %#lx"
 4170             " in pmap %p", va, pmap);
 4171 }
 4172 
 4173 /*
 4174  *      Insert the given physical page (p) at
 4175  *      the specified virtual address (v) in the
 4176  *      target physical map with the protection requested.
 4177  *
 4178  *      If specified, the page will be wired down, meaning
 4179  *      that the related pte can not be reclaimed.
 4180  *
 4181  *      NB:  This is the only routine which MAY NOT lazy-evaluate
 4182  *      or lose information.  That is, this routine must actually
 4183  *      insert this page into the given map NOW.
 4184  */
 4185 int
 4186 pmap_enter(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, vm_page_t m, vm_prot_t prot,
 4187     u_int flags, int8_t psind __unused)
 4188 {
 4189         struct rwlock *lock;
 4190         pd_entry_t *pde;
 4191         pt_entry_t *pte, PG_G, PG_A, PG_M, PG_RW, PG_V;
 4192         pt_entry_t newpte, origpte;
 4193         pv_entry_t pv;
 4194         vm_paddr_t opa, pa;
 4195         vm_page_t mpte, om;
 4196         boolean_t nosleep;
 4197 
 4198         PG_A = pmap_accessed_bit(pmap);
 4199         PG_G = pmap_global_bit(pmap);
 4200         PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(pmap);
 4201         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 4202         PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 4203 
 4204         va = trunc_page(va);
 4205         KASSERT(va <= VM_MAX_KERNEL_ADDRESS, ("pmap_enter: toobig"));
 4206         KASSERT(va < UPT_MIN_ADDRESS || va >= UPT_MAX_ADDRESS,
 4207             ("pmap_enter: invalid to pmap_enter page table pages (va: 0x%lx)",
 4208             va));
 4209         KASSERT((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) != 0 || va < kmi.clean_sva ||
 4210             va >= kmi.clean_eva,
 4211             ("pmap_enter: managed mapping within the clean submap"));
 4212         if ((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0 && !vm_page_xbusied(m))
 4213                 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_LOCKED(m->object);
 4214         pa = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m);
 4215         newpte = (pt_entry_t)(pa | PG_A | PG_V);
 4216         if ((flags & VM_PROT_WRITE) != 0)
 4217                 newpte |= PG_M;
 4218         if ((prot & VM_PROT_WRITE) != 0)
 4219                 newpte |= PG_RW;
 4220         KASSERT((newpte & (PG_M | PG_RW)) != PG_M,
 4221             ("pmap_enter: flags includes VM_PROT_WRITE but prot doesn't"));
 4222         if ((prot & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) == 0)
 4223                 newpte |= pg_nx;
 4224         if ((flags & PMAP_ENTER_WIRED) != 0)
 4225                 newpte |= PG_W;
 4226         if (va < VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS)
 4227                 newpte |= PG_U;
 4228         if (pmap == kernel_pmap)
 4229                 newpte |= PG_G;
 4230         newpte |= pmap_cache_bits(pmap, m->md.pat_mode, 0);
 4231 
 4232         /*
 4233          * Set modified bit gratuitously for writeable mappings if
 4234          * the page is unmanaged. We do not want to take a fault
 4235          * to do the dirty bit accounting for these mappings.
 4236          */
 4237         if ((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) != 0) {
 4238                 if ((newpte & PG_RW) != 0)
 4239                         newpte |= PG_M;
 4240         }
 4241 
 4242         mpte = NULL;
 4243 
 4244         lock = NULL;
 4245         rw_rlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 4246         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 4247 
 4248         /*
 4249          * In the case that a page table page is not
 4250          * resident, we are creating it here.
 4251          */
 4252 retry:
 4253         pde = pmap_pde(pmap, va);
 4254         if (pde != NULL && (*pde & PG_V) != 0 && ((*pde & PG_PS) == 0 ||
 4255             pmap_demote_pde_locked(pmap, pde, va, &lock))) {
 4256                 pte = pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, va);
 4257                 if (va < VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS && mpte == NULL) {
 4258                         mpte = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(*pde & PG_FRAME);
 4259                         mpte->wire_count++;
 4260                 }
 4261         } else if (va < VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS) {
 4262                 /*
 4263                  * Here if the pte page isn't mapped, or if it has been
 4264                  * deallocated.
 4265                  */
 4266                 nosleep = (flags & PMAP_ENTER_NOSLEEP) != 0;
 4267                 mpte = _pmap_allocpte(pmap, pmap_pde_pindex(va),
 4268                     nosleep ? NULL : &lock);
 4269                 if (mpte == NULL && nosleep) {
 4270                         if (lock != NULL)
 4271                                 rw_wunlock(lock);
 4272                         rw_runlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 4273                         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 4274                         return (KERN_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE);
 4275                 }
 4276                 goto retry;
 4277         } else
 4278                 panic("pmap_enter: invalid page directory va=%#lx", va);
 4279 
 4280         origpte = *pte;
 4281 
 4282         /*
 4283          * Is the specified virtual address already mapped?
 4284          */
 4285         if ((origpte & PG_V) != 0) {
 4286                 /*
 4287                  * Wiring change, just update stats. We don't worry about
 4288                  * wiring PT pages as they remain resident as long as there
 4289                  * are valid mappings in them. Hence, if a user page is wired,
 4290                  * the PT page will be also.
 4291                  */
 4292                 if ((newpte & PG_W) != 0 && (origpte & PG_W) == 0)
 4293                         pmap->pm_stats.wired_count++;
 4294                 else if ((newpte & PG_W) == 0 && (origpte & PG_W) != 0)
 4295                         pmap->pm_stats.wired_count--;
 4296 
 4297                 /*
 4298                  * Remove the extra PT page reference.
 4299                  */
 4300                 if (mpte != NULL) {
 4301                         mpte->wire_count--;
 4302                         KASSERT(mpte->wire_count > 0,
 4303                             ("pmap_enter: missing reference to page table page,"
 4304                              " va: 0x%lx", va));
 4305                 }
 4306 
 4307                 /*
 4308                  * Has the physical page changed?
 4309                  */
 4310                 opa = origpte & PG_FRAME;
 4311                 if (opa == pa) {
 4312                         /*
 4313                          * No, might be a protection or wiring change.
 4314                          */
 4315                         if ((origpte & PG_MANAGED) != 0) {
 4316                                 newpte |= PG_MANAGED;
 4317                                 if ((newpte & PG_RW) != 0)
 4318                                         vm_page_aflag_set(m, PGA_WRITEABLE);
 4319                         }
 4320                         if (((origpte ^ newpte) & ~(PG_M | PG_A)) == 0)
 4321                                 goto unchanged;
 4322                         goto validate;
 4323                 }
 4324         } else {
 4325                 /*
 4326                  * Increment the counters.
 4327                  */
 4328                 if ((newpte & PG_W) != 0)
 4329                         pmap->pm_stats.wired_count++;
 4330                 pmap_resident_count_inc(pmap, 1);
 4331         }
 4332 
 4333         /*
 4334          * Enter on the PV list if part of our managed memory.
 4335          */
 4336         if ((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0) {
 4337                 newpte |= PG_MANAGED;
 4338                 pv = get_pv_entry(pmap, &lock);
 4339                 pv->pv_va = va;
 4340                 CHANGE_PV_LIST_LOCK_TO_PHYS(&lock, pa);
 4341                 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&m->md.pv_list, pv, pv_next);
 4342                 m->md.pv_gen++;
 4343                 if ((newpte & PG_RW) != 0)
 4344                         vm_page_aflag_set(m, PGA_WRITEABLE);
 4345         }
 4346 
 4347         /*
 4348          * Update the PTE.
 4349          */
 4350         if ((origpte & PG_V) != 0) {
 4351 validate:
 4352                 origpte = pte_load_store(pte, newpte);
 4353                 opa = origpte & PG_FRAME;
 4354                 if (opa != pa) {
 4355                         if ((origpte & PG_MANAGED) != 0) {
 4356                                 om = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(opa);
 4357                                 if ((origpte & (PG_M | PG_RW)) == (PG_M |
 4358                                     PG_RW))
 4359                                         vm_page_dirty(om);
 4360                                 if ((origpte & PG_A) != 0)
 4361                                         vm_page_aflag_set(om, PGA_REFERENCED);
 4362                                 CHANGE_PV_LIST_LOCK_TO_PHYS(&lock, opa);
 4363                                 pmap_pvh_free(&om->md, pmap, va);
 4364                                 if ((om->aflags & PGA_WRITEABLE) != 0 &&
 4365                                     TAILQ_EMPTY(&om->md.pv_list) &&
 4366                                     ((om->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) != 0 ||
 4367                                     TAILQ_EMPTY(&pa_to_pvh(opa)->pv_list)))
 4368                                         vm_page_aflag_clear(om, PGA_WRITEABLE);
 4369                         }
 4370                 } else if ((newpte & PG_M) == 0 && (origpte & (PG_M |
 4371                     PG_RW)) == (PG_M | PG_RW)) {
 4372                         if ((origpte & PG_MANAGED) != 0)
 4373                                 vm_page_dirty(m);
 4374 
 4375                         /*
 4376                          * Although the PTE may still have PG_RW set, TLB
 4377                          * invalidation may nonetheless be required because
 4378                          * the PTE no longer has PG_M set.
 4379                          */
 4380                 } else if ((origpte & PG_NX) != 0 || (newpte & PG_NX) == 0) {
 4381                         /*
 4382                          * This PTE change does not require TLB invalidation.
 4383                          */
 4384                         goto unchanged;
 4385                 }
 4386                 if ((origpte & PG_A) != 0)
 4387                         pmap_invalidate_page(pmap, va);
 4388         } else
 4389                 pte_store(pte, newpte);
 4390 
 4391 unchanged:
 4392 
 4393         /*
 4394          * If both the page table page and the reservation are fully
 4395          * populated, then attempt promotion.
 4396          */
 4397         if ((mpte == NULL || mpte->wire_count == NPTEPG) &&
 4398             pmap_ps_enabled(pmap) &&
 4399             (m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) == 0 &&
 4400             vm_reserv_level_iffullpop(m) == 0)
 4401                 pmap_promote_pde(pmap, pde, va, &lock);
 4402 
 4403         if (lock != NULL)
 4404                 rw_wunlock(lock);
 4405         rw_runlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 4406         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 4407         return (KERN_SUCCESS);
 4408 }
 4409 
 4410 /*
 4411  * Tries to create a 2MB page mapping.  Returns TRUE if successful and FALSE
 4412  * otherwise.  Fails if (1) a page table page cannot be allocated without
 4413  * blocking, (2) a mapping already exists at the specified virtual address, or
 4414  * (3) a pv entry cannot be allocated without reclaiming another pv entry. 
 4415  */
 4416 static boolean_t
 4417 pmap_enter_pde(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, vm_page_t m, vm_prot_t prot,
 4418     struct rwlock **lockp)
 4419 {
 4420         pd_entry_t *pde, newpde;
 4421         pt_entry_t PG_V;
 4422         vm_page_t mpde;
 4423         struct spglist free;
 4424 
 4425         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 4426         rw_assert(&pvh_global_lock, RA_LOCKED);
 4427         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
 4428 
 4429         if ((mpde = pmap_allocpde(pmap, va, NULL)) == NULL) {
 4430                 CTR2(KTR_PMAP, "pmap_enter_pde: failure for va %#lx"
 4431                     " in pmap %p", va, pmap);
 4432                 return (FALSE);
 4433         }
 4434         pde = (pd_entry_t *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(mpde));
 4435         pde = &pde[pmap_pde_index(va)];
 4436         if ((*pde & PG_V) != 0) {
 4437                 KASSERT(mpde->wire_count > 1,
 4438                     ("pmap_enter_pde: mpde's wire count is too low"));
 4439                 mpde->wire_count--;
 4440                 CTR2(KTR_PMAP, "pmap_enter_pde: failure for va %#lx"
 4441                     " in pmap %p", va, pmap);
 4442                 return (FALSE);
 4443         }
 4444         newpde = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m) | pmap_cache_bits(pmap, m->md.pat_mode, 1) |
 4445             PG_PS | PG_V;
 4446         if ((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0) {
 4447                 newpde |= PG_MANAGED;
 4448 
 4449                 /*
 4450                  * Abort this mapping if its PV entry could not be created.
 4451                  */
 4452                 if (!pmap_pv_insert_pde(pmap, va, VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m),
 4453                     lockp)) {
 4454                         SLIST_INIT(&free);
 4455                         if (pmap_unwire_ptp(pmap, va, mpde, &free)) {
 4456                                 pmap_invalidate_page(pmap, va);
 4457                                 pmap_free_zero_pages(&free);
 4458                         }
 4459                         CTR2(KTR_PMAP, "pmap_enter_pde: failure for va %#lx"
 4460                             " in pmap %p", va, pmap);
 4461                         return (FALSE);
 4462                 }
 4463         }
 4464         if ((prot & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) == 0)
 4465                 newpde |= pg_nx;
 4466         if (va < VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS)
 4467                 newpde |= PG_U;
 4468 
 4469         /*
 4470          * Increment counters.
 4471          */
 4472         pmap_resident_count_inc(pmap, NBPDR / PAGE_SIZE);
 4473 
 4474         /*
 4475          * Map the superpage.
 4476          */
 4477         pde_store(pde, newpde);
 4478 
 4479         atomic_add_long(&pmap_pde_mappings, 1);
 4480         CTR2(KTR_PMAP, "pmap_enter_pde: success for va %#lx"
 4481             " in pmap %p", va, pmap);
 4482         return (TRUE);
 4483 }
 4484 
 4485 /*
 4486  * Maps a sequence of resident pages belonging to the same object.
 4487  * The sequence begins with the given page m_start.  This page is
 4488  * mapped at the given virtual address start.  Each subsequent page is
 4489  * mapped at a virtual address that is offset from start by the same
 4490  * amount as the page is offset from m_start within the object.  The
 4491  * last page in the sequence is the page with the largest offset from
 4492  * m_start that can be mapped at a virtual address less than the given
 4493  * virtual address end.  Not every virtual page between start and end
 4494  * is mapped; only those for which a resident page exists with the
 4495  * corresponding offset from m_start are mapped.
 4496  */
 4497 void
 4498 pmap_enter_object(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t start, vm_offset_t end,
 4499     vm_page_t m_start, vm_prot_t prot)
 4500 {
 4501         struct rwlock *lock;
 4502         vm_offset_t va;
 4503         vm_page_t m, mpte;
 4504         vm_pindex_t diff, psize;
 4505 
 4506         VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_LOCKED(m_start->object);
 4507 
 4508         psize = atop(end - start);
 4509         mpte = NULL;
 4510         m = m_start;
 4511         lock = NULL;
 4512         rw_rlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 4513         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 4514         while (m != NULL && (diff = m->pindex - m_start->pindex) < psize) {
 4515                 va = start + ptoa(diff);
 4516                 if ((va & PDRMASK) == 0 && va + NBPDR <= end &&
 4517                     m->psind == 1 && pmap_ps_enabled(pmap) &&
 4518                     pmap_enter_pde(pmap, va, m, prot, &lock))
 4519                         m = &m[NBPDR / PAGE_SIZE - 1];
 4520                 else
 4521                         mpte = pmap_enter_quick_locked(pmap, va, m, prot,
 4522                             mpte, &lock);
 4523                 m = TAILQ_NEXT(m, listq);
 4524         }
 4525         if (lock != NULL)
 4526                 rw_wunlock(lock);
 4527         rw_runlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 4528         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 4529 }
 4530 
 4531 /*
 4532  * this code makes some *MAJOR* assumptions:
 4533  * 1. Current pmap & pmap exists.
