FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/bsd/kern/bsd_init.c

     /*
      * Copyright (c) 2000-2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
      *
      * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
      * 
      * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
      * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
      * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
      * compliance with the License. The rights granted to you under the License
     * may not be used to create, or enable the creation or redistribution of,
     * unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
     * circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
     * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
     * 
     * Please obtain a copy of the License at
     * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
     * 
     * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
     * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
     * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
     * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
     * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
     * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
     * limitations under the License.
     * 
     * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
     * 
     *
     * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993
     *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
     * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
     * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
     * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
     * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
     * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
     *
     * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
     * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
     * are met:
     * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
     *    must display the following acknowledgement:
     *      This product includes software developed by the University of
     *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
     * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
     *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
     *    without specific prior written permission.
     *
     * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
     * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
     * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
     * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
     * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
     * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
     * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
     * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
     * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     * SUCH DAMAGE.
     *
     *      @(#)init_main.c 8.16 (Berkeley) 5/14/95
     */
    
    /* 
     *
     * Mach Operating System
     * Copyright (c) 1987 Carnegie-Mellon University
     * All rights reserved.  The CMU software License Agreement specifies
     * the terms and conditions for use and redistribution.
     */
    /*
     * NOTICE: This file was modified by McAfee Research in 2004 to introduce
     * support for mandatory and extensible security protections.  This notice
     * is included in support of clause 2.2 (b) of the Apple Public License,
     * Version 2.0.
     */
    
    #include <sys/param.h>
    #include <sys/filedesc.h>
    #include <sys/kernel.h>
    #include <sys/mount_internal.h>
    #include <sys/proc_internal.h>
    #include <sys/kauth.h>
    #include <sys/systm.h>
    #include <sys/vnode_internal.h>
    #include <sys/conf.h>
    #include <sys/buf_internal.h>
    #include <sys/clist.h>
    #include <sys/user.h>
    #include <sys/time.h>
    #include <sys/systm.h>
    #include <sys/mman.h>
    
    #include <security/audit/audit.h>
    
   #include <sys/malloc.h>
   #include <sys/dkstat.h>
   #include <sys/codesign.h>
   
   #include <kern/startup.h>
   #include <kern/thread.h>
   #include <kern/task.h>
   #include <kern/ast.h>
   #include <kern/kalloc.h>
   #include <mach/mach_host.h>
   
   #include <mach/vm_param.h>
   
   #include <vm/vm_map.h>
   #include <vm/vm_kern.h>
   
   #include <sys/ux_exception.h>   /* for ux_exception_port */
   
   #include <sys/reboot.h>
   #include <mach/exception_types.h>
   #include <dev/busvar.h>                 /* for pseudo_inits */
   #include <sys/kdebug.h>
   
   #include <mach/mach_types.h>
   #include <mach/vm_prot.h>
   #include <mach/semaphore.h>
   #include <mach/sync_policy.h>
   #include <kern/clock.h>
   #include <mach/kern_return.h>
   #include <mach/thread_act.h>            /* for thread_resume() */
   #include <mach/task.h>                  /* for task_set_exception_ports() */
   #include <sys/ux_exception.h>           /* for ux_handler() */
   #include <sys/ubc_internal.h>           /* for ubc_init() */
   #include <sys/mcache.h>                 /* for mcache_init() */
   #include <sys/mbuf.h>                   /* for mbinit() */
   #include <sys/event.h>                  /* for knote_init() */
   #include <sys/kern_memorystatus.h>      /* for kern_memorystatus_init() */
   #include <sys/aio_kern.h>               /* for aio_init() */
   #include <sys/semaphore.h>              /* for psem_cache_init() */
   #include <net/dlil.h>                   /* for dlil_init() */
   #include <net/kpi_protocol.h>           /* for proto_kpi_init() */
   #include <sys/pipe.h>                   /* for pipeinit() */
   #include <sys/socketvar.h>              /* for socketinit() */
   #include <sys/protosw.h>                /* for domaininit() */
   #include <kern/sched_prim.h>            /* for thread_wakeup() */
   #include <net/if_ether.h>               /* for ether_family_init() */
   #include <vm/vm_protos.h>               /* for vnode_pager_bootstrap() */
   #include <miscfs/devfs/devfsdefs.h>     /* for devfs_kernel_mount() */
   #include <mach/host_priv.h>             /* for host_set_exception_ports() */
   #include <kern/host.h>                  /* for host_priv_self() */
   #include <vm/vm_kern.h>                 /* for kmem_suballoc() */
   #include <sys/semaphore.h>              /* for psem_lock_init() */
   #include <sys/msgbuf.h>                 /* for log_setsize() */
   #include <sys/tty.h>                    /* for tty_init() */
   #include <net/if_utun.h>                /* for utun_register_control() */
   #include <net/net_str_id.h>             /* for net_str_id_init() */
   #include <net/netsrc.h>                 /* for netsrc_init() */
   #include <kern/assert.h>                /* for assert() */
   