 4534  * 2. Not wired.
 4535  * 3. Read access.
 4536  * 4. No page table pages.
 4537  * but is *MUCH* faster than pmap_enter...
 4538  */
 4539 
 4540 void
 4541 pmap_enter_quick(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, vm_page_t m, vm_prot_t prot)
 4542 {
 4543         struct rwlock *lock;
 4544 
 4545         lock = NULL;
 4546         rw_rlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 4547         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 4548         (void)pmap_enter_quick_locked(pmap, va, m, prot, NULL, &lock);
 4549         if (lock != NULL)
 4550                 rw_wunlock(lock);
 4551         rw_runlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 4552         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 4553 }
 4554 
 4555 static vm_page_t
 4556 pmap_enter_quick_locked(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, vm_page_t m,
 4557     vm_prot_t prot, vm_page_t mpte, struct rwlock **lockp)
 4558 {
 4559         struct spglist free;
 4560         pt_entry_t *pte, PG_V;
 4561         vm_paddr_t pa;
 4562 
 4563         KASSERT(va < kmi.clean_sva || va >= kmi.clean_eva ||
 4564             (m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) != 0,
 4565             ("pmap_enter_quick_locked: managed mapping within the clean submap"));
 4566         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 4567         rw_assert(&pvh_global_lock, RA_LOCKED);
 4568         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
 4569 
 4570         /*
 4571          * In the case that a page table page is not
 4572          * resident, we are creating it here.
 4573          */
 4574         if (va < VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS) {
 4575                 vm_pindex_t ptepindex;
 4576                 pd_entry_t *ptepa;
 4577 
 4578                 /*
 4579                  * Calculate pagetable page index
 4580                  */
 4581                 ptepindex = pmap_pde_pindex(va);
 4582                 if (mpte && (mpte->pindex == ptepindex)) {
 4583                         mpte->wire_count++;
 4584                 } else {
 4585                         /*
 4586                          * Get the page directory entry
 4587                          */
 4588                         ptepa = pmap_pde(pmap, va);
 4589 
 4590                         /*
 4591                          * If the page table page is mapped, we just increment
 4592                          * the hold count, and activate it.  Otherwise, we
 4593                          * attempt to allocate a page table page.  If this
 4594                          * attempt fails, we don't retry.  Instead, we give up.
 4595                          */
 4596                         if (ptepa && (*ptepa & PG_V) != 0) {
 4597                                 if (*ptepa & PG_PS)
 4598                                         return (NULL);
 4599                                 mpte = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(*ptepa & PG_FRAME);
 4600                                 mpte->wire_count++;
 4601                         } else {
 4602                                 /*
 4603                                  * Pass NULL instead of the PV list lock
 4604                                  * pointer, because we don't intend to sleep.
 4605                                  */
 4606                                 mpte = _pmap_allocpte(pmap, ptepindex, NULL);
 4607                                 if (mpte == NULL)
 4608                                         return (mpte);
 4609                         }
 4610                 }
 4611                 pte = (pt_entry_t *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(mpte));
 4612                 pte = &pte[pmap_pte_index(va)];
 4613         } else {
 4614                 mpte = NULL;
 4615                 pte = vtopte(va);
 4616         }
 4617         if (*pte) {
 4618                 if (mpte != NULL) {
 4619                         mpte->wire_count--;
 4620                         mpte = NULL;
 4621                 }
 4622                 return (mpte);
 4623         }
 4624 
 4625         /*
 4626          * Enter on the PV list if part of our managed memory.
 4627          */
 4628         if ((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0 &&
 4629             !pmap_try_insert_pv_entry(pmap, va, m, lockp)) {
 4630                 if (mpte != NULL) {
 4631                         SLIST_INIT(&free);
 4632                         if (pmap_unwire_ptp(pmap, va, mpte, &free)) {
 4633                                 pmap_invalidate_page(pmap, va);
 4634                                 pmap_free_zero_pages(&free);
 4635                         }
 4636                         mpte = NULL;
 4637                 }
 4638                 return (mpte);
 4639         }
 4640 
 4641         /*
 4642          * Increment counters
 4643          */
 4644         pmap_resident_count_inc(pmap, 1);
 4645 
 4646         pa = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m) | pmap_cache_bits(pmap, m->md.pat_mode, 0);
 4647         if ((prot & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) == 0)
 4648                 pa |= pg_nx;
 4649 
 4650         /*
 4651          * Now validate mapping with RO protection
 4652          */
 4653         if ((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) != 0)
 4654                 pte_store(pte, pa | PG_V | PG_U);
 4655         else
 4656                 pte_store(pte, pa | PG_V | PG_U | PG_MANAGED);
 4657         return (mpte);
 4658 }
 4659 
 4660 /*
 4661  * Make a temporary mapping for a physical address.  This is only intended
 4662  * to be used for panic dumps.
 4663  */
 4664 void *
 4665 pmap_kenter_temporary(vm_paddr_t pa, int i)
 4666 {
 4667         vm_offset_t va;
 4668 
 4669         va = (vm_offset_t)crashdumpmap + (i * PAGE_SIZE);
 4670         pmap_kenter(va, pa);
 4671         invlpg(va);
 4672         return ((void *)crashdumpmap);
 4673 }
 4674 
 4675 /*
 4676  * This code maps large physical mmap regions into the
 4677  * processor address space.  Note that some shortcuts
 4678  * are taken, but the code works.
 4679  */
 4680 void
 4681 pmap_object_init_pt(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t addr, vm_object_t object,
 4682     vm_pindex_t pindex, vm_size_t size)
 4683 {
 4684         pd_entry_t *pde;
 4685         pt_entry_t PG_A, PG_M, PG_RW, PG_V;
 4686         vm_paddr_t pa, ptepa;
 4687         vm_page_t p, pdpg;
 4688         int pat_mode;
 4689 
 4690         PG_A = pmap_accessed_bit(pmap);
 4691         PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(pmap);
 4692         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 4693         PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 4694 
 4695         VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
 4696         KASSERT(object->type == OBJT_DEVICE || object->type == OBJT_SG,
 4697             ("pmap_object_init_pt: non-device object"));
 4698         if ((addr & (NBPDR - 1)) == 0 && (size & (NBPDR - 1)) == 0) {
 4699                 if (!pmap_ps_enabled(pmap))
 4700                         return;
 4701                 if (!vm_object_populate(object, pindex, pindex + atop(size)))
 4702                         return;
 4703                 p = vm_page_lookup(object, pindex);
 4704                 KASSERT(p->valid == VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL,
 4705                     ("pmap_object_init_pt: invalid page %p", p));
 4706                 pat_mode = p->md.pat_mode;
 4707 
 4708                 /*
 4709                  * Abort the mapping if the first page is not physically
 4710                  * aligned to a 2MB page boundary.
 4711                  */
 4712                 ptepa = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(p);
 4713                 if (ptepa & (NBPDR - 1))
 4714                         return;
 4715 
 4716                 /*
 4717                  * Skip the first page.  Abort the mapping if the rest of
 4718                  * the pages are not physically contiguous or have differing
 4719                  * memory attributes.
 4720                  */
 4721                 p = TAILQ_NEXT(p, listq);
 4722                 for (pa = ptepa + PAGE_SIZE; pa < ptepa + size;
 4723                     pa += PAGE_SIZE) {
 4724                         KASSERT(p->valid == VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL,
 4725                             ("pmap_object_init_pt: invalid page %p", p));
 4726                         if (pa != VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(p) ||
 4727                             pat_mode != p->md.pat_mode)
 4728                                 return;
 4729                         p = TAILQ_NEXT(p, listq);
 4730                 }
 4731 
 4732                 /*
 4733                  * Map using 2MB pages.  Since "ptepa" is 2M aligned and
 4734                  * "size" is a multiple of 2M, adding the PAT setting to "pa"
 4735                  * will not affect the termination of this loop.
 4736                  */ 
 4737                 PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 4738                 for (pa = ptepa | pmap_cache_bits(pmap, pat_mode, 1);
 4739                     pa < ptepa + size; pa += NBPDR) {
 4740                         pdpg = pmap_allocpde(pmap, addr, NULL);
 4741                         if (pdpg == NULL) {
 4742                                 /*
 4743                                  * The creation of mappings below is only an
 4744                                  * optimization.  If a page directory page
 4745                                  * cannot be allocated without blocking,
 4746                                  * continue on to the next mapping rather than
 4747                                  * blocking.
 4748                                  */
 4749                                 addr += NBPDR;
 4750                                 continue;
 4751                         }
 4752                         pde = (pd_entry_t *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(pdpg));
 4753                         pde = &pde[pmap_pde_index(addr)];
 4754                         if ((*pde & PG_V) == 0) {
 4755                                 pde_store(pde, pa | PG_PS | PG_M | PG_A |
 4756                                     PG_U | PG_RW | PG_V);
 4757                                 pmap_resident_count_inc(pmap, NBPDR / PAGE_SIZE);
 4758                                 atomic_add_long(&pmap_pde_mappings, 1);
 4759                         } else {
 4760                                 /* Continue on if the PDE is already valid. */
 4761                                 pdpg->wire_count--;
 4762                                 KASSERT(pdpg->wire_count > 0,
 4763                                     ("pmap_object_init_pt: missing reference "
 4764                                     "to page directory page, va: 0x%lx", addr));
 4765                         }
 4766                         addr += NBPDR;
 4767                 }
 4768                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 4769         }
 4770 }
 4771 
 4772 /*
 4773  *      Clear the wired attribute from the mappings for the specified range of
 4774  *      addresses in the given pmap.  Every valid mapping within that range
 4775  *      must have the wired attribute set.  In contrast, invalid mappings
 4776  *      cannot have the wired attribute set, so they are ignored.
 4777  *
 4778  *      The wired attribute of the page table entry is not a hardware feature,
 4779  *      so there is no need to invalidate any TLB entries.
 4780  */
 4781 void
 4782 pmap_unwire(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t sva, vm_offset_t eva)
 4783 {
 4784         vm_offset_t va_next;
 4785         pml4_entry_t *pml4e;
 4786         pdp_entry_t *pdpe;
 4787         pd_entry_t *pde;
 4788         pt_entry_t *pte, PG_V;
 4789         boolean_t pv_lists_locked;
 4790 
 4791         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 4792         pv_lists_locked = FALSE;
 4793 resume:
 4794         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 4795         for (; sva < eva; sva = va_next) {
 4796                 pml4e = pmap_pml4e(pmap, sva);
 4797                 if ((*pml4e & PG_V) == 0) {
 4798                         va_next = (sva + NBPML4) & ~PML4MASK;
 4799                         if (va_next < sva)
 4800                                 va_next = eva;
 4801                         continue;
 4802                 }
 4803                 pdpe = pmap_pml4e_to_pdpe(pml4e, sva);
 4804                 if ((*pdpe & PG_V) == 0) {
 4805                         va_next = (sva + NBPDP) & ~PDPMASK;
 4806                         if (va_next < sva)
 4807                                 va_next = eva;
 4808                         continue;
 4809                 }
 4810                 va_next = (sva + NBPDR) & ~PDRMASK;
 4811                 if (va_next < sva)
 4812                         va_next = eva;
 4813                 pde = pmap_pdpe_to_pde(pdpe, sva);
 4814                 if ((*pde & PG_V) == 0)
 4815                         continue;
 4816                 if ((*pde & PG_PS) != 0) {
 4817                         if ((*pde & PG_W) == 0)
 4818                                 panic("pmap_unwire: pde %#jx is missing PG_W",
 4819                                     (uintmax_t)*pde);
 4820 
 4821                         /*
 4822                          * Are we unwiring the entire large page?  If not,
 4823                          * demote the mapping and fall through.
 4824                          */
 4825                         if (sva + NBPDR == va_next && eva >= va_next) {
 4826                                 atomic_clear_long(pde, PG_W);
 4827                                 pmap->pm_stats.wired_count -= NBPDR /
 4828                                     PAGE_SIZE;
 4829                                 continue;
 4830                         } else {
 4831                                 if (!pv_lists_locked) {
 4832                                         pv_lists_locked = TRUE;
 4833                                         if (!rw_try_rlock(&pvh_global_lock)) {
 4834                                                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 4835                                                 rw_rlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 4836                                                 /* Repeat sva. */
 4837                                                 goto resume;
 4838                                         }
 4839                                 }
 4840                                 if (!pmap_demote_pde(pmap, pde, sva))
 4841                                         panic("pmap_unwire: demotion failed");
 4842                         }
 4843                 }
 4844                 if (va_next > eva)
 4845                         va_next = eva;
 4846                 for (pte = pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, sva); sva != va_next; pte++,
 4847                     sva += PAGE_SIZE) {
 4848                         if ((*pte & PG_V) == 0)
 4849                                 continue;
 4850                         if ((*pte & PG_W) == 0)
 4851                                 panic("pmap_unwire: pte %#jx is missing PG_W",
 4852                                     (uintmax_t)*pte);
 4853 
 4854                         /*
 4855                          * PG_W must be cleared atomically.  Although the pmap
 4856                          * lock synchronizes access to PG_W, another processor
 4857                          * could be setting PG_M and/or PG_A concurrently.
 4858                          */
 4859                         atomic_clear_long(pte, PG_W);
 4860                         pmap->pm_stats.wired_count--;
 4861                 }
 4862         }
 4863         if (pv_lists_locked)
 4864                 rw_runlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 4865         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 4866 }
 4867 
 4868 /*
 4869  *      Copy the range specified by src_addr/len
 4870  *      from the source map to the range dst_addr/len
 4871  *      in the destination map.
 4872  *
 4873  *      This routine is only advisory and need not do anything.
 4874  */
 4875 
 4876 void
 4877 pmap_copy(pmap_t dst_pmap, pmap_t src_pmap, vm_offset_t dst_addr, vm_size_t len,
 4878     vm_offset_t src_addr)
 4879 {
 4880         struct rwlock *lock;
 4881         struct spglist free;
 4882         vm_offset_t addr;
 4883         vm_offset_t end_addr = src_addr + len;
 4884         vm_offset_t va_next;
 4885         pt_entry_t PG_A, PG_M, PG_V;
 4886 
 4887         if (dst_addr != src_addr)
 4888                 return;
 4889 
 4890         if (dst_pmap->pm_type != src_pmap->pm_type)
 4891                 return;
 4892 
 4893         /*
 4894          * EPT page table entries that require emulation of A/D bits are
 4895          * sensitive to clearing the PG_A bit (aka EPT_PG_READ). Although
 4896          * we clear PG_M (aka EPT_PG_WRITE) concomitantly, the PG_U bit
 4897          * (aka EPT_PG_EXECUTE) could still be set. Since some EPT
 4898          * implementations flag an EPT misconfiguration for exec-only
 4899          * mappings we skip this function entirely for emulated pmaps.