   #include <net/init.h>
   
   #if CONFIG_MACF
   #include <security/mac_framework.h>
   #include <security/mac_internal.h>      /* mac_init_bsd() */
   #include <security/mac_mach_internal.h> /* mac_update_task_label() */
   #endif
   
   #include <machine/exec.h>
   
   #if NFSCLIENT
   #include <sys/netboot.h>
   #endif
   
   #if CONFIG_IMAGEBOOT
   #include <sys/imageboot.h>
   #endif
   
   #if PFLOG
   #include <net/if_pflog.h>
   #endif
   
   #include <pexpert/pexpert.h>
   #include <machine/pal_routines.h>
   
   void * get_user_regs(thread_t);         /* XXX kludge for <machine/thread.h> */
   void IOKitInitializeTime(void);         /* XXX */
   void IOSleep(unsigned int);             /* XXX */
   void loopattach(void);                  /* XXX */
   void vc_progress_set(boolean_t, uint32_t); /* XXX */
   
   const char    copyright[] =
   "Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993\n\t"
   "The Regents of the University of California. "
   "All rights reserved.\n\n";
   
   /* Components of the first process -- never freed. */
   struct  proc proc0;
   struct  session session0;
   struct  pgrp pgrp0;
   struct  filedesc filedesc0;
   struct  plimit limit0;
   struct  pstats pstats0;
   struct  sigacts sigacts0;
   proc_t kernproc;
   proc_t initproc;
   
   long tk_cancc;
   long tk_nin;
   long tk_nout;
   long tk_rawcc;
   
   int lock_trace = 0;
   /* Global variables to make pstat happy. We do swapping differently */
   int nswdev, nswap;
   int nswapmap;
   void *swapmap;
   struct swdevt swdevt[1];
   
   dev_t   rootdev;                /* device of the root */
   dev_t   dumpdev;                /* device to take dumps on */
   long    dumplo;                 /* offset into dumpdev */
   long    hostid;
   char    hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
   int             hostnamelen;
   char    domainname[MAXDOMNAMELEN];
   int             domainnamelen;
   #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
   struct exec_archhandler exec_archhandler_ppc = {
           .path = "/usr/libexec/oah/RosettaNonGrata",
   };
   #else /* __i386__ */
   struct exec_archhandler exec_archhandler_ppc;
   #endif /* __i386__ */
   
   char rootdevice[16];    /* hfs device names have at least 9 chars */
   
   #if  KMEMSTATS
   struct  kmemstats kmemstats[M_LAST];
   #endif
   
   int     lbolt;                          /* awoken once a second */
   struct  vnode *rootvp;
   int boothowto = RB_DEBUG;
   
   void lightning_bolt(void *);
   extern kern_return_t IOFindBSDRoot(char *, unsigned int, dev_t *, u_int32_t *);
   extern void IOSecureBSDRoot(const char * rootName);
   extern kern_return_t IOKitBSDInit(void );
   extern void kminit(void);
   extern void klogwakeup(void);
   extern void file_lock_init(void);
   extern void kmeminit(void);
   extern void bsd_bufferinit(void);
   
   extern int serverperfmode;
   extern int ncl;
   
   vm_map_t        bsd_pageable_map;
   vm_map_t        mb_map;
   
   static  int bsd_simul_execs;
   static int bsd_pageable_map_size;
   __private_extern__ int execargs_cache_size = 0;
   __private_extern__ int execargs_free_count = 0;
   __private_extern__ vm_offset_t * execargs_cache = NULL;
   
   void bsd_exec_setup(int);
   
   /*
    * Set to disable grading 64 bit Mach-o binaries as executable, for testing;
    * Intel only.
    */
   __private_extern__ int bootarg_no64exec = 0;
   __private_extern__ int bootarg_vnode_cache_defeat = 0;
   
   /*
    * Prevent kernel-based ASLR from being used, for testing.
    */
   #if DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG
   __private_extern__ int bootarg_disable_aslr = 0;
   #endif
   
   int     cmask = CMASK;
   extern int customnbuf;
   
   void bsd_init(void) __attribute__((section("__TEXT, initcode")));
   kern_return_t bsd_autoconf(void) __attribute__((section("__TEXT, initcode")));
   void bsd_utaskbootstrap(void) __attribute__((section("__TEXT, initcode")));
   
   static void parse_bsd_args(void);
   extern task_t bsd_init_task;
   extern char    init_task_failure_data[];
   extern void time_zone_slock_init(void);
   extern void select_wait_queue_init(void);
   static void process_name(const char *, proc_t);
   
   static void setconf(void);
   
   funnel_t *kernel_flock;
   
   #if SYSV_SHM
   extern void sysv_shm_lock_init(void);
   #endif
   #if SYSV_SEM
   extern void sysv_sem_lock_init(void);
   #endif
   #if SYSV_MSG
   extern void sysv_msg_lock_init(void);
   #endif
   
   #if !defined(SECURE_KERNEL)
   /* kmem access not enabled by default; can be changed with boot-args */
   /* We don't need to keep this symbol around in RELEASE kernel */
   int setup_kmem = 0;
   #endif
   
   #if CONFIG_MACF
   #if defined (__i386__) || defined (__x86_64__)
   /* MACF policy_check configuration flags; see policy_check.c for details */
   int policy_check_flags = 0;
   
   extern int check_policy_init(int);
   #endif
   #endif  /* CONFIG_MACF */
   
   extern void stackshot_lock_init(void);
   
   
   /* If we are using CONFIG_DTRACE */
   #if CONFIG_DTRACE
           extern void dtrace_postinit(void);
   #endif
   
   
   /*
    * Initialization code.
    * Called from cold start routine as
    * soon as a stack and segmentation
    * have been established.
    * Functions:
    *      turn on clock
    *      hand craft 0th process
    *      call all initialization routines
    *  hand craft 1st user process
    */
   
   /*
    *      Sets the name for the given task.
    */
   static void
   process_name(const char *s, proc_t p)
   {
           size_t length = strlen(s);
   
           bcopy(s, p->p_comm,
                   length >= sizeof(p->p_comm) ? sizeof(p->p_comm) :
                           length + 1);
   }
   
   /* To allow these values to be patched, they're globals here */
   #include <machine/vmparam.h>
   struct rlimit vm_initial_limit_stack = { DFLSSIZ, MAXSSIZ - PAGE_SIZE };
   struct rlimit vm_initial_limit_data = { DFLDSIZ, MAXDSIZ };
   struct rlimit vm_initial_limit_core = { DFLCSIZ, MAXCSIZ };
   
   extern thread_t cloneproc(task_t, proc_t, int);
   extern int      (*mountroot)(void);
   
   lck_grp_t * proc_lck_grp;
   lck_grp_t * proc_slock_grp;
   lck_grp_t * proc_fdmlock_grp;
   lck_grp_t * proc_mlock_grp;
   lck_grp_attr_t * proc_lck_grp_attr;
   lck_attr_t * proc_lck_attr;
   lck_mtx_t * proc_list_mlock;
   lck_mtx_t * proc_klist_mlock;
   
   extern lck_mtx_t * execargs_cache_lock;
   
   /* hook called after root is mounted XXX temporary hack */
   void (*mountroot_post_hook)(void);
   void (*unmountroot_pre_hook)(void);
   
   /*
    * This function is called very early on in the Mach startup, from the
    * function start_kernel_threads() in osfmk/kern/startup.c.  It's called
    * in the context of the current (startup) task using a call to the
    * function kernel_thread_create() to jump into start_kernel_threads().
    * Internally, kernel_thread_create() calls thread_create_internal(),
    * which calls uthread_alloc().  The function of uthread_alloc() is
    * normally to allocate a uthread structure, and fill out the uu_sigmask,
    * uu_context fields.  It skips filling these out in the case of the "task"
    * being "kernel_task", because the order of operation is inverted.  To
    * account for that, we need to manually fill in at least the contents
    * of the uu_context.vc_ucred field so that the uthread structure can be
    * used like any other.
    */
   void
   bsd_init(void)
   {
           struct uthread *ut;
           unsigned int i;
   #if __i386__ || __x86_64__
           int error;
   #endif  
           struct vfs_context context;
           kern_return_t   ret;
           struct ucred temp_cred;
           struct posix_cred temp_pcred;
   #if NFSCLIENT || CONFIG_IMAGEBOOT
           boolean_t       netboot = FALSE;
   #endif
   
   #define bsd_init_kprintf(x...) /* kprintf("bsd_init: " x) */
   
           kernel_flock = funnel_alloc(KERNEL_FUNNEL);
           if (kernel_flock == (funnel_t *)0 ) {
                   panic("bsd_init: Failed to allocate kernel funnel");
           }
           
           printf(copyright);
           
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling kmeminit\n");
           kmeminit();
           
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling parse_bsd_args\n");
           parse_bsd_args();
   
           /* Initialize kauth subsystem before instancing the first credential */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling kauth_init\n");
           kauth_init();
   
           /* Initialize process and pgrp structures. */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling procinit\n");
           procinit();
   
           /* Initialize the ttys (MUST be before kminit()/bsd_autoconf()!)*/
           tty_init();
   
           kernproc = &proc0;      /* implicitly bzero'ed */
   
           /* kernel_task->proc = kernproc; */
           set_bsdtask_info(kernel_task,(void *)kernproc);
   
           /* give kernproc a name */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling process_name\n");
           process_name("kernel_task", kernproc);
   