 4900          */
 4901         if (pmap_emulate_ad_bits(dst_pmap))
 4902                 return;
 4903 
 4904         lock = NULL;
 4905         rw_rlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 4906         if (dst_pmap < src_pmap) {
 4907                 PMAP_LOCK(dst_pmap);
 4908                 PMAP_LOCK(src_pmap);
 4909         } else {
 4910                 PMAP_LOCK(src_pmap);
 4911                 PMAP_LOCK(dst_pmap);
 4912         }
 4913 
 4914         PG_A = pmap_accessed_bit(dst_pmap);
 4915         PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(dst_pmap);
 4916         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(dst_pmap);
 4917 
 4918         for (addr = src_addr; addr < end_addr; addr = va_next) {
 4919                 pt_entry_t *src_pte, *dst_pte;
 4920                 vm_page_t dstmpde, dstmpte, srcmpte;
 4921                 pml4_entry_t *pml4e;
 4922                 pdp_entry_t *pdpe;
 4923                 pd_entry_t srcptepaddr, *pde;
 4924 
 4925                 KASSERT(addr < UPT_MIN_ADDRESS,
 4926                     ("pmap_copy: invalid to pmap_copy page tables"));
 4927 
 4928                 pml4e = pmap_pml4e(src_pmap, addr);
 4929                 if ((*pml4e & PG_V) == 0) {
 4930                         va_next = (addr + NBPML4) & ~PML4MASK;
 4931                         if (va_next < addr)
 4932                                 va_next = end_addr;
 4933                         continue;
 4934                 }
 4935 
 4936                 pdpe = pmap_pml4e_to_pdpe(pml4e, addr);
 4937                 if ((*pdpe & PG_V) == 0) {
 4938                         va_next = (addr + NBPDP) & ~PDPMASK;
 4939                         if (va_next < addr)
 4940                                 va_next = end_addr;
 4941                         continue;
 4942                 }
 4943 
 4944                 va_next = (addr + NBPDR) & ~PDRMASK;
 4945                 if (va_next < addr)
 4946                         va_next = end_addr;
 4947 
 4948                 pde = pmap_pdpe_to_pde(pdpe, addr);
 4949                 srcptepaddr = *pde;
 4950                 if (srcptepaddr == 0)
 4951                         continue;
 4952                         
 4953                 if (srcptepaddr & PG_PS) {
 4954                         if ((addr & PDRMASK) != 0 || addr + NBPDR > end_addr)
 4955                                 continue;
 4956                         dstmpde = pmap_allocpde(dst_pmap, addr, NULL);
 4957                         if (dstmpde == NULL)
 4958                                 break;
 4959                         pde = (pd_entry_t *)
 4960                             PHYS_TO_DMAP(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(dstmpde));
 4961                         pde = &pde[pmap_pde_index(addr)];
 4962                         if (*pde == 0 && ((srcptepaddr & PG_MANAGED) == 0 ||
 4963                             pmap_pv_insert_pde(dst_pmap, addr, srcptepaddr &
 4964                             PG_PS_FRAME, &lock))) {
 4965                                 *pde = srcptepaddr & ~PG_W;
 4966                                 pmap_resident_count_inc(dst_pmap, NBPDR / PAGE_SIZE);
 4967                         } else
 4968                                 dstmpde->wire_count--;
 4969                         continue;
 4970                 }
 4971 
 4972                 srcptepaddr &= PG_FRAME;
 4973                 srcmpte = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(srcptepaddr);
 4974                 KASSERT(srcmpte->wire_count > 0,
 4975                     ("pmap_copy: source page table page is unused"));
 4976 
 4977                 if (va_next > end_addr)
 4978                         va_next = end_addr;
 4979 
 4980                 src_pte = (pt_entry_t *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(srcptepaddr);
 4981                 src_pte = &src_pte[pmap_pte_index(addr)];
 4982                 dstmpte = NULL;
 4983                 while (addr < va_next) {
 4984                         pt_entry_t ptetemp;
 4985                         ptetemp = *src_pte;
 4986                         /*
 4987                          * we only virtual copy managed pages
 4988                          */
 4989                         if ((ptetemp & PG_MANAGED) != 0) {
 4990                                 if (dstmpte != NULL &&
 4991                                     dstmpte->pindex == pmap_pde_pindex(addr))
 4992                                         dstmpte->wire_count++;
 4993                                 else if ((dstmpte = pmap_allocpte(dst_pmap,
 4994                                     addr, NULL)) == NULL)
 4995                                         goto out;
 4996                                 dst_pte = (pt_entry_t *)
 4997                                     PHYS_TO_DMAP(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(dstmpte));
 4998                                 dst_pte = &dst_pte[pmap_pte_index(addr)];
 4999                                 if (*dst_pte == 0 &&
 5000                                     pmap_try_insert_pv_entry(dst_pmap, addr,
 5001                                     PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(ptetemp & PG_FRAME),
 5002                                     &lock)) {
 5003                                         /*
 5004                                          * Clear the wired, modified, and
 5005                                          * accessed (referenced) bits
 5006                                          * during the copy.
 5007                                          */
 5008                                         *dst_pte = ptetemp & ~(PG_W | PG_M |
 5009                                             PG_A);
 5010                                         pmap_resident_count_inc(dst_pmap, 1);
 5011                                 } else {
 5012                                         SLIST_INIT(&free);
 5013                                         if (pmap_unwire_ptp(dst_pmap, addr,
 5014                                             dstmpte, &free)) {
 5015                                                 pmap_invalidate_page(dst_pmap,
 5016                                                     addr);
 5017                                                 pmap_free_zero_pages(&free);
 5018                                         }
 5019                                         goto out;
 5020                                 }
 5021                                 if (dstmpte->wire_count >= srcmpte->wire_count)
 5022                                         break;
 5023                         }
 5024                         addr += PAGE_SIZE;
 5025                         src_pte++;
 5026                 }
 5027         }
 5028 out:
 5029         if (lock != NULL)
 5030                 rw_wunlock(lock);
 5031         rw_runlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 5032         PMAP_UNLOCK(src_pmap);
 5033         PMAP_UNLOCK(dst_pmap);
 5034 }
 5035 
 5036 /*
 5037  *      pmap_zero_page zeros the specified hardware page by mapping
 5038  *      the page into KVM and using bzero to clear its contents.
 5039  */
 5040 void
 5041 pmap_zero_page(vm_page_t m)
 5042 {
 5043         vm_offset_t va = PHYS_TO_DMAP(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m));
 5044 
 5045         pagezero((void *)va);
 5046 }
 5047 
 5048 /*
 5049  *      pmap_zero_page_area zeros the specified hardware page by mapping 
 5050  *      the page into KVM and using bzero to clear its contents.
 5051  *
 5052  *      off and size may not cover an area beyond a single hardware page.
 5053  */
 5054 void
 5055 pmap_zero_page_area(vm_page_t m, int off, int size)
 5056 {
 5057         vm_offset_t va = PHYS_TO_DMAP(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m));
 5058 
 5059         if (off == 0 && size == PAGE_SIZE)
 5060                 pagezero((void *)va);
 5061         else
 5062                 bzero((char *)va + off, size);
 5063 }
 5064 
 5065 /*
 5066  *      pmap_zero_page_idle zeros the specified hardware page by mapping 
 5067  *      the page into KVM and using bzero to clear its contents.  This
 5068  *      is intended to be called from the vm_pagezero process only and
 5069  *      outside of Giant.
 5070  */
 5071 void
 5072 pmap_zero_page_idle(vm_page_t m)
 5073 {
 5074         vm_offset_t va = PHYS_TO_DMAP(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m));
 5075 
 5076         pagezero((void *)va);
 5077 }
 5078 
 5079 /*
 5080  *      pmap_copy_page copies the specified (machine independent)
 5081  *      page by mapping the page into virtual memory and using
 5082  *      bcopy to copy the page, one machine dependent page at a
 5083  *      time.
 5084  */
 5085 void
 5086 pmap_copy_page(vm_page_t msrc, vm_page_t mdst)
 5087 {
 5088         vm_offset_t src = PHYS_TO_DMAP(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(msrc));
 5089         vm_offset_t dst = PHYS_TO_DMAP(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(mdst));
 5090 
 5091         pagecopy((void *)src, (void *)dst);
 5092 }
 5093 
 5094 int unmapped_buf_allowed = 1;
 5095 
 5096 void
 5097 pmap_copy_pages(vm_page_t ma[], vm_offset_t a_offset, vm_page_t mb[],
 5098     vm_offset_t b_offset, int xfersize)
 5099 {
 5100         void *a_cp, *b_cp;
 5101         vm_page_t m_a, m_b;
 5102         vm_paddr_t p_a, p_b;
 5103         pt_entry_t *pte;
 5104         vm_offset_t a_pg_offset, b_pg_offset;
 5105         int cnt;
 5106         boolean_t pinned;
 5107 
 5108         /*
 5109          * NB:  The sequence of updating a page table followed by accesses
 5110          * to the corresponding pages used in the !DMAP case is subject to
 5111          * the situation described in the "AMD64 Architecture Programmer's
 5112          * Manual Volume 2: System Programming" rev. 3.23, "7.3.1 Special
 5113          * Coherency Considerations".  Therefore, issuing the INVLPG right
 5114          * after modifying the PTE bits is crucial.
 5115          */
 5116         pinned = FALSE;
 5117         while (xfersize > 0) {
 5118                 a_pg_offset = a_offset & PAGE_MASK;
 5119                 m_a = ma[a_offset >> PAGE_SHIFT];
 5120                 p_a = m_a->phys_addr;
 5121                 b_pg_offset = b_offset & PAGE_MASK;
 5122                 m_b = mb[b_offset >> PAGE_SHIFT];
 5123                 p_b = m_b->phys_addr;
 5124                 cnt = min(xfersize, PAGE_SIZE - a_pg_offset);
 5125                 cnt = min(cnt, PAGE_SIZE - b_pg_offset);
 5126                 if (__predict_false(p_a < DMAP_MIN_ADDRESS ||
 5127                     p_a > DMAP_MIN_ADDRESS + dmaplimit)) {
 5128                         mtx_lock(&cpage_lock);
 5129                         sched_pin();
 5130                         pinned = TRUE;
 5131                         pte = vtopte(cpage_a);
 5132                         *pte = p_a | X86_PG_A | X86_PG_V |
 5133                             pmap_cache_bits(kernel_pmap, m_a->md.pat_mode, 0);
 5134                         invlpg(cpage_a);
 5135                         a_cp = (char *)cpage_a + a_pg_offset;
 5136                 } else {
 5137                         a_cp = (char *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(p_a) + a_pg_offset;
 5138                 }
 5139                 if (__predict_false(p_b < DMAP_MIN_ADDRESS ||
 5140                     p_b > DMAP_MIN_ADDRESS + dmaplimit)) {
 5141                         if (!pinned) {
 5142                                 mtx_lock(&cpage_lock);
 5143                                 sched_pin();
 5144                                 pinned = TRUE;
 5145                         }
 5146                         pte = vtopte(cpage_b);
 5147                         *pte = p_b | X86_PG_A | X86_PG_M | X86_PG_RW |
 5148                             X86_PG_V | pmap_cache_bits(kernel_pmap,
 5149                             m_b->md.pat_mode, 0);
 5150                         invlpg(cpage_b);
 5151                         b_cp = (char *)cpage_b + b_pg_offset;
 5152                 } else {
 5153                         b_cp = (char *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(p_b) + b_pg_offset;
 5154                 }
 5155                 bcopy(a_cp, b_cp, cnt);
 5156                 if (__predict_false(pinned)) {
 5157                         sched_unpin();
 5158                         mtx_unlock(&cpage_lock);
 5159                         pinned = FALSE;
 5160                 }
 5161                 a_offset += cnt;
 5162                 b_offset += cnt;
 5163                 xfersize -= cnt;
 5164         }
 5165 }
 5166 
 5167 /*
 5168  * Returns true if the pmap's pv is one of the first
 5169  * 16 pvs linked to from this page.  This count may
 5170  * be changed upwards or downwards in the future; it
 5171  * is only necessary that true be returned for a small
 5172  * subset of pmaps for proper page aging.
 5173  */
 5174 boolean_t
 5175 pmap_page_exists_quick(pmap_t pmap, vm_page_t m)
 5176 {
 5177         struct md_page *pvh;
 5178         struct rwlock *lock;
 5179         pv_entry_t pv;
 5180         int loops = 0;
 5181         boolean_t rv;
 5182 
 5183         KASSERT((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0,
 5184             ("pmap_page_exists_quick: page %p is not managed", m));
 5185         rv = FALSE;
 5186         rw_rlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 5187         lock = VM_PAGE_TO_PV_LIST_LOCK(m);
 5188         rw_rlock(lock);
 5189         TAILQ_FOREACH(pv, &m->md.pv_list, pv_next) {
 5190                 if (PV_PMAP(pv) == pmap) {
 5191                         rv = TRUE;
 5192                         break;
 5193                 }
 5194                 loops++;
 5195                 if (loops >= 16)
 5196                         break;
 5197         }
 5198         if (!rv && loops < 16 && (m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) == 0) {
 5199                 pvh = pa_to_pvh(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m));
 5200                 TAILQ_FOREACH(pv, &pvh->pv_list, pv_next) {
 5201                         if (PV_PMAP(pv) == pmap) {
 5202                                 rv = TRUE;
 5203                                 break;
 5204                         }
 5205                         loops++;
 5206                         if (loops >= 16)
 5207                                 break;
 5208                 }
 5209         }
 5210         rw_runlock(lock);
 5211         rw_runlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 5212         return (rv);
 5213 }
 5214 
 5215 /*
 5216  *      pmap_page_wired_mappings:
 5217  *
 5218  *      Return the number of managed mappings to the given physical page
 5219  *      that are wired.
 5220  */
 5221 int
 5222 pmap_page_wired_mappings(vm_page_t m)
 5223 {
 5224         struct rwlock *lock;
 5225         struct md_page *pvh;
 5226         pmap_t pmap;
 5227         pt_entry_t *pte;
 5228         pv_entry_t pv;
 5229         int count, md_gen, pvh_gen;
 5230 
 5231         if ((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) != 0)
 5232                 return (0);
 5233         rw_rlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 5234         lock = VM_PAGE_TO_PV_LIST_LOCK(m);
 5235         rw_rlock(lock);
 5236 restart:
 5237         count = 0;
 5238         TAILQ_FOREACH(pv, &m->md.pv_list, pv_next) {
 5239                 pmap = PV_PMAP(pv);
 5240                 if (!PMAP_TRYLOCK(pmap)) {
 5241                         md_gen = m->md.pv_gen;
 5242                         rw_runlock(lock);
 5243                         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 5244                         rw_rlock(lock);
 5245                         if (md_gen != m->md.pv_gen) {
 5246                                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 5247                                 goto restart;
 5248                         }
 5249                 }
 5250                 pte = pmap_pte(pmap, pv->pv_va);
 5251                 if ((*pte & PG_W) != 0)
 5252                         count++;
 5253                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 5254         }
 5255         if ((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) == 0) {
 5256                 pvh = pa_to_pvh(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m));
 5257                 TAILQ_FOREACH(pv, &pvh->pv_list, pv_next) {
 5258                         pmap = PV_PMAP(pv);
 5259                         if (!PMAP_TRYLOCK(pmap)) {
 5260                                 md_gen = m->md.pv_gen;
 5261                                 pvh_gen = pvh->pv_gen;
 5262                                 rw_runlock(lock);
 5263                                 PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 5264                                 rw_rlock(lock);
 5265                                 if (md_gen != m->md.pv_gen ||
 5266                                     pvh_gen != pvh->pv_gen) {
 5267                                         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 5268                                         goto restart;
 5269                                 }
 5270                         }
 5271                         pte = pmap_pde(pmap, pv->pv_va);
 5272                         if ((*pte & PG_W) != 0)
 5273                                 count++;
 5274                         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 5275                 }
 5276         }
 5277         rw_runlock(lock);
 5278         rw_runlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 5279         return (count);
 5280 }
 5281 
 5282 /*
 5283  * Returns TRUE if the given page is mapped individually or as part of
 5284  * a 2mpage.  Otherwise, returns FALSE.