           /* allocate proc lock group attribute and group */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling lck_grp_attr_alloc_init\n");
           proc_lck_grp_attr= lck_grp_attr_alloc_init();
   
           proc_lck_grp = lck_grp_alloc_init("proc",  proc_lck_grp_attr);
   #if CONFIG_FINE_LOCK_GROUPS
           proc_slock_grp = lck_grp_alloc_init("proc-slock",  proc_lck_grp_attr);
           proc_fdmlock_grp = lck_grp_alloc_init("proc-fdmlock",  proc_lck_grp_attr);
           proc_mlock_grp = lck_grp_alloc_init("proc-mlock",  proc_lck_grp_attr);
   #endif
           /* Allocate proc lock attribute */
           proc_lck_attr = lck_attr_alloc_init();
   #if 0
   #if __PROC_INTERNAL_DEBUG
           lck_attr_setdebug(proc_lck_attr);
   #endif
   #endif
   
   #if CONFIG_FINE_LOCK_GROUPS
           proc_list_mlock = lck_mtx_alloc_init(proc_mlock_grp, proc_lck_attr);
           proc_klist_mlock = lck_mtx_alloc_init(proc_mlock_grp, proc_lck_attr);
           lck_mtx_init(&kernproc->p_mlock, proc_mlock_grp, proc_lck_attr);
           lck_mtx_init(&kernproc->p_fdmlock, proc_fdmlock_grp, proc_lck_attr);
           lck_spin_init(&kernproc->p_slock, proc_slock_grp, proc_lck_attr);
   #else
           proc_list_mlock = lck_mtx_alloc_init(proc_lck_grp, proc_lck_attr);
           proc_klist_mlock = lck_mtx_alloc_init(proc_lck_grp, proc_lck_attr);
           lck_mtx_init(&kernproc->p_mlock, proc_lck_grp, proc_lck_attr);
           lck_mtx_init(&kernproc->p_fdmlock, proc_lck_grp, proc_lck_attr);
           lck_spin_init(&kernproc->p_slock, proc_lck_grp, proc_lck_attr);
   #endif
   
           assert(bsd_simul_execs != 0);
           execargs_cache_lock = lck_mtx_alloc_init(proc_lck_grp, proc_lck_attr);
           execargs_cache_size = bsd_simul_execs;
           execargs_free_count = bsd_simul_execs;
           execargs_cache = (vm_offset_t *)kalloc(bsd_simul_execs * sizeof(vm_offset_t));
           bzero(execargs_cache, bsd_simul_execs * sizeof(vm_offset_t));
           
           if (current_task() != kernel_task)
                   printf("bsd_init: We have a problem, "
                                   "current task is not kernel task\n");
           
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling get_bsdthread_info\n");
           ut = (uthread_t)get_bsdthread_info(current_thread());
   
   #if CONFIG_MACF
           /*
            * Initialize the MAC Framework
            */
           mac_policy_initbsd();
           kernproc->p_mac_enforce = 0;
   
   #if defined (__i386__) || defined (__x86_64__)
           /*
            * We currently only support this on i386/x86_64, as that is the
            * only lock code we have instrumented so far.
            */
           check_policy_init(policy_check_flags);
   #endif
   #endif /* MAC */
   
           /*
            * Create process 0.
            */
           proc_list_lock();
           LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&allproc, kernproc, p_list);
           kernproc->p_pgrp = &pgrp0;
           LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PGRPHASH(0), &pgrp0, pg_hash);
           LIST_INIT(&pgrp0.pg_members);
   #ifdef CONFIG_FINE_LOCK_GROUPS
           lck_mtx_init(&pgrp0.pg_mlock, proc_mlock_grp, proc_lck_attr);
   #else
           lck_mtx_init(&pgrp0.pg_mlock, proc_lck_grp, proc_lck_attr);
   #endif
           /* There is no other bsd thread this point and is safe without pgrp lock */
           LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&pgrp0.pg_members, kernproc, p_pglist);
           kernproc->p_listflag |= P_LIST_INPGRP;
           kernproc->p_pgrpid = 0;
           kernproc->p_uniqueid = 0;
   
           pgrp0.pg_session = &session0;
           pgrp0.pg_membercnt = 1;
   
           session0.s_count = 1;
           session0.s_leader = kernproc;
           session0.s_listflags = 0;
   #ifdef CONFIG_FINE_LOCK_GROUPS
           lck_mtx_init(&session0.s_mlock, proc_mlock_grp, proc_lck_attr);
   #else
           lck_mtx_init(&session0.s_mlock, proc_lck_grp, proc_lck_attr);
   #endif
           LIST_INSERT_HEAD(SESSHASH(0), &session0, s_hash);
           proc_list_unlock();
   
   #if CONFIG_LCTX
           kernproc->p_lctx = NULL;
   #endif
   
           kernproc->task = kernel_task;
           
           kernproc->p_stat = SRUN;
           kernproc->p_flag = P_SYSTEM;
           kernproc->p_lflag = 0;
           kernproc->p_ladvflag = 0;
           
   #if DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG
           if (bootarg_disable_aslr)
                   kernproc->p_flag |= P_DISABLE_ASLR;
   #endif
   
           kernproc->p_nice = NZERO;
           kernproc->p_pptr = kernproc;
   