 5285  */
 5286 boolean_t
 5287 pmap_page_is_mapped(vm_page_t m)
 5288 {
 5289         struct rwlock *lock;
 5290         boolean_t rv;
 5291 
 5292         if ((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) != 0)
 5293                 return (FALSE);
 5294         rw_rlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 5295         lock = VM_PAGE_TO_PV_LIST_LOCK(m);
 5296         rw_rlock(lock);
 5297         rv = !TAILQ_EMPTY(&m->md.pv_list) ||
 5298             ((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) == 0 &&
 5299             !TAILQ_EMPTY(&pa_to_pvh(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m))->pv_list));
 5300         rw_runlock(lock);
 5301         rw_runlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 5302         return (rv);
 5303 }
 5304 
 5305 /*
 5306  * Destroy all managed, non-wired mappings in the given user-space
 5307  * pmap.  This pmap cannot be active on any processor besides the
 5308  * caller.
 5309  *                                                                                
 5310  * This function cannot be applied to the kernel pmap.  Moreover, it
 5311  * is not intended for general use.  It is only to be used during
 5312  * process termination.  Consequently, it can be implemented in ways
 5313  * that make it faster than pmap_remove().  First, it can more quickly
 5314  * destroy mappings by iterating over the pmap's collection of PV
 5315  * entries, rather than searching the page table.  Second, it doesn't
 5316  * have to test and clear the page table entries atomically, because
 5317  * no processor is currently accessing the user address space.  In
 5318  * particular, a page table entry's dirty bit won't change state once
 5319  * this function starts.
 5320  */
 5321 void
 5322 pmap_remove_pages(pmap_t pmap)
 5323 {
 5324         pd_entry_t ptepde;
 5325         pt_entry_t *pte, tpte;
 5326         pt_entry_t PG_M, PG_RW, PG_V;
 5327         struct spglist free;
 5328         vm_page_t m, mpte, mt;
 5329         pv_entry_t pv;
 5330         struct md_page *pvh;
 5331         struct pv_chunk *pc, *npc;
 5332         struct rwlock *lock;
 5333         int64_t bit;
 5334         uint64_t inuse, bitmask;
 5335         int allfree, field, freed, idx;
 5336         boolean_t superpage;
 5337         vm_paddr_t pa;
 5338 
 5339         /*
 5340          * Assert that the given pmap is only active on the current
 5341          * CPU.  Unfortunately, we cannot block another CPU from
 5342          * activating the pmap while this function is executing.
 5343          */
 5344         KASSERT(pmap == PCPU_GET(curpmap), ("non-current pmap %p", pmap));
 5345 #ifdef INVARIANTS
 5346         {
 5347                 cpuset_t other_cpus;
 5348 
 5349                 other_cpus = all_cpus;
 5350                 critical_enter();
 5351                 CPU_CLR(PCPU_GET(cpuid), &other_cpus);
 5352                 CPU_AND(&other_cpus, &pmap->pm_active);
 5353                 critical_exit();
 5354                 KASSERT(CPU_EMPTY(&other_cpus), ("pmap active %p", pmap));
 5355         }
 5356 #endif
 5357 
 5358         lock = NULL;
 5359         PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(pmap);
 5360         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 5361         PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 5362 
 5363         SLIST_INIT(&free);
 5364         rw_rlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 5365         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 5366         TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(pc, &pmap->pm_pvchunk, pc_list, npc) {
 5367                 allfree = 1;
 5368                 freed = 0;
 5369                 for (field = 0; field < _NPCM; field++) {
 5370                         inuse = ~pc->pc_map[field] & pc_freemask[field];
 5371                         while (inuse != 0) {
 5372                                 bit = bsfq(inuse);
 5373                                 bitmask = 1UL << bit;
 5374                                 idx = field * 64 + bit;
 5375                                 pv = &pc->pc_pventry[idx];
 5376                                 inuse &= ~bitmask;
 5377 
 5378                                 pte = pmap_pdpe(pmap, pv->pv_va);
 5379                                 ptepde = *pte;
 5380                                 pte = pmap_pdpe_to_pde(pte, pv->pv_va);
 5381                                 tpte = *pte;
 5382                                 if ((tpte & (PG_PS | PG_V)) == PG_V) {
 5383                                         superpage = FALSE;
 5384                                         ptepde = tpte;
 5385                                         pte = (pt_entry_t *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(tpte &
 5386                                             PG_FRAME);
 5387                                         pte = &pte[pmap_pte_index(pv->pv_va)];
 5388                                         tpte = *pte;
 5389                                 } else {
 5390                                         /*
 5391                                          * Keep track whether 'tpte' is a
 5392                                          * superpage explicitly instead of
 5393                                          * relying on PG_PS being set.
 5394                                          *
 5395                                          * This is because PG_PS is numerically
 5396                                          * identical to PG_PTE_PAT and thus a
 5397                                          * regular page could be mistaken for
 5398                                          * a superpage.
 5399                                          */
 5400                                         superpage = TRUE;
 5401                                 }
 5402 
 5403                                 if ((tpte & PG_V) == 0) {
 5404                                         panic("bad pte va %lx pte %lx",
 5405                                             pv->pv_va, tpte);
 5406                                 }
 5407 
 5408 /*
 5409  * We cannot remove wired pages from a process' mapping at this time
 5410  */
 5411                                 if (tpte & PG_W) {
 5412                                         allfree = 0;
 5413                                         continue;
 5414                                 }
 5415 
 5416                                 if (superpage)
 5417                                         pa = tpte & PG_PS_FRAME;
 5418                                 else
 5419                                         pa = tpte & PG_FRAME;
 5420 
 5421                                 m = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(pa);
 5422                                 KASSERT(m->phys_addr == pa,
 5423                                     ("vm_page_t %p phys_addr mismatch %016jx %016jx",
 5424                                     m, (uintmax_t)m->phys_addr,
 5425                                     (uintmax_t)tpte));
 5426 
 5427                                 KASSERT((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) != 0 ||
 5428                                     m < &vm_page_array[vm_page_array_size],
 5429                                     ("pmap_remove_pages: bad tpte %#jx",
 5430                                     (uintmax_t)tpte));
 5431 
 5432                                 pte_clear(pte);
 5433 
 5434                                 /*
 5435                                  * Update the vm_page_t clean/reference bits.
 5436                                  */
 5437                                 if ((tpte & (PG_M | PG_RW)) == (PG_M | PG_RW)) {
 5438                                         if (superpage) {
 5439                                                 for (mt = m; mt < &m[NBPDR / PAGE_SIZE]; mt++)
 5440                                                         vm_page_dirty(mt);
 5441                                         } else
 5442                                                 vm_page_dirty(m);
 5443                                 }
 5444 
 5445                                 CHANGE_PV_LIST_LOCK_TO_VM_PAGE(&lock, m);
 5446 
 5447                                 /* Mark free */
 5448                                 pc->pc_map[field] |= bitmask;
 5449                                 if (superpage) {
 5450                                         pmap_resident_count_dec(pmap, NBPDR / PAGE_SIZE);
 5451                                         pvh = pa_to_pvh(tpte & PG_PS_FRAME);
 5452                                         TAILQ_REMOVE(&pvh->pv_list, pv, pv_next);
 5453                                         pvh->pv_gen++;
 5454                                         if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&pvh->pv_list)) {
 5455                                                 for (mt = m; mt < &m[NBPDR / PAGE_SIZE]; mt++)
 5456                                                         if ((mt->aflags & PGA_WRITEABLE) != 0 &&
 5457                                                             TAILQ_EMPTY(&mt->md.pv_list))
 5458                                                                 vm_page_aflag_clear(mt, PGA_WRITEABLE);
 5459                                         }
 5460                                         mpte = pmap_lookup_pt_page(pmap, pv->pv_va);
 5461                                         if (mpte != NULL) {
 5462                                                 pmap_remove_pt_page(pmap, mpte);
 5463                                                 pmap_resident_count_dec(pmap, 1);
 5464                                                 KASSERT(mpte->wire_count == NPTEPG,
 5465                                                     ("pmap_remove_pages: pte page wire count error"));
 5466                                                 mpte->wire_count = 0;
 5467                                                 pmap_add_delayed_free_list(mpte, &free, FALSE);
 5468                                                 atomic_subtract_int(&cnt.v_wire_count, 1);
 5469                                         }
 5470                                 } else {
 5471                                         pmap_resident_count_dec(pmap, 1);
 5472                                         TAILQ_REMOVE(&m->md.pv_list, pv, pv_next);
 5473                                         m->md.pv_gen++;
 5474                                         if ((m->aflags & PGA_WRITEABLE) != 0 &&
 5475                                             TAILQ_EMPTY(&m->md.pv_list) &&
 5476                                             (m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) == 0) {
 5477                                                 pvh = pa_to_pvh(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m));
 5478                                                 if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&pvh->pv_list))
 5479                                                         vm_page_aflag_clear(m, PGA_WRITEABLE);
 5480                                         }
 5481                                 }
 5482                                 pmap_unuse_pt(pmap, pv->pv_va, ptepde, &free);
 5483                                 freed++;
 5484                         }
 5485                 }
 5486                 PV_STAT(atomic_add_long(&pv_entry_frees, freed));
 5487                 PV_STAT(atomic_add_int(&pv_entry_spare, freed));
 5488                 PV_STAT(atomic_subtract_long(&pv_entry_count, freed));
 5489                 if (allfree) {
 5490                         TAILQ_REMOVE(&pmap->pm_pvchunk, pc, pc_list);
 5491                         free_pv_chunk(pc);
 5492                 }
 5493         }
 5494         if (lock != NULL)
 5495                 rw_wunlock(lock);
 5496         pmap_invalidate_all(pmap);
 5497         rw_runlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 5498         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 5499         pmap_free_zero_pages(&free);
 5500 }
 5501 
 5502 static boolean_t
 5503 pmap_page_test_mappings(vm_page_t m, boolean_t accessed, boolean_t modified)
 5504 {
 5505         struct rwlock *lock;
 5506         pv_entry_t pv;
 5507         struct md_page *pvh;
 5508         pt_entry_t *pte, mask;
 5509         pt_entry_t PG_A, PG_M, PG_RW, PG_V;
 5510         pmap_t pmap;
 5511         int md_gen, pvh_gen;
 5512         boolean_t rv;
 5513 
 5514         rv = FALSE;
 5515         rw_rlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 5516         lock = VM_PAGE_TO_PV_LIST_LOCK(m);
 5517         rw_rlock(lock);
 5518 restart:
 5519         TAILQ_FOREACH(pv, &m->md.pv_list, pv_next) {
 5520                 pmap = PV_PMAP(pv);
 5521                 if (!PMAP_TRYLOCK(pmap)) {
 5522                         md_gen = m->md.pv_gen;
 5523                         rw_runlock(lock);
 5524                         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 5525                         rw_rlock(lock);
 5526                         if (md_gen != m->md.pv_gen) {
 5527                                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 5528                                 goto restart;
 5529                         }
 5530                 }
 5531                 pte = pmap_pte(pmap, pv->pv_va);
 5532                 mask = 0;
 5533                 if (modified) {
 5534                         PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(pmap);
 5535                         PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 5536                         mask |= PG_RW | PG_M;
 5537                 }
 5538                 if (accessed) {
 5539                         PG_A = pmap_accessed_bit(pmap);
 5540                         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 5541                         mask |= PG_V | PG_A;
 5542                 }
 5543                 rv = (*pte & mask) == mask;
 5544                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 5545                 if (rv)
 5546                         goto out;
 5547         }
 5548         if ((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) == 0) {
 5549                 pvh = pa_to_pvh(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m));
 5550                 TAILQ_FOREACH(pv, &pvh->pv_list, pv_next) {
 5551                         pmap = PV_PMAP(pv);
 5552                         if (!PMAP_TRYLOCK(pmap)) {
 5553                                 md_gen = m->md.pv_gen;
 5554                                 pvh_gen = pvh->pv_gen;
 5555                                 rw_runlock(lock);
 5556                                 PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 5557                                 rw_rlock(lock);
 5558                                 if (md_gen != m->md.pv_gen ||
 5559                                     pvh_gen != pvh->pv_gen) {
 5560                                         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 5561                                         goto restart;
 5562                                 }
 5563                         }
 5564                         pte = pmap_pde(pmap, pv->pv_va);
 5565                         mask = 0;
 5566                         if (modified) {
 5567                                 PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(pmap);
 5568                                 PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 5569                                 mask |= PG_RW | PG_M;
 5570                         }
 5571                         if (accessed) {
 5572                                 PG_A = pmap_accessed_bit(pmap);
 5573                                 PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 5574                                 mask |= PG_V | PG_A;
 5575                         }
 5576                         rv = (*pte & mask) == mask;
 5577                         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 5578                         if (rv)
 5579                                 goto out;
 5580                 }
 5581         }
 5582 out:
 5583         rw_runlock(lock);
 5584         rw_runlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 5585         return (rv);
 5586 }
 5587 
 5588 /*
 5589  *      pmap_is_modified:
 5590  *
 5591  *      Return whether or not the specified physical page was modified
 5592  *      in any physical maps.
 5593  */
 5594 boolean_t
 5595 pmap_is_modified(vm_page_t m)
 5596 {
 5597 
 5598         KASSERT((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0,
 5599             ("pmap_is_modified: page %p is not managed", m));
 5600 
 5601         /*
 5602          * If the page is not exclusive busied, then PGA_WRITEABLE cannot be
 5603          * concurrently set while the object is locked.  Thus, if PGA_WRITEABLE
 5604          * is clear, no PTEs can have PG_M set.
 5605          */
 5606         VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
 5607         if (!vm_page_xbusied(m) && (m->aflags & PGA_WRITEABLE) == 0)
 5608                 return (FALSE);
 5609         return (pmap_page_test_mappings(m, FALSE, TRUE));
 5610 }
 5611 
 5612 /*
 5613  *      pmap_is_prefaultable:
 5614  *
 5615  *      Return whether or not the specified virtual address is eligible
 5616  *      for prefault.
 5617  */
 5618 boolean_t
 5619 pmap_is_prefaultable(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t addr)
 5620 {
 5621         pd_entry_t *pde;
 5622         pt_entry_t *pte, PG_V;
 5623         boolean_t rv;
 5624 
 5625         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 5626         rv = FALSE;
 5627         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 5628         pde = pmap_pde(pmap, addr);
 5629         if (pde != NULL && (*pde & (PG_PS | PG_V)) == PG_V) {
 5630                 pte = pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, addr);
 5631                 rv = (*pte & PG_V) == 0;
 5632         }
 5633         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 5634         return (rv);
 5635 }
 5636 
 5637 /*
 5638  *      pmap_is_referenced:
 5639  *
 5640  *      Return whether or not the specified physical page was referenced
 5641  *      in any physical maps.
 5642  */
 5643 boolean_t
 5644 pmap_is_referenced(vm_page_t m)
 5645 {
 5646 
 5647         KASSERT((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0,
 5648             ("pmap_is_referenced: page %p is not managed", m));
 5649         return (pmap_page_test_mappings(m, TRUE, FALSE));
 5650 }
 5651 
 5652 /*
 5653  * Clear the write and modified bits in each of the given page's mappings.
 5654  */
 5655 void
 5656 pmap_remove_write(vm_page_t m)
 5657 {
 5658         struct md_page *pvh;
 5659         pmap_t pmap;
 5660         struct rwlock *lock;
 5661         pv_entry_t next_pv, pv;
 5662         pd_entry_t *pde;
 5663         pt_entry_t oldpte, *pte, PG_M, PG_RW;
 5664         vm_offset_t va;
 5665         int pvh_gen, md_gen;
 5666 
 5667         KASSERT((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0,
 5668             ("pmap_remove_write: page %p is not managed", m));
 5669 
 5670         /*
 5671          * If the page is not exclusive busied, then PGA_WRITEABLE cannot be
 5672          * set by another thread while the object is locked.  Thus,
 5673          * if PGA_WRITEABLE is clear, no page table entries need updating.
 5674          */
 5675         VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
 5676         if (!vm_page_xbusied(m) && (m->aflags & PGA_WRITEABLE) == 0)
 5677                 return;
 5678         rw_rlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 5679         lock = VM_PAGE_TO_PV_LIST_LOCK(m);
 5680         pvh = pa_to_pvh(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m));
 5681 retry_pv_loop:
 5682         rw_wlock(lock);
 5683         if ((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) != 0)
 5684                 goto small_mappings;
 5685         TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(pv, &pvh->pv_list, pv_next, next_pv) {
 5686                 pmap = PV_PMAP(pv);
 5687                 if (!PMAP_TRYLOCK(pmap)) {
 5688                         pvh_gen = pvh->pv_gen;
 5689                         rw_wunlock(lock);
 5690                         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 5691                         rw_wlock(lock);
 5692                         if (pvh_gen != pvh->pv_gen) {
 5693                                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 5694                                 rw_wunlock(lock);
 5695                                 goto retry_pv_loop;
 5696                         }
 5697                 }
 5698                 PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 5699                 va = pv->pv_va;
 5700                 pde = pmap_pde(pmap, va);
 5701                 if ((*pde & PG_RW) != 0)
 5702                         (void)pmap_demote_pde_locked(pmap, pde, va, &lock);
 5703                 KASSERT(lock == VM_PAGE_TO_PV_LIST_LOCK(m),
 5704                     ("inconsistent pv lock %p %p for page %p",
 5705                     lock, VM_PAGE_TO_PV_LIST_LOCK(m), m));
 5706                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 5707         }
 5708 small_mappings:
 5709         TAILQ_FOREACH(pv, &m->md.pv_list, pv_next) {
 5710                 pmap = PV_PMAP(pv);
 5711                 if (!PMAP_TRYLOCK(pmap)) {
 5712                         pvh_gen = pvh->pv_gen;
 5713                         md_gen = m->md.pv_gen;
 5714                         rw_wunlock(lock);
 5715                         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 5716                         rw_wlock(lock);
 5717                         if (pvh_gen != pvh->pv_gen ||
 5718                             md_gen != m->md.pv_gen) {
 5719                                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 5720                                 rw_wunlock(lock);
 5721                                 goto retry_pv_loop;
 5722                         }
 5723                 }
 5724                 PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(pmap);
 5725                 PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 5726                 pde = pmap_pde(pmap, pv->pv_va);
 5727                 KASSERT((*pde & PG_PS) == 0,
 5728                     ("pmap_remove_write: found a 2mpage in page %p's pv list",
 5729                     m));
 5730                 pte = pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, pv->pv_va);
 5731 retry:
 5732                 oldpte = *pte;
 5733                 if (oldpte & PG_RW) {
 5734                         if (!atomic_cmpset_long(pte, oldpte, oldpte &
 5735                             ~(PG_RW | PG_M)))
 5736                                 goto retry;
 5737                         if ((oldpte & PG_M) != 0)
 5738                                 vm_page_dirty(m);
 5739                         pmap_invalidate_page(pmap, pv->pv_va);
 5740                 }
 5741                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 5742         }
 5743         rw_wunlock(lock);
 5744         vm_page_aflag_clear(m, PGA_WRITEABLE);
 5745         rw_runlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 5746 }
 5747 
 5748 static __inline boolean_t
 5749 safe_to_clear_referenced(pmap_t pmap, pt_entry_t pte)
 5750 {
 5751 
 5752         if (!pmap_emulate_ad_bits(pmap))
 5753                 return (TRUE);
 5754 
 5755         KASSERT(pmap->pm_type == PT_EPT, ("invalid pm_type %d", pmap->pm_type));
 5756 
 5757         /*
 5758          * RWX = 010 or 110 will cause an unconditional EPT misconfiguration
 5759          * so we don't let the referenced (aka EPT_PG_READ) bit to be cleared
 5760          * if the EPT_PG_WRITE bit is set.
 5761          */
 5762         if ((pte & EPT_PG_WRITE) != 0)
 5763                 return (FALSE);
 5764 
 5765         /*
 5766          * RWX = 100 is allowed only if the PMAP_SUPPORTS_EXEC_ONLY is set.
 5767          */
 5768         if ((pte & EPT_PG_EXECUTE) == 0 ||
 5769             ((pmap->pm_flags & PMAP_SUPPORTS_EXEC_ONLY) != 0))
 5770                 return (TRUE);
 5771         else
 5772                 return (FALSE);
 5773 }
 5774 
 5775 #define PMAP_TS_REFERENCED_MAX  5
 5776 
 5777 /*
 5778  *      pmap_ts_referenced:
 5779  *
 5780  *      Return a count of reference bits for a page, clearing those bits.
 5781  *      It is not necessary for every reference bit to be cleared, but it
 5782  *      is necessary that 0 only be returned when there are truly no
 5783  *      reference bits set.
 5784  *
 5785  *      XXX: The exact number of bits to check and clear is a matter that
 5786  *      should be tested and standardized at some point in the future for
 5787  *      optimal aging of shared pages.
 5788  */
 5789 int
 5790 pmap_ts_referenced(vm_page_t m)
 5791 {
 5792         struct md_page *pvh;
 5793         pv_entry_t pv, pvf;
 5794         pmap_t pmap;
 5795         struct rwlock *lock;
 5796         pd_entry_t oldpde, *pde;
 5797         pt_entry_t *pte, PG_A;
 5798         vm_offset_t va;
 5799         vm_paddr_t pa;
 5800         int cleared, md_gen, not_cleared, pvh_gen;
 5801         struct spglist free;
 5802         boolean_t demoted;
 5803 
 5804         KASSERT((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0,
 5805             ("pmap_ts_referenced: page %p is not managed", m));
 5806         SLIST_INIT(&free);
 5807         cleared = 0;
 5808         pa = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m);
 5809         lock = PHYS_TO_PV_LIST_LOCK(pa);
 5810         pvh = pa_to_pvh(pa);
 5811         rw_rlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 5812         rw_wlock(lock);
 5813 retry:
 5814         not_cleared = 0;
 5815         if ((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) != 0 ||
 5816             (pvf = TAILQ_FIRST(&pvh->pv_list)) == NULL)
 5817                 goto small_mappings;
 5818         pv = pvf;
 5819         do {
 5820                 if (pvf == NULL)
 5821                         pvf = pv;
 5822                 pmap = PV_PMAP(pv);
 5823                 if (!PMAP_TRYLOCK(pmap)) {
 5824                         pvh_gen = pvh->pv_gen;
 5825                         rw_wunlock(lock);
 5826                         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 5827                         rw_wlock(lock);
 5828                         if (pvh_gen != pvh->pv_gen) {
 5829                                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 5830                                 goto retry;
 5831                         }
 5832                 }
 5833                 PG_A = pmap_accessed_bit(pmap);
 5834                 va = pv->pv_va;
 5835                 pde = pmap_pde(pmap, pv->pv_va);
 5836                 oldpde = *pde;
 5837                 if ((*pde & PG_A) != 0) {
 5838                         /*
 5839                          * Since this reference bit is shared by 512 4KB
 5840                          * pages, it should not be cleared every time it is
 5841                          * tested.  Apply a simple "hash" function on the
 5842                          * physical page number, the virtual superpage number,
 5843                          * and the pmap address to select one 4KB page out of
 5844                          * the 512 on which testing the reference bit will
 5845                          * result in clearing that reference bit.  This
 5846                          * function is designed to avoid the selection of the
 5847                          * same 4KB page for every 2MB page mapping.
 5848                          *
 5849                          * On demotion, a mapping that hasn't been referenced
 5850                          * is simply destroyed.  To avoid the possibility of a
 5851                          * subsequent page fault on a demoted wired mapping,
 5852                          * always leave its reference bit set.  Moreover,
 5853                          * since the superpage is wired, the current state of
 5854                          * its reference bit won't affect page replacement.
 5855                          */
 5856                         if ((((pa >> PAGE_SHIFT) ^ (pv->pv_va >> PDRSHIFT) ^
 5857                             (uintptr_t)pmap) & (NPTEPG - 1)) == 0 &&
 5858                             (*pde & PG_W) == 0) {
 5859                                 if (safe_to_clear_referenced(pmap, oldpde)) {
 5860                                         atomic_clear_long(pde, PG_A);
 5861                                         pmap_invalidate_page(pmap, pv->pv_va);
 5862                                         demoted = FALSE;
 5863                                 } else if (pmap_demote_pde_locked(pmap, pde,
 5864                                     pv->pv_va, &lock)) {
 5865                                         /*
 5866                                          * Remove the mapping to a single page
 5867                                          * so that a subsequent access may
 5868                                          * repromote.  Since the underlying
 5869                                          * page table page is fully populated,
 5870                                          * this removal never frees a page
 5871                                          * table page.
 5872                                          */
 5873                                         demoted = TRUE;
 5874                                         va += VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m) - (oldpde &
 5875                                             PG_PS_FRAME);
 5876                                         pte = pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, va);
 5877                                         pmap_remove_pte(pmap, pte, va, *pde,
 5878                                             NULL, &lock);
 5879                                         pmap_invalidate_page(pmap, va);
 5880                                 } else
 5881                                         demoted = TRUE;
 5882 
 5883                                 if (demoted) {
 5884                                         /*
 5885                                          * The superpage mapping was removed
 5886                                          * entirely and therefore 'pv' is no
 5887                                          * longer valid.
 5888                                          */
 5889                                         if (pvf == pv)
 5890                                                 pvf = NULL;
 5891                                         pv = NULL;
 5892                                 }
 5893                                 cleared++;
 5894                                 KASSERT(lock == VM_PAGE_TO_PV_LIST_LOCK(m),
 5895                                     ("inconsistent pv lock %p %p for page %p",
 5896                                     lock, VM_PAGE_TO_PV_LIST_LOCK(m), m));
 5897                         } else
 5898                                 not_cleared++;
 5899                 }
 5900                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 5901                 /* Rotate the PV list if it has more than one entry. */
 5902                 if (pv != NULL && TAILQ_NEXT(pv, pv_next) != NULL) {
 5903                         TAILQ_REMOVE(&pvh->pv_list, pv, pv_next);
 5904                         TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pvh->pv_list, pv, pv_next);
 5905                         pvh->pv_gen++;
 5906                 }
 5907                 if (cleared + not_cleared >= PMAP_TS_REFERENCED_MAX)
 5908                         goto out;
 5909         } while ((pv = TAILQ_FIRST(&pvh->pv_list)) != pvf);
 5910 small_mappings:
 5911         if ((pvf = TAILQ_FIRST(&m->md.pv_list)) == NULL)
 5912                 goto out;
 5913         pv = pvf;
 5914         do {
 5915                 if (pvf == NULL)
 5916                         pvf = pv;
 5917                 pmap = PV_PMAP(pv);
 5918                 if (!PMAP_TRYLOCK(pmap)) {
 5919                         pvh_gen = pvh->pv_gen;
 5920                         md_gen = m->md.pv_gen;
 5921                         rw_wunlock(lock);
 5922                         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 5923                         rw_wlock(lock);
 5924                         if (pvh_gen != pvh->pv_gen || md_gen != m->md.pv_gen) {
 5925                                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 5926                                 goto retry;
 5927                         }
 5928                 }
 5929                 PG_A = pmap_accessed_bit(pmap);
 5930                 pde = pmap_pde(pmap, pv->pv_va);
 5931                 KASSERT((*pde & PG_PS) == 0,
 5932                     ("pmap_ts_referenced: found a 2mpage in page %p's pv list",
 5933                     m));
 5934                 pte = pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, pv->pv_va);
 5935                 if ((*pte & PG_A) != 0) {
 5936                         if (safe_to_clear_referenced(pmap, *pte)) {
 5937                                 atomic_clear_long(pte, PG_A);
 5938                                 pmap_invalidate_page(pmap, pv->pv_va);
 5939                                 cleared++;
 5940                         } else if ((*pte & PG_W) == 0) {
 5941                                 /*
 5942                                  * Wired pages cannot be paged out so
 5943                                  * doing accessed bit emulation for
 5944                                  * them is wasted effort. We do the
 5945                                  * hard work for unwired pages only.
 5946                                  */
 5947                                 pmap_remove_pte(pmap, pte, pv->pv_va,
 5948                                     *pde, &free, &lock);
 5949                                 pmap_invalidate_page(pmap, pv->pv_va);
 5950                                 cleared++;
 5951                                 if (pvf == pv)
 5952                                         pvf = NULL;
 5953                                 pv = NULL;
 5954                                 KASSERT(lock == VM_PAGE_TO_PV_LIST_LOCK(m),
 5955                                     ("inconsistent pv lock %p %p for page %p",
 5956                                     lock, VM_PAGE_TO_PV_LIST_LOCK(m), m));
 5957                         } else
 5958                                 not_cleared++;
 5959                 }
 5960                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 5961                 /* Rotate the PV list if it has more than one entry. */
 5962                 if (pv != NULL && TAILQ_NEXT(pv, pv_next) != NULL) {
 5963                         TAILQ_REMOVE(&m->md.pv_list, pv, pv_next);
 5964                         TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&m->md.pv_list, pv, pv_next);
 5965                         m->md.pv_gen++;
 5966                 }
 5967         } while ((pv = TAILQ_FIRST(&m->md.pv_list)) != pvf && cleared +
 5968             not_cleared < PMAP_TS_REFERENCED_MAX);
 5969 out:
 5970         rw_wunlock(lock);
 5971         rw_runlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 5972         pmap_free_zero_pages(&free);
 5973         return (cleared + not_cleared);
 5974 }
 5975 
 5976 /*
 5977  *      Apply the given advice to the specified range of addresses within the
 5978  *      given pmap.  Depending on the advice, clear the referenced and/or
 5979  *      modified flags in each mapping and set the mapped page's dirty field.