           TAILQ_INIT(&kernproc->p_uthlist);
           TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&kernproc->p_uthlist, ut, uu_list);
           
           kernproc->sigwait = FALSE;
           kernproc->sigwait_thread = THREAD_NULL;
           kernproc->exit_thread = THREAD_NULL;
           kernproc->p_csflags = CS_VALID;
   
           /*
            * Create credential.  This also Initializes the audit information.
            */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling bzero\n");
           bzero(&temp_cred, sizeof(temp_cred));
           bzero(&temp_pcred, sizeof(temp_pcred));
           temp_pcred.cr_ngroups = 1;
   
           temp_cred.cr_audit.as_aia_p = audit_default_aia_p;
   
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling kauth_cred_create\n");
           /*
            * We have to label the temp cred before we create from it to
            * properly set cr_ngroups, or the create will fail.
            */
           posix_cred_label(&temp_cred, &temp_pcred);
           kernproc->p_ucred = kauth_cred_create(&temp_cred); 
   
           /* update cred on proc */
           PROC_UPDATE_CREDS_ONPROC(kernproc);
   
           /* give the (already exisiting) initial thread a reference on it */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling kauth_cred_ref\n");
           kauth_cred_ref(kernproc->p_ucred);
           ut->uu_context.vc_ucred = kernproc->p_ucred;
           ut->uu_context.vc_thread = current_thread();
   
           TAILQ_INIT(&kernproc->p_aio_activeq);
           TAILQ_INIT(&kernproc->p_aio_doneq);
           kernproc->p_aio_total_count = 0;
           kernproc->p_aio_active_count = 0;
   
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling file_lock_init\n");
           file_lock_init();
   
   #if CONFIG_MACF
           mac_cred_label_associate_kernel(kernproc->p_ucred);
           mac_task_label_update_cred (kernproc->p_ucred, (struct task *) kernproc->task);
   #endif
   
           /* Create the file descriptor table. */
           filedesc0.fd_refcnt = 1+1;      /* +1 so shutdown will not _FREE_ZONE */
           kernproc->p_fd = &filedesc0;
           filedesc0.fd_cmask = cmask;
           filedesc0.fd_knlistsize = -1;
           filedesc0.fd_knlist = NULL;
           filedesc0.fd_knhash = NULL;
           filedesc0.fd_knhashmask = 0;
   
           /* Create the limits structures. */
           kernproc->p_limit = &limit0;
           for (i = 0; i < sizeof(kernproc->p_rlimit)/sizeof(kernproc->p_rlimit[0]); i++)
                   limit0.pl_rlimit[i].rlim_cur = 
                           limit0.pl_rlimit[i].rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
           limit0.pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_cur = NOFILE;
           limit0.pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_cur = maxprocperuid;
           limit0.pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_max = maxproc;
           limit0.pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK] = vm_initial_limit_stack;
           limit0.pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA] = vm_initial_limit_data;
           limit0.pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_CORE] = vm_initial_limit_core;
           limit0.pl_refcnt = 1;
   
           kernproc->p_stats = &pstats0;
           kernproc->p_sigacts = &sigacts0;
   
           /*
            * Charge root for two  processes: init and mach_init.
            */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling chgproccnt\n");
           (void)chgproccnt(0, 1);
   
           /*
            *      Allocate a kernel submap for pageable memory
            *      for temporary copying (execve()).
            */
           {
                   vm_offset_t     minimum;
   
                   bsd_init_kprintf("calling kmem_suballoc\n");
                   assert(bsd_pageable_map_size != 0);
                   ret = kmem_suballoc(kernel_map,
                                   &minimum,
                                   (vm_size_t)bsd_pageable_map_size,
                                   TRUE,
                                   VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE,
                                   &bsd_pageable_map);
                   if (ret != KERN_SUCCESS) 
                           panic("bsd_init: Failed to allocate bsd pageable map");
           }
   
           /*
            * Initialize buffers and hash links for buffers
            *
            * SIDE EFFECT: Starts a thread for bcleanbuf_thread(), so must
            *              happen after a credential has been associated with
            *              the kernel task.
            */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling bsd_bufferinit\n");
           bsd_bufferinit();
   
           /* Initialize the execve() semaphore */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling semaphore_create\n");
   
           if (ret != KERN_SUCCESS)
                   panic("bsd_init: Failed to create execve semaphore");
   
           /*
            * Initialize the calendar.
            */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling IOKitInitializeTime\n");
           IOKitInitializeTime();
   
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling ubc_init\n");
           ubc_init();
   
           /*
            * Initialize device-switches.
            */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling devsw_init() \n");
           devsw_init();
   
           /* Initialize the file systems. */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling vfsinit\n");
           vfsinit();
   
   #if SOCKETS
           /* Initialize per-CPU cache allocator */
           mcache_init();
   
           /* Initialize mbuf's. */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling mbinit\n");
           mbinit();
           net_str_id_init(); /* for mbuf tags */
   #endif /* SOCKETS */
   
           /*
            * Initializes security event auditing.
            * XXX: Should/could this occur later?
            */
   #if CONFIG_AUDIT
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling audit_init\n");
           audit_init();  
   #endif
   
           /* Initialize kqueues */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling knote_init\n");
           knote_init();
   
           /* Initialize for async IO */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling aio_init\n");
           aio_init();
   
           /* Initialize pipes */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling pipeinit\n");
           pipeinit();
   
           /* Initialize SysV shm subsystem locks; the subsystem proper is
            * initialized through a sysctl.
            */
   #if SYSV_SHM
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling sysv_shm_lock_init\n");
           sysv_shm_lock_init();
   #endif
   #if SYSV_SEM
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling sysv_sem_lock_init\n");
           sysv_sem_lock_init();
   #endif
   #if SYSV_MSG
           bsd_init_kprintf("sysv_msg_lock_init\n");
           sysv_msg_lock_init();
   #endif
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling pshm_lock_init\n");
           pshm_lock_init();
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling psem_lock_init\n");
           psem_lock_init();
   
           pthread_init();
           /* POSIX Shm and Sem */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling pshm_cache_init\n");
           pshm_cache_init();
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling psem_cache_init\n");
           psem_cache_init();
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling time_zone_slock_init\n");
           time_zone_slock_init();
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling select_wait_queue_init\n");
           select_wait_queue_init();
   
           /* Stack snapshot facility lock */
           stackshot_lock_init();
           /*
            * Initialize protocols.  Block reception of incoming packets
            * until everything is ready.
            */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling sysctl_register_fixed\n");
           sysctl_register_fixed(); 
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling sysctl_mib_init\n");
           sysctl_mib_init();
   #if NETWORKING
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling dlil_init\n");
           dlil_init();
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling proto_kpi_init\n");
           proto_kpi_init();
   #endif /* NETWORKING */
   #if SOCKETS
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling socketinit\n");
           socketinit();
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling domaininit\n");
           domaininit();
   #endif /* SOCKETS */
   
           kernproc->p_fd->fd_cdir = NULL;
           kernproc->p_fd->fd_rdir = NULL;
   
   #if CONFIG_FREEZE
           /* Initialise background hibernation */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling kern_hibernation_init\n");
           kern_hibernation_init();
   #endif
   
   #if CONFIG_EMBEDDED
           /* Initialize kernel memory status notifications */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling kern_memorystatus_init\n");
           kern_memorystatus_init();
   #endif
   
   #ifdef GPROF
           /* Initialize kernel profiling. */
           kmstartup();
   #endif
   
           /* kick off timeout driven events by calling first time */
           thread_wakeup(&lbolt);
           timeout(lightning_bolt, 0, hz);
   
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling bsd_autoconf\n");
           bsd_autoconf();
   
   #if CONFIG_DTRACE
           dtrace_postinit();
   #endif
   
           /*
            * We attach the loopback interface *way* down here to ensure
            * it happens after autoconf(), otherwise it becomes the
            * "primary" interface.
            */
   #include <loop.h>
   #if NLOOP > 0
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling loopattach\n");
           loopattach();                   /* XXX */
   #endif
   
   #if PFLOG
           /* Initialize packet filter log interface */
           pfloginit();
   #endif /* PFLOG */
   
   #if NETHER > 0
           /* Register the built-in dlil ethernet interface family */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling ether_family_init\n");
           ether_family_init();
   #endif /* ETHER */
   
   #if NETWORKING
           /* Call any kext code that wants to run just after network init */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling net_init_run\n");
           net_init_run();
           
           /* register user tunnel kernel control handler */
           utun_register_control();
       netsrc_init();
           
           /* wait for network domain to finish */
           domainfin();
   #endif /* NETWORKING */
   
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling vnode_pager_bootstrap\n");
           vnode_pager_bootstrap();
   #if 0
           /* XXX Hack for early debug stop */
           printf("\nabout to sleep for 10 seconds\n");
           IOSleep( 10 * 1000 );
           /* Debugger("hello"); */
   #endif
   
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling inittodr\n");
           inittodr(0);
   
           /* Mount the root file system. */
           while( TRUE) {
                   int err;
   
                   bsd_init_kprintf("calling setconf\n");
                   setconf();
   #if NFSCLIENT
                   netboot = (mountroot == netboot_mountroot);
   #endif
   
                   bsd_init_kprintf("vfs_mountroot\n");
                   if (0 == (err = vfs_mountroot()))
                           break;
                   rootdevice[0] = '\0';
   #if NFSCLIENT
                   if (netboot) {
                           PE_display_icon( 0, "noroot");  /* XXX a netboot-specific icon would be nicer */
                           vc_progress_set(FALSE, 0);
                           for (i=1; 1; i*=2) {
                                   printf("bsd_init: failed to mount network root, error %d, %s\n",
                                           err, PE_boot_args());
                                   printf("We are hanging here...\n");
                                   IOSleep(i*60*1000);
                           }
                           /*NOTREACHED*/
                   }
   #endif
                   printf("cannot mount root, errno = %d\n", err);
                   boothowto |= RB_ASKNAME;
           }
   
           IOSecureBSDRoot(rootdevice);
   
           context.vc_thread = current_thread();
           context.vc_ucred = kernproc->p_ucred;
           mountlist.tqh_first->mnt_flag |= MNT_ROOTFS;
   
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling VFS_ROOT\n");
           /* Get the vnode for '/'.  Set fdp->fd_fd.fd_cdir to reference it. */
           if (VFS_ROOT(mountlist.tqh_first, &rootvnode, &context))
                   panic("bsd_init: cannot find root vnode: %s", PE_boot_args());
           rootvnode->v_flag |= VROOT;
           (void)vnode_ref(rootvnode);
           (void)vnode_put(rootvnode);
           filedesc0.fd_cdir = rootvnode;
   
   #if NFSCLIENT
           if (netboot) {
                   int err;
   
                   netboot = TRUE;
                   /* post mount setup */
                   if ((err = netboot_setup()) != 0) {
                           PE_display_icon( 0, "noroot");  /* XXX a netboot-specific icon would be nicer */
                           vc_progress_set(FALSE, 0);
                           for (i=1; 1; i*=2) {
                                   printf("bsd_init: NetBoot could not find root, error %d: %s\n",
                                           err, PE_boot_args());
                                   printf("We are hanging here...\n");
                                   IOSleep(i*60*1000);
                           }
                           /*NOTREACHED*/
                   }
           }
   #endif
           
   
   #if CONFIG_IMAGEBOOT
           /*
            * See if a system disk image is present. If so, mount it and
            * switch the root vnode to point to it
            */ 
           if (netboot == FALSE && imageboot_needed()) {
                   /* 
                    * An image was found.  No turning back: we're booted
                    * with a kernel from the disk image.
                    */
                   imageboot_setup(); 
           }
   #endif /* CONFIG_IMAGEBOOT */
     
           /* set initial time; all other resource data is  already zero'ed */
           microtime(&kernproc->p_start);
           kernproc->p_stats->p_start = kernproc->p_start; /* for compat */
   
   #if DEVFS
           {
               char mounthere[] = "/dev";  /* !const because of internal casting */
   
               bsd_init_kprintf("calling devfs_kernel_mount\n");
               devfs_kernel_mount(mounthere);
           }
   #endif /* DEVFS */
           
           /* Initialize signal state for process 0. */
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling siginit\n");
           siginit(kernproc);
   
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling bsd_utaskbootstrap\n");
           bsd_utaskbootstrap();
   
   #if defined(__LP64__)
           kernproc->p_flag |= P_LP64;
           printf("Kernel is LP64\n");
   #endif
   
           pal_kernel_announce();
   
   #if __i386__ || __x86_64__
           /* this should be done after the root filesystem is mounted */
           error = set_archhandler(kernproc, CPU_TYPE_POWERPC);
           if (error) /* XXX make more generic */
                   exec_archhandler_ppc.path[0] = 0;
   #endif  
   
           bsd_init_kprintf("calling mountroot_post_hook\n");
   
           /* invoke post-root-mount hook */
           if (mountroot_post_hook != NULL)
                   mountroot_post_hook();
   
   #if 0 /* not yet */
           consider_zone_gc(FALSE);
   #endif
   
           bsd_init_kprintf("done\n");
   }
   
   /* Called with kernel funnel held */
   void
   bsdinit_task(void)
   {
           proc_t p = current_proc();
           struct uthread *ut;
           thread_t thread;
   
           process_name("init", p);
   
           ux_handler_init();
   
           thread = current_thread();
           (void) host_set_exception_ports(host_priv_self(),
                                          EXC_MASK_ALL & ~(EXC_MASK_RPC_ALERT),//pilotfish (shark) needs this port
                                          (mach_port_t) ux_exception_port,
                                          EXCEPTION_DEFAULT| MACH_EXCEPTION_CODES,
                                          0);
  
          ut = (uthread_t)get_bsdthread_info(thread);
  
          bsd_init_task = get_threadtask(thread);
          init_task_failure_data[0] = 0;
  
  #if CONFIG_MACF
          mac_cred_label_associate_user(p->p_ucred);
          mac_task_label_update_cred (p->p_ucred, (struct task *) p->task);
  #endif
          load_init_program(p);
          lock_trace = 1;
  }
  
  void
  lightning_bolt(__unused void *dummy)
  {                       
          boolean_t       funnel_state;
  
          funnel_state = thread_funnel_set(kernel_flock, TRUE);
  
          thread_wakeup(&lbolt);
          timeout(lightning_bolt,0,hz);
          klogwakeup();
  
          (void) thread_funnel_set(kernel_flock, FALSE);
  }
  
  kern_return_t
  bsd_autoconf(void)
  {
          kprintf("bsd_autoconf: calling kminit\n");
          kminit();
  