 5980  */
 5981 void
 5982 pmap_advise(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t sva, vm_offset_t eva, int advice)
 5983 {
 5984         struct rwlock *lock;
 5985         pml4_entry_t *pml4e;
 5986         pdp_entry_t *pdpe;
 5987         pd_entry_t oldpde, *pde;
 5988         pt_entry_t *pte, PG_A, PG_G, PG_M, PG_RW, PG_V;
 5989         vm_offset_t va_next;
 5990         vm_page_t m;
 5991         boolean_t anychanged, pv_lists_locked;
 5992 
 5993         if (advice != MADV_DONTNEED && advice != MADV_FREE)
 5994                 return;
 5995 
 5996         /*
 5997          * A/D bit emulation requires an alternate code path when clearing
 5998          * the modified and accessed bits below. Since this function is
 5999          * advisory in nature we skip it entirely for pmaps that require
 6000          * A/D bit emulation.
 6001          */
 6002         if (pmap_emulate_ad_bits(pmap))
 6003                 return;
 6004 
 6005         PG_A = pmap_accessed_bit(pmap);
 6006         PG_G = pmap_global_bit(pmap);
 6007         PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(pmap);
 6008         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 6009         PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 6010 
 6011         pv_lists_locked = FALSE;
 6012 resume:
 6013         anychanged = FALSE;
 6014         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 6015         for (; sva < eva; sva = va_next) {
 6016                 pml4e = pmap_pml4e(pmap, sva);
 6017                 if ((*pml4e & PG_V) == 0) {
 6018                         va_next = (sva + NBPML4) & ~PML4MASK;
 6019                         if (va_next < sva)
 6020                                 va_next = eva;
 6021                         continue;
 6022                 }
 6023                 pdpe = pmap_pml4e_to_pdpe(pml4e, sva);
 6024                 if ((*pdpe & PG_V) == 0) {
 6025                         va_next = (sva + NBPDP) & ~PDPMASK;
 6026                         if (va_next < sva)
 6027                                 va_next = eva;
 6028                         continue;
 6029                 }
 6030                 va_next = (sva + NBPDR) & ~PDRMASK;
 6031                 if (va_next < sva)
 6032                         va_next = eva;
 6033                 pde = pmap_pdpe_to_pde(pdpe, sva);
 6034                 oldpde = *pde;
 6035                 if ((oldpde & PG_V) == 0)
 6036                         continue;
 6037                 else if ((oldpde & PG_PS) != 0) {
 6038                         if ((oldpde & PG_MANAGED) == 0)
 6039                                 continue;
 6040                         if (!pv_lists_locked) {
 6041                                 pv_lists_locked = TRUE;
 6042                                 if (!rw_try_rlock(&pvh_global_lock)) {
 6043                                         if (anychanged)
 6044                                                 pmap_invalidate_all(pmap);
 6045                                         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 6046                                         rw_rlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 6047                                         goto resume;
 6048                                 }
 6049                         }
 6050                         lock = NULL;
 6051                         if (!pmap_demote_pde_locked(pmap, pde, sva, &lock)) {
 6052                                 if (lock != NULL)
 6053                                         rw_wunlock(lock);
 6054 
 6055                                 /*
 6056                                  * The large page mapping was destroyed.
 6057                                  */
 6058                                 continue;
 6059                         }
 6060 
 6061                         /*
 6062                          * Unless the page mappings are wired, remove the
 6063                          * mapping to a single page so that a subsequent
 6064                          * access may repromote.  Since the underlying page
 6065                          * table page is fully populated, this removal never
 6066                          * frees a page table page.
 6067                          */
 6068                         if ((oldpde & PG_W) == 0) {
 6069                                 pte = pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, sva);
 6070                                 KASSERT((*pte & PG_V) != 0,
 6071                                     ("pmap_advise: invalid PTE"));
 6072                                 pmap_remove_pte(pmap, pte, sva, *pde, NULL,
 6073                                     &lock);
 6074                                 anychanged = TRUE;
 6075                         }
 6076                         if (lock != NULL)
 6077                                 rw_wunlock(lock);
 6078                 }
 6079                 if (va_next > eva)
 6080                         va_next = eva;
 6081                 for (pte = pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, sva); sva != va_next; pte++,
 6082                     sva += PAGE_SIZE) {
 6083                         if ((*pte & (PG_MANAGED | PG_V)) != (PG_MANAGED |
 6084                             PG_V))
 6085                                 continue;
 6086                         else if ((*pte & (PG_M | PG_RW)) == (PG_M | PG_RW)) {
 6087                                 if (advice == MADV_DONTNEED) {
 6088                                         /*
 6089                                          * Future calls to pmap_is_modified()
 6090                                          * can be avoided by making the page
 6091                                          * dirty now.
 6092                                          */
 6093                                         m = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(*pte & PG_FRAME);
 6094                                         vm_page_dirty(m);
 6095                                 }
 6096                                 atomic_clear_long(pte, PG_M | PG_A);
 6097                         } else if ((*pte & PG_A) != 0)
 6098                                 atomic_clear_long(pte, PG_A);
 6099                         else
 6100                                 continue;
 6101                         if ((*pte & PG_G) != 0)
 6102                                 pmap_invalidate_page(pmap, sva);
 6103                         else
 6104                                 anychanged = TRUE;
 6105                 }
 6106         }
 6107         if (anychanged)
 6108                 pmap_invalidate_all(pmap);
 6109         if (pv_lists_locked)
 6110                 rw_runlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 6111         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 6112 }
 6113 
 6114 /*
 6115  *      Clear the modify bits on the specified physical page.
 6116  */
 6117 void
 6118 pmap_clear_modify(vm_page_t m)
 6119 {
 6120         struct md_page *pvh;
 6121         pmap_t pmap;
 6122         pv_entry_t next_pv, pv;
 6123         pd_entry_t oldpde, *pde;
 6124         pt_entry_t oldpte, *pte, PG_M, PG_RW, PG_V;
 6125         struct rwlock *lock;
 6126         vm_offset_t va;
 6127         int md_gen, pvh_gen;
 6128 
 6129         KASSERT((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0,
 6130             ("pmap_clear_modify: page %p is not managed", m));
 6131         VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
 6132         KASSERT(!vm_page_xbusied(m),
 6133             ("pmap_clear_modify: page %p is exclusive busied", m));
 6134 
 6135         /*
 6136          * If the page is not PGA_WRITEABLE, then no PTEs can have PG_M set.
 6137          * If the object containing the page is locked and the page is not
 6138          * exclusive busied, then PGA_WRITEABLE cannot be concurrently set.
 6139          */
 6140         if ((m->aflags & PGA_WRITEABLE) == 0)
 6141                 return;
 6142         pvh = pa_to_pvh(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m));
 6143         rw_rlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 6144         lock = VM_PAGE_TO_PV_LIST_LOCK(m);
 6145         rw_wlock(lock);
 6146 restart:
 6147         if ((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) != 0)
 6148                 goto small_mappings;
 6149         TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(pv, &pvh->pv_list, pv_next, next_pv) {
 6150                 pmap = PV_PMAP(pv);
 6151                 if (!PMAP_TRYLOCK(pmap)) {
 6152                         pvh_gen = pvh->pv_gen;
 6153                         rw_wunlock(lock);
 6154                         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 6155                         rw_wlock(lock);
 6156                         if (pvh_gen != pvh->pv_gen) {
 6157                                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 6158                                 goto restart;
 6159                         }
 6160                 }
 6161                 PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(pmap);
 6162                 PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 6163                 PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 6164                 va = pv->pv_va;
 6165                 pde = pmap_pde(pmap, va);
 6166                 oldpde = *pde;
 6167                 if ((oldpde & PG_RW) != 0) {
 6168                         if (pmap_demote_pde_locked(pmap, pde, va, &lock)) {
 6169                                 if ((oldpde & PG_W) == 0) {
 6170                                         /*
 6171                                          * Write protect the mapping to a
 6172                                          * single page so that a subsequent
 6173                                          * write access may repromote.
 6174                                          */
 6175                                         va += VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m) - (oldpde &
 6176                                             PG_PS_FRAME);
 6177                                         pte = pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, va);
 6178                                         oldpte = *pte;
 6179                                         if ((oldpte & PG_V) != 0) {
 6180                                                 while (!atomic_cmpset_long(pte,
 6181                                                     oldpte,
 6182                                                     oldpte & ~(PG_M | PG_RW)))
 6183                                                         oldpte = *pte;
 6184                                                 vm_page_dirty(m);
 6185                                                 pmap_invalidate_page(pmap, va);
 6186                                         }
 6187                                 }
 6188                         }
 6189                 }
 6190                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 6191         }
 6192 small_mappings:
 6193         TAILQ_FOREACH(pv, &m->md.pv_list, pv_next) {
 6194                 pmap = PV_PMAP(pv);
 6195                 if (!PMAP_TRYLOCK(pmap)) {
 6196                         md_gen = m->md.pv_gen;
 6197                         pvh_gen = pvh->pv_gen;
 6198                         rw_wunlock(lock);
 6199                         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 6200                         rw_wlock(lock);
 6201                         if (pvh_gen != pvh->pv_gen || md_gen != m->md.pv_gen) {
 6202                                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 6203                                 goto restart;
 6204                         }
 6205                 }
 6206                 PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(pmap);
 6207                 PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 6208                 pde = pmap_pde(pmap, pv->pv_va);
 6209                 KASSERT((*pde & PG_PS) == 0, ("pmap_clear_modify: found"
 6210                     " a 2mpage in page %p's pv list", m));
 6211                 pte = pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, pv->pv_va);
 6212                 if ((*pte & (PG_M | PG_RW)) == (PG_M | PG_RW)) {
 6213                         atomic_clear_long(pte, PG_M);
 6214                         pmap_invalidate_page(pmap, pv->pv_va);
 6215                 }
 6216                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 6217         }
 6218         rw_wunlock(lock);
 6219         rw_runlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 6220 }
 6221 
 6222 /*
 6223  * Miscellaneous support routines follow
 6224  */
 6225 
 6226 /* Adjust the cache mode for a 4KB page mapped via a PTE. */
 6227 static __inline void
 6228 pmap_pte_attr(pt_entry_t *pte, int cache_bits, int mask)
 6229 {
 6230         u_int opte, npte;
 6231 
 6232         /*
 6233          * The cache mode bits are all in the low 32-bits of the
 6234          * PTE, so we can just spin on updating the low 32-bits.
 6235          */
 6236         do {
 6237                 opte = *(u_int *)pte;
 6238                 npte = opte & ~mask;
 6239                 npte |= cache_bits;
 6240         } while (npte != opte && !atomic_cmpset_int((u_int *)pte, opte, npte));
 6241 }
 6242 
 6243 /* Adjust the cache mode for a 2MB page mapped via a PDE. */
 6244 static __inline void
 6245 pmap_pde_attr(pd_entry_t *pde, int cache_bits, int mask)
 6246 {
 6247         u_int opde, npde;
 6248 
 6249         /*
 6250          * The cache mode bits are all in the low 32-bits of the
 6251          * PDE, so we can just spin on updating the low 32-bits.
 6252          */
 6253         do {
 6254                 opde = *(u_int *)pde;
 6255                 npde = opde & ~mask;
 6256                 npde |= cache_bits;
 6257         } while (npde != opde && !atomic_cmpset_int((u_int *)pde, opde, npde));
 6258 }
 6259 
 6260 /*
 6261  * Map a set of physical memory pages into the kernel virtual
 6262  * address space. Return a pointer to where it is mapped. This
 6263  * routine is intended to be used for mapping device memory,
 6264  * NOT real memory.
 6265  */
 6266 void *
 6267 pmap_mapdev_attr(vm_paddr_t pa, vm_size_t size, int mode)
 6268 {
 6269         struct pmap_preinit_mapping *ppim;
 6270         vm_offset_t va, offset;
 6271         vm_size_t tmpsize;
 6272         int i;
 6273 
 6274         offset = pa & PAGE_MASK;
 6275         size = round_page(offset + size);
 6276         pa = trunc_page(pa);
 6277 
 6278         if (!pmap_initialized) {
 6279                 va = 0;
 6280                 for (i = 0; i < PMAP_PREINIT_MAPPING_COUNT; i++) {
 6281                         ppim = pmap_preinit_mapping + i;
 6282                         if (ppim->va == 0) {
 6283                                 ppim->pa = pa;
 6284                                 ppim->sz = size;
 6285                                 ppim->mode = mode;
 6286                                 ppim->va = virtual_avail;
 6287                                 virtual_avail += size;
 6288                                 va = ppim->va;
 6289                                 break;
 6290                         }
 6291                 }
 6292                 if (va == 0)
 6293                         panic("%s: too many preinit mappings", __func__);
 6294         } else {
 6295                 /*
 6296                  * If we have a preinit mapping, re-use it.
 6297                  */
 6298                 for (i = 0; i < PMAP_PREINIT_MAPPING_COUNT; i++) {
 6299                         ppim = pmap_preinit_mapping + i;
 6300                         if (ppim->pa == pa && ppim->sz == size &&
 6301                             ppim->mode == mode)
 6302                                 return ((void *)(ppim->va + offset));
 6303                 }
 6304                 /*
 6305                  * If the specified range of physical addresses fits within
 6306                  * the direct map window, use the direct map.
 6307                  */
 6308                 if (pa < dmaplimit && pa + size < dmaplimit) {
 6309                         va = PHYS_TO_DMAP(pa);
 6310                         if (!pmap_change_attr(va, size, mode))
 6311                                 return ((void *)(va + offset));
 6312                 }
 6313                 va = kva_alloc(size);
 6314                 if (va == 0)
 6315                         panic("%s: Couldn't allocate KVA", __func__);
 6316         }
 6317         for (tmpsize = 0; tmpsize < size; tmpsize += PAGE_SIZE)
 6318                 pmap_kenter_attr(va + tmpsize, pa + tmpsize, mode);
 6319         pmap_invalidate_range(kernel_pmap, va, va + tmpsize);
 6320         pmap_invalidate_cache_range(va, va + tmpsize, FALSE);
 6321         return ((void *)(va + offset));
 6322 }
 6323 
 6324 void *
 6325 pmap_mapdev(vm_paddr_t pa, vm_size_t size)
 6326 {
 6327 
 6328         return (pmap_mapdev_attr(pa, size, PAT_UNCACHEABLE));
 6329 }
 6330 
 6331 void *
 6332 pmap_mapbios(vm_paddr_t pa, vm_size_t size)
 6333 {
 6334 
 6335         return (pmap_mapdev_attr(pa, size, PAT_WRITE_BACK));
 6336 }
 6337 
 6338 void
 6339 pmap_unmapdev(vm_offset_t va, vm_size_t size)
 6340 {
 6341         struct pmap_preinit_mapping *ppim;
 6342         vm_offset_t offset;
 6343         int i;
 6344 
 6345         /* If we gave a direct map region in pmap_mapdev, do nothing */
 6346         if (va >= DMAP_MIN_ADDRESS && va < DMAP_MAX_ADDRESS)
 6347                 return;
 6348         offset = va & PAGE_MASK;
 6349         size = round_page(offset + size);
 6350         va = trunc_page(va);
 6351         for (i = 0; i < PMAP_PREINIT_MAPPING_COUNT; i++) {
 6352                 ppim = pmap_preinit_mapping + i;
 6353                 if (ppim->va == va && ppim->sz == size) {
 6354                         if (pmap_initialized)
 6355                                 return;
 6356                         ppim->pa = 0;
 6357                         ppim->va = 0;
 6358                         ppim->sz = 0;
 6359                         ppim->mode = 0;
 6360                         if (va + size == virtual_avail)
 6361                                 virtual_avail = va;
 6362                         return;
 6363                 }
 6364         }
 6365         if (pmap_initialized)
 6366                 kva_free(va, size);
 6367 }
 6368 
 6369 /*
 6370  * Tries to demote a 1GB page mapping.
 6371  */
 6372 static boolean_t
 6373 pmap_demote_pdpe(pmap_t pmap, pdp_entry_t *pdpe, vm_offset_t va)
 6374 {
 6375         pdp_entry_t newpdpe, oldpdpe;
 6376         pd_entry_t *firstpde, newpde, *pde;
 6377         pt_entry_t PG_A, PG_M, PG_RW, PG_V;
 6378         vm_paddr_t mpdepa;
 6379         vm_page_t mpde;
 6380 
 6381         PG_A = pmap_accessed_bit(pmap);
 6382         PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(pmap);
 6383         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 6384         PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 6385 
 6386         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, MA_OWNED);
 6387         oldpdpe = *pdpe;
 6388         KASSERT((oldpdpe & (PG_PS | PG_V)) == (PG_PS | PG_V),
 6389             ("pmap_demote_pdpe: oldpdpe is missing PG_PS and/or PG_V"));
 6390         if ((mpde = vm_page_alloc(NULL, va >> PDPSHIFT, VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT |
 6391             VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ | VM_ALLOC_WIRED)) == NULL) {
 6392                 CTR2(KTR_PMAP, "pmap_demote_pdpe: failure for va %#lx"
 6393                     " in pmap %p", va, pmap);
 6394                 return (FALSE);
 6395         }
 6396         mpdepa = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(mpde);
 6397         firstpde = (pd_entry_t *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(mpdepa);
 6398         newpdpe = mpdepa | PG_M | PG_A | (oldpdpe & PG_U) | PG_RW | PG_V;
 6399         KASSERT((oldpdpe & PG_A) != 0,
 6400             ("pmap_demote_pdpe: oldpdpe is missing PG_A"));
 6401         KASSERT((oldpdpe & (PG_M | PG_RW)) != PG_RW,
 6402             ("pmap_demote_pdpe: oldpdpe is missing PG_M"));
 6403         newpde = oldpdpe;
 6404 
 6405         /*
 6406          * Initialize the page directory page.
 6407          */
 6408         for (pde = firstpde; pde < firstpde + NPDEPG; pde++) {
 6409                 *pde = newpde;
 6410                 newpde += NBPDR;
 6411         }
 6412 
 6413         /*
 6414          * Demote the mapping.
 6415          */
 6416         *pdpe = newpdpe;
 6417 
 6418         /*
 6419          * Invalidate a stale recursive mapping of the page directory page.
 6420          */
 6421         pmap_invalidate_page(pmap, (vm_offset_t)vtopde(va));
 6422 
 6423         pmap_pdpe_demotions++;
 6424         CTR2(KTR_PMAP, "pmap_demote_pdpe: success for va %#lx"
 6425             " in pmap %p", va, pmap);
 6426         return (TRUE);
 6427 }
 6428 
 6429 /*
 6430  * Sets the memory attribute for the specified page.
 6431  */
 6432 void
 6433 pmap_page_set_memattr(vm_page_t m, vm_memattr_t ma)
 6434 {
 6435 
 6436         m->md.pat_mode = ma;
 6437 
 6438         /*
 6439          * If "m" is a normal page, update its direct mapping.  This update
 6440          * can be relied upon to perform any cache operations that are
 6441          * required for data coherence.
 6442          */
 6443         if ((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) == 0 &&
 6444             pmap_change_attr(PHYS_TO_DMAP(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m)), PAGE_SIZE,
 6445             m->md.pat_mode))
 6446                 panic("memory attribute change on the direct map failed");
 6447 }
 6448 
 6449 /*
 6450  * Changes the specified virtual address range's memory type to that given by
 6451  * the parameter "mode".  The specified virtual address range must be
 6452  * completely contained within either the direct map or the kernel map.  If
 6453  * the virtual address range is contained within the kernel map, then the
 6454  * memory type for each of the corresponding ranges of the direct map is also
 6455  * changed.  (The corresponding ranges of the direct map are those ranges that
 6456  * map the same physical pages as the specified virtual address range.)  These
 6457  * changes to the direct map are necessary because Intel describes the
 6458  * behavior of their processors as "undefined" if two or more mappings to the
 6459  * same physical page have different memory types.
 6460  *
 6461  * Returns zero if the change completed successfully, and either EINVAL or
 6462  * ENOMEM if the change failed.  Specifically, EINVAL is returned if some part
 6463  * of the virtual address range was not mapped, and ENOMEM is returned if
 6464  * there was insufficient memory available to complete the change.  In the
 6465  * latter case, the memory type may have been changed on some part of the
 6466  * virtual address range or the direct map.
 6467  */
 6468 int
 6469 pmap_change_attr(vm_offset_t va, vm_size_t size, int mode)
 6470 {
 6471         int error;
 6472 
 6473         PMAP_LOCK(kernel_pmap);
 6474         error = pmap_change_attr_locked(va, size, mode);
 6475         PMAP_UNLOCK(kernel_pmap);
 6476         return (error);
 6477 }
 6478 
 6479 static int
 6480 pmap_change_attr_locked(vm_offset_t va, vm_size_t size, int mode)
 6481 {
 6482         vm_offset_t base, offset, tmpva;
 6483         vm_paddr_t pa_start, pa_end;
 6484         pdp_entry_t *pdpe;
 6485         pd_entry_t *pde;
 6486         pt_entry_t *pte;
 6487         int cache_bits_pte, cache_bits_pde, error;
 6488         boolean_t changed;
 6489 
 6490         PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(kernel_pmap, MA_OWNED);
 6491         base = trunc_page(va);
 6492         offset = va & PAGE_MASK;
 6493         size = round_page(offset + size);
 6494 
 6495         /*
 6496          * Only supported on kernel virtual addresses, including the direct
 6497          * map but excluding the recursive map.
 6498          */
 6499         if (base < DMAP_MIN_ADDRESS)
 6500                 return (EINVAL);
 6501 
 6502         cache_bits_pde = pmap_cache_bits(kernel_pmap, mode, 1);
 6503         cache_bits_pte = pmap_cache_bits(kernel_pmap, mode, 0);
 6504         changed = FALSE;
 6505 
 6506         /*
 6507          * Pages that aren't mapped aren't supported.  Also break down 2MB pages
 6508          * into 4KB pages if required.
 6509          */
 6510         for (tmpva = base; tmpva < base + size; ) {
 6511                 pdpe = pmap_pdpe(kernel_pmap, tmpva);
 6512                 if (*pdpe == 0)
 6513                         return (EINVAL);
 6514                 if (*pdpe & PG_PS) {
 6515                         /*
 6516                          * If the current 1GB page already has the required
 6517                          * memory type, then we need not demote this page. Just
 6518                          * increment tmpva to the next 1GB page frame.
 6519                          */
 6520                         if ((*pdpe & X86_PG_PDE_CACHE) == cache_bits_pde) {
 6521                                 tmpva = trunc_1gpage(tmpva) + NBPDP;
 6522                                 continue;
 6523                         }
 6524 
 6525                         /*
 6526                          * If the current offset aligns with a 1GB page frame
 6527                          * and there is at least 1GB left within the range, then
 6528                          * we need not break down this page into 2MB pages.
 6529                          */
 6530                         if ((tmpva & PDPMASK) == 0 &&
 6531                             tmpva + PDPMASK < base + size) {
 6532                                 tmpva += NBPDP;
 6533                                 continue;
 6534                         }
 6535                         if (!pmap_demote_pdpe(kernel_pmap, pdpe, tmpva))
 6536                                 return (ENOMEM);
 6537                 }
 6538                 pde = pmap_pdpe_to_pde(pdpe, tmpva);
 6539                 if (*pde == 0)
 6540                         return (EINVAL);
 6541                 if (*pde & PG_PS) {
 6542                         /*
 6543                          * If the current 2MB page already has the required
 6544                          * memory type, then we need not demote this page. Just
 6545                          * increment tmpva to the next 2MB page frame.
 6546                          */
 6547                         if ((*pde & X86_PG_PDE_CACHE) == cache_bits_pde) {
 6548                                 tmpva = trunc_2mpage(tmpva) + NBPDR;
 6549                                 continue;
 6550                         }
 6551 
 6552                         /*
 6553                          * If the current offset aligns with a 2MB page frame
 6554                          * and there is at least 2MB left within the range, then
 6555                          * we need not break down this page into 4KB pages.
 6556                          */
 6557                         if ((tmpva & PDRMASK) == 0 &&
 6558                             tmpva + PDRMASK < base + size) {
 6559                                 tmpva += NBPDR;
 6560                                 continue;
 6561                         }
 6562                         if (!pmap_demote_pde(kernel_pmap, pde, tmpva))
 6563                                 return (ENOMEM);
 6564                 }
 6565                 pte = pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, tmpva);
 6566                 if (*pte == 0)
 6567                         return (EINVAL);
 6568                 tmpva += PAGE_SIZE;
 6569         }
 6570         error = 0;
 6571 
 6572         /*
 6573          * Ok, all the pages exist, so run through them updating their
 6574          * cache mode if required.
 6575          */
 6576         pa_start = pa_end = 0;
 6577         for (tmpva = base; tmpva < base + size; ) {
 6578                 pdpe = pmap_pdpe(kernel_pmap, tmpva);
 6579                 if (*pdpe & PG_PS) {
 6580                         if ((*pdpe & X86_PG_PDE_CACHE) != cache_bits_pde) {
 6581                                 pmap_pde_attr(pdpe, cache_bits_pde,
 6582                                     X86_PG_PDE_CACHE);
 6583                                 changed = TRUE;
 6584                         }
 6585                         if (tmpva >= VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS) {
 6586                                 if (pa_start == pa_end) {
 6587                                         /* Start physical address run. */
 6588                                         pa_start = *pdpe & PG_PS_FRAME;
 6589                                         pa_end = pa_start + NBPDP;
 6590                                 } else if (pa_end == (*pdpe & PG_PS_FRAME))
 6591                                         pa_end += NBPDP;
 6592                                 else {
 6593                                         /* Run ended, update direct map. */
 6594                                         error = pmap_change_attr_locked(
 6595                                             PHYS_TO_DMAP(pa_start),
 6596                                             pa_end - pa_start, mode);
 6597                                         if (error != 0)
 6598                                                 break;
 6599                                         /* Start physical address run. */
 6600                                         pa_start = *pdpe & PG_PS_FRAME;
 6601                                         pa_end = pa_start + NBPDP;
 6602                                 }
 6603                         }
 6604                         tmpva = trunc_1gpage(tmpva) + NBPDP;
 6605                         continue;
 6606                 }
 6607                 pde = pmap_pdpe_to_pde(pdpe, tmpva);
 6608                 if (*pde & PG_PS) {
 6609                         if ((*pde & X86_PG_PDE_CACHE) != cache_bits_pde) {
 6610                                 pmap_pde_attr(pde, cache_bits_pde,
 6611                                     X86_PG_PDE_CACHE);
 6612                                 changed = TRUE;
 6613                         }
 6614                         if (tmpva >= VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS) {
 6615                                 if (pa_start == pa_end) {
 6616                                         /* Start physical address run. */
 6617                                         pa_start = *pde & PG_PS_FRAME;
 6618                                         pa_end = pa_start + NBPDR;
 6619                                 } else if (pa_end == (*pde & PG_PS_FRAME))
 6620                                         pa_end += NBPDR;
 6621                                 else {
 6622                                         /* Run ended, update direct map. */
 6623                                         error = pmap_change_attr_locked(
 6624                                             PHYS_TO_DMAP(pa_start),
 6625                                             pa_end - pa_start, mode);
 6626                                         if (error != 0)
 6627                                                 break;
 6628                                         /* Start physical address run. */
 6629                                         pa_start = *pde & PG_PS_FRAME;
 6630                                         pa_end = pa_start + NBPDR;
 6631                                 }
 6632                         }
 6633                         tmpva = trunc_2mpage(tmpva) + NBPDR;
 6634                 } else {
 6635                         pte = pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, tmpva);
 6636                         if ((*pte & X86_PG_PTE_CACHE) != cache_bits_pte) {
 6637                                 pmap_pte_attr(pte, cache_bits_pte,
 6638                                     X86_PG_PTE_CACHE);
 6639                                 changed = TRUE;
 6640                         }
 6641                         if (tmpva >= VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS) {
 6642                                 if (pa_start == pa_end) {
 6643                                         /* Start physical address run. */
 6644                                         pa_start = *pte & PG_FRAME;
 6645                                         pa_end = pa_start + PAGE_SIZE;
 6646                                 } else if (pa_end == (*pte & PG_FRAME))
 6647                                         pa_end += PAGE_SIZE;
 6648                                 else {
 6649                                         /* Run ended, update direct map. */
 6650                                         error = pmap_change_attr_locked(
 6651                                             PHYS_TO_DMAP(pa_start),
 6652                                             pa_end - pa_start, mode);
 6653                                         if (error != 0)
 6654                                                 break;
 6655                                         /* Start physical address run. */
 6656                                         pa_start = *pte & PG_FRAME;
 6657                                         pa_end = pa_start + PAGE_SIZE;
 6658                                 }
 6659                         }
 6660                         tmpva += PAGE_SIZE;
 6661                 }
 6662         }
 6663         if (error == 0 && pa_start != pa_end)
 6664                 error = pmap_change_attr_locked(PHYS_TO_DMAP(pa_start),
 6665                     pa_end - pa_start, mode);
 6666 
 6667         /*
 6668          * Flush CPU caches if required to make sure any data isn't cached that
 6669          * shouldn't be, etc.
 6670          */
 6671         if (changed) {
 6672                 pmap_invalidate_range(kernel_pmap, base, tmpva);
 6673                 pmap_invalidate_cache_range(base, tmpva, FALSE);
 6674         }
 6675         return (error);
 6676 }
 6677 
 6678 /*
 6679  * Demotes any mapping within the direct map region that covers more than the
 6680  * specified range of physical addresses.  This range's size must be a power
 6681  * of two and its starting address must be a multiple of its size.  Since the
 6682  * demotion does not change any attributes of the mapping, a TLB invalidation
 6683  * is not mandatory.  The caller may, however, request a TLB invalidation.