          /* 
           * Early startup for bsd pseudodevices.
           */
          {
              struct pseudo_init *pi;
          
              for (pi = pseudo_inits; pi->ps_func; pi++)
                  (*pi->ps_func) (pi->ps_count);
          }
  
          return( IOKitBSDInit());
  }
  
  
  #include <sys/disklabel.h>  /* for MAXPARTITIONS */
  
  static void
  setconf(void)
  {       
          u_int32_t       flags;
          kern_return_t   err;
  
          /*
           * calls into IOKit can generate networking registrations
           * which needs to be under network funnel. Right thing to do
           * here is to drop the funnel alltogether and regrab it afterwards
           */
          err = IOFindBSDRoot(rootdevice, sizeof(rootdevice), &rootdev, &flags);
          if( err) {
                  printf("setconf: IOFindBSDRoot returned an error (%d);"
                          "setting rootdevice to 'sd0a'.\n", err); /* XXX DEBUG TEMP */
                  rootdev = makedev( 6, 0 );
                  strlcpy(rootdevice, "sd0a", sizeof(rootdevice));
                  flags = 0;
          }
  
  #if NFSCLIENT
          if( flags & 1 ) {
                  /* network device */
                  mountroot = netboot_mountroot;
          } else {
  #endif
                  /* otherwise have vfs determine root filesystem */
                  mountroot = NULL;
  #if NFSCLIENT
          }
  #endif
  
  }
  
  void
  bsd_utaskbootstrap(void)
  {
          thread_t thread;
          struct uthread *ut;
  
          /*
           * Clone the bootstrap process from the kernel process, without
           * inheriting either task characteristics or memory from the kernel;
           */
          thread = cloneproc(TASK_NULL, kernproc, FALSE);
  
          /* Hold the reference as it will be dropped during shutdown */
          initproc = proc_find(1);                                
  #if __PROC_INTERNAL_DEBUG
          if (initproc == PROC_NULL)
                  panic("bsd_utaskbootstrap: initproc not set\n");
  #endif
          /*
           * Since we aren't going back out the normal way to our parent,
           * we have to drop the transition locks explicitly.
           */
          proc_signalend(initproc, 0);
          proc_transend(initproc, 0);
  
          ut = (struct uthread *)get_bsdthread_info(thread);
          ut->uu_sigmask = 0;
          act_set_astbsd(thread);
          (void) thread_resume(thread);
  }
  
  static void
  parse_bsd_args(void)
  {
          char namep[16];
          int msgbuf;
  
          if (PE_parse_boot_argn("-s", namep, sizeof (namep)))
                  boothowto |= RB_SINGLE;
  
          if (PE_parse_boot_argn("-b", namep, sizeof (namep)))
                  boothowto |= RB_NOBOOTRC;
  
          if (PE_parse_boot_argn("-x", namep, sizeof (namep))) /* safe boot */
                  boothowto |= RB_SAFEBOOT;
  
          /* disable 64 bit grading */
          if (PE_parse_boot_argn("-no64exec", namep, sizeof (namep)))
                  bootarg_no64exec = 1;
  
          /* disable vnode_cache_is_authorized() by setting vnode_cache_defeat */
          if (PE_parse_boot_argn("-vnode_cache_defeat", namep, sizeof (namep)))
                  bootarg_vnode_cache_defeat = 1;
  
  #if DEVELOPMENT || DEBUG
          if (PE_parse_boot_argn("-disable_aslr", namep, sizeof (namep)))
                  bootarg_disable_aslr = 1;
  #endif
  
          PE_parse_boot_argn("ncl", &ncl, sizeof (ncl));
          if (PE_parse_boot_argn("nbuf", &max_nbuf_headers,
                                  sizeof (max_nbuf_headers))) {
                  customnbuf = 1;
          }
  #if !defined(SECURE_KERNEL)
          PE_parse_boot_argn("kmem", &setup_kmem, sizeof (setup_kmem));
  #endif
  
  #if CONFIG_MACF
  #if defined (__i386__) || defined (__x86_64__)
          PE_parse_boot_argn("policy_check", &policy_check_flags, sizeof (policy_check_flags));
  #endif
  #endif  /* CONFIG_MACF */
  
          if (PE_parse_boot_argn("msgbuf", &msgbuf, sizeof (msgbuf))) {
                  log_setsize(msgbuf);
          }
  
          if (PE_parse_boot_argn("-novfscache", namep, sizeof(namep))) {
                  nc_disabled = 1;
          }
  }
  
  void
  bsd_exec_setup(int scale)
  {
  
          switch (scale) {
                  case 0:
                  case 1:
                          bsd_simul_execs = BSD_SIMUL_EXECS;
                          break;
                  case 2:
                  case 3:
                          bsd_simul_execs = 65;
                          break;
                  case 4:
                  case 5:
                          bsd_simul_execs = 129;
                          break;
                  case 6:
                  case 7:
                          bsd_simul_execs