 6684  */
 6685 void
 6686 pmap_demote_DMAP(vm_paddr_t base, vm_size_t len, boolean_t invalidate)
 6687 {
 6688         pdp_entry_t *pdpe;
 6689         pd_entry_t *pde;
 6690         vm_offset_t va;
 6691         boolean_t changed;
 6692 
 6693         if (len == 0)
 6694                 return;
 6695         KASSERT(powerof2(len), ("pmap_demote_DMAP: len is not a power of 2"));
 6696         KASSERT((base & (len - 1)) == 0,
 6697             ("pmap_demote_DMAP: base is not a multiple of len"));
 6698         if (len < NBPDP && base < dmaplimit) {
 6699                 va = PHYS_TO_DMAP(base);
 6700                 changed = FALSE;
 6701                 PMAP_LOCK(kernel_pmap);
 6702                 pdpe = pmap_pdpe(kernel_pmap, va);
 6703                 if ((*pdpe & X86_PG_V) == 0)
 6704                         panic("pmap_demote_DMAP: invalid PDPE");
 6705                 if ((*pdpe & PG_PS) != 0) {
 6706                         if (!pmap_demote_pdpe(kernel_pmap, pdpe, va))
 6707                                 panic("pmap_demote_DMAP: PDPE failed");
 6708                         changed = TRUE;
 6709                 }
 6710                 if (len < NBPDR) {
 6711                         pde = pmap_pdpe_to_pde(pdpe, va);
 6712                         if ((*pde & X86_PG_V) == 0)
 6713                                 panic("pmap_demote_DMAP: invalid PDE");
 6714                         if ((*pde & PG_PS) != 0) {
 6715                                 if (!pmap_demote_pde(kernel_pmap, pde, va))
 6716                                         panic("pmap_demote_DMAP: PDE failed");
 6717                                 changed = TRUE;
 6718                         }
 6719                 }
 6720                 if (changed && invalidate)
 6721                         pmap_invalidate_page(kernel_pmap, va);
 6722                 PMAP_UNLOCK(kernel_pmap);
 6723         }
 6724 }
 6725 
 6726 /*
 6727  * perform the pmap work for mincore
 6728  */
 6729 int
 6730 pmap_mincore(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t addr, vm_paddr_t *locked_pa)
 6731 {
 6732         pd_entry_t *pdep;
 6733         pt_entry_t pte, PG_A, PG_M, PG_RW, PG_V;
 6734         vm_paddr_t pa;
 6735         int val;
 6736 
 6737         PG_A = pmap_accessed_bit(pmap);
 6738         PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(pmap);
 6739         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 6740         PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 6741 
 6742         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 6743 retry:
 6744         pdep = pmap_pde(pmap, addr);
 6745         if (pdep != NULL && (*pdep & PG_V)) {
 6746                 if (*pdep & PG_PS) {
 6747                         pte = *pdep;
 6748                         /* Compute the physical address of the 4KB page. */
 6749                         pa = ((*pdep & PG_PS_FRAME) | (addr & PDRMASK)) &
 6750                             PG_FRAME;
 6751                         val = MINCORE_SUPER;
 6752                 } else {
 6753                         pte = *pmap_pde_to_pte(pdep, addr);
 6754                         pa = pte & PG_FRAME;
 6755                         val = 0;
 6756                 }
 6757         } else {
 6758                 pte = 0;
 6759                 pa = 0;
 6760                 val = 0;
 6761         }
 6762         if ((pte & PG_V) != 0) {
 6763                 val |= MINCORE_INCORE;
 6764                 if ((pte & (PG_M | PG_RW)) == (PG_M | PG_RW))
 6765                         val |= MINCORE_MODIFIED | MINCORE_MODIFIED_OTHER;
 6766                 if ((pte & PG_A) != 0)
 6767                         val |= MINCORE_REFERENCED | MINCORE_REFERENCED_OTHER;
 6768         }
 6769         if ((val & (MINCORE_MODIFIED_OTHER | MINCORE_REFERENCED_OTHER)) !=
 6770             (MINCORE_MODIFIED_OTHER | MINCORE_REFERENCED_OTHER) &&
 6771             (pte & (PG_MANAGED | PG_V)) == (PG_MANAGED | PG_V)) {
 6772                 /* Ensure that "PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(pa)->object" doesn't change. */
 6773                 if (vm_page_pa_tryrelock(pmap, pa, locked_pa))
 6774                         goto retry;
 6775         } else
 6776                 PA_UNLOCK_COND(*locked_pa);
 6777         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 6778         return (val);
 6779 }
 6780 
 6781 void
 6782 pmap_activate(struct thread *td)
 6783 {
 6784         pmap_t  pmap, oldpmap;
 6785         u_int   cpuid;
 6786 
 6787         critical_enter();
 6788         pmap = vmspace_pmap(td->td_proc->p_vmspace);
 6789         oldpmap = PCPU_GET(curpmap);
 6790         cpuid = PCPU_GET(cpuid);
 6791 #ifdef SMP
 6792         CPU_CLR_ATOMIC(cpuid, &oldpmap->pm_active);
 6793         CPU_SET_ATOMIC(cpuid, &pmap->pm_active);
 6794         CPU_SET_ATOMIC(cpuid, &pmap->pm_save);
 6795 #else
 6796         CPU_CLR(cpuid, &oldpmap->pm_active);
 6797         CPU_SET(cpuid, &pmap->pm_active);
 6798         CPU_SET(cpuid, &pmap->pm_save);
 6799 #endif
 6800         td->td_pcb->pcb_cr3 = pmap->pm_cr3;
 6801         load_cr3(pmap->pm_cr3);
 6802         PCPU_SET(curpmap, pmap);
 6803         critical_exit();
 6804 }
 6805 
 6806 void
 6807 pmap_sync_icache(pmap_t pm, vm_offset_t va, vm_size_t sz)
 6808 {
 6809 }
 6810 
 6811 /*
 6812  *      Increase the starting virtual address of the given mapping if a
 6813  *      different alignment might result in more superpage mappings.
 6814  */
 6815 void
 6816 pmap_align_superpage(vm_object_t object, vm_ooffset_t offset,
 6817     vm_offset_t *addr, vm_size_t size)
 6818 {
 6819         vm_offset_t superpage_offset;
 6820 
 6821         if (size < NBPDR)
 6822                 return;
 6823         if (object != NULL && (object->flags & OBJ_COLORED) != 0)
 6824                 offset += ptoa(object->pg_color);
 6825         superpage_offset = offset & PDRMASK;
 6826         if (size - ((NBPDR - superpage_offset) & PDRMASK) < NBPDR ||
 6827             (*addr & PDRMASK) == superpage_offset)
 6828                 return;
 6829         if ((*addr & PDRMASK) < superpage_offset)
 6830                 *addr = (*addr & ~PDRMASK) + superpage_offset;
 6831         else
 6832                 *addr = ((*addr + PDRMASK) & ~PDRMASK) + superpage_offset;
 6833 }
 6834 
 6835 #ifdef INVARIANTS
 6836 static unsigned long num_dirty_emulations;
 6837 SYSCTL_ULONG(_vm_pmap, OID_AUTO, num_dirty_emulations, CTLFLAG_RW,
 6838              &num_dirty_emulations, 0, NULL);
 6839 
 6840 static unsigned long num_accessed_emulations;
 6841 SYSCTL_ULONG(_vm_pmap, OID_AUTO, num_accessed_emulations, CTLFLAG_RW,
 6842              &num_accessed_emulations, 0, NULL);
 6843 
 6844 static unsigned long num_superpage_accessed_emulations;
 6845 SYSCTL_ULONG(_vm_pmap, OID_AUTO, num_superpage_accessed_emulations, CTLFLAG_RW,
 6846              &num_superpage_accessed_emulations, 0, NULL);
 6847 
 6848 static unsigned long ad_emulation_superpage_promotions;
 6849 SYSCTL_ULONG(_vm_pmap, OID_AUTO, ad_emulation_superpage_promotions, CTLFLAG_RW,
 6850              &ad_emulation_superpage_promotions, 0, NULL);
 6851 #endif  /* INVARIANTS */
 6852 
 6853 int
 6854 pmap_emulate_accessed_dirty(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, int ftype)
 6855 {
 6856         int rv;
 6857         struct rwlock *lock;
 6858         vm_page_t m, mpte;
 6859         pd_entry_t *pde;
 6860         pt_entry_t *pte, PG_A, PG_M, PG_RW, PG_V;
 6861         boolean_t pv_lists_locked;
 6862 
 6863         KASSERT(ftype == VM_PROT_READ || ftype == VM_PROT_WRITE,
 6864             ("pmap_emulate_accessed_dirty: invalid fault type %d", ftype));
 6865 
 6866         if (!pmap_emulate_ad_bits(pmap))
 6867                 return (-1);
 6868 
 6869         PG_A = pmap_accessed_bit(pmap);
 6870         PG_M = pmap_modified_bit(pmap);
 6871         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 6872         PG_RW = pmap_rw_bit(pmap);
 6873 
 6874         rv = -1;
 6875         lock = NULL;
 6876         pv_lists_locked = FALSE;
 6877 retry:
 6878         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 6879 
 6880         pde = pmap_pde(pmap, va);
 6881         if (pde == NULL || (*pde & PG_V) == 0)
 6882                 goto done;
 6883 
 6884         if ((*pde & PG_PS) != 0) {
 6885                 if (ftype == VM_PROT_READ) {
 6886 #ifdef INVARIANTS
 6887                         atomic_add_long(&num_superpage_accessed_emulations, 1);
 6888 #endif
 6889                         *pde |= PG_A;
 6890                         rv = 0;
 6891                 }
 6892                 goto done;
 6893         }
 6894 
 6895         pte = pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, va);
 6896         if ((*pte & PG_V) == 0)
 6897                 goto done;
 6898 
 6899         if (ftype == VM_PROT_WRITE) {
 6900                 if ((*pte & PG_RW) == 0)
 6901                         goto done;
 6902                 /*
 6903                  * Set the modified and accessed bits simultaneously.
 6904                  *
 6905                  * Intel EPT PTEs that do software emulation of A/D bits map
 6906                  * PG_A and PG_M to EPT_PG_READ and EPT_PG_WRITE respectively.
 6907                  * An EPT misconfiguration is triggered if the PTE is writable
 6908                  * but not readable (WR=10). This is avoided by setting PG_A
 6909                  * and PG_M simultaneously.
 6910                  */
 6911                 *pte |= PG_M | PG_A;
 6912         } else {
 6913                 *pte |= PG_A;
 6914         }
 6915 
 6916         /* try to promote the mapping */
 6917         if (va < VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS)
 6918                 mpte = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(*pde & PG_FRAME);
 6919         else
 6920                 mpte = NULL;
 6921 
 6922         m = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(*pte & PG_FRAME);
 6923 
 6924         if ((mpte == NULL || mpte->wire_count == NPTEPG) &&
 6925             pmap_ps_enabled(pmap) &&
 6926             (m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) == 0 &&
 6927             vm_reserv_level_iffullpop(m) == 0) {
 6928                 if (!pv_lists_locked) {
 6929                         pv_lists_locked = TRUE;
 6930                         if (!rw_try_rlock(&pvh_global_lock)) {
 6931                                 PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 6932                                 rw_rlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 6933                                 goto retry;
 6934                         }
 6935                 }
 6936                 pmap_promote_pde(pmap, pde, va, &lock);
 6937 #ifdef INVARIANTS
 6938                 atomic_add_long(&ad_emulation_superpage_promotions, 1);
 6939 #endif
 6940         }
 6941 #ifdef INVARIANTS
 6942         if (ftype == VM_PROT_WRITE)
 6943                 atomic_add_long(&num_dirty_emulations, 1);
 6944         else
 6945                 atomic_add_long(&num_accessed_emulations, 1);
 6946 #endif
 6947         rv = 0;         /* success */
 6948 done:
 6949         if (lock != NULL)
 6950                 rw_wunlock(lock);
 6951         if (pv_lists_locked)
 6952                 rw_runlock(&pvh_global_lock);
 6953         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 6954         return (rv);
 6955 }
 6956 
 6957 void
 6958 pmap_get_mapping(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t va, uint64_t *ptr, int *num)
 6959 {
 6960         pml4_entry_t *pml4;
 6961         pdp_entry_t *pdp;
 6962         pd_entry_t *pde;
 6963         pt_entry_t *pte, PG_V;
 6964         int idx;
 6965 
 6966         idx = 0;
 6967         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 6968         PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
 6969 
 6970         pml4 = pmap_pml4e(pmap, va);
 6971         ptr[idx++] = *pml4;
 6972         if ((*pml4 & PG_V) == 0)
 6973                 goto done;
 6974 
 6975         pdp = pmap_pml4e_to_pdpe(pml4, va);
 6976         ptr[idx++] = *pdp;
 6977         if ((*pdp & PG_V) == 0 || (*pdp & PG_PS) != 0)
 6978                 goto done;
 6979 
 6980         pde = pmap_pdpe_to_pde(pdp, va);
 6981         ptr[idx++] = *pde;
 6982         if ((*pde & PG_V) == 0 || (*pde & PG_PS) != 0)
 6983                 goto done;
 6984 
 6985         pte = pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, va);
 6986         ptr[idx++] = *pte;
 6987 
 6988 done:
 6989         PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
 6990         *num = idx;
 6991 }
 6992 
 6993 #include "opt_ddb.h"
 6994 #ifdef DDB
 6995 #include <ddb/ddb.h>
 6996 
 6997 DB_SHOW_COMMAND(pte, pmap_print_pte)
 6998 {
 6999         pmap_t pmap;
 7000         pml4_entry_t *pml4;
 7001         pdp_entry_t *pdp;
 7002         pd_entry_t *pde;
 7003         pt_entry_t *pte, PG_V;
 7004         vm_offset_t va;
 7005 
 7006         if (have_addr) {
 7007                 va = (vm_offset_t)addr;
 7008                 pmap = PCPU_GET(curpmap); /* XXX */
 7009         } else {
 7010                 db_printf("show pte addr\n");
 7011                 return;
 7012         }
 7013         PG_V = pmap_valid_bit(pmap);
 7014         pml4 = pmap_pml4e(pmap, va);
 7015         db_printf("VA %#016lx pml4e %#016lx", va, *pml4);
 7016         if ((*pml4 & PG_V) == 0) {
 7017                 db_printf("\n");
 7018                 return;
 7019         }
 7020         pdp = pmap_pml4e_to_pdpe(pml4, va);
 7021         db_printf(" pdpe %#016lx", *pdp);
 7022         if ((*pdp & PG_V) == 0 || (*pdp & PG_PS) != 0) {
 7023                 db_printf("\n");
 7024                 return;
 7025         }
 7026         pde = pmap_pdpe_to_pde(pdp, va);
 7027         db_printf(" pde %#016lx", *pde);
 7028         if ((*pde & PG_V) == 0 || (*pde & PG_PS) != 0) {
 7029                 db_printf("\n");
 7030                 return;
 7031         }
 7032         pte = pmap_pde_to_pte(pde, va);
 7033         db_printf(" pte %#016lx\n", *pte);
 7034 }
 7035 
 7036 DB_SHOW_COMMAND(phys2dmap, pmap_phys2dmap)
 7037 {
 7038         vm_paddr_t a;
 7039 
 7040         if (have_addr) {
 7041                 a = (vm_paddr_t)addr;
 7042                 db_printf("0x%jx\n", (uintmax_t)PHYS_TO_DMAP(a));
 7043         } else {
 7044                 db_printf("show phys2dmap addr\n");
 7045         }
 7046 }
 7047 #endif

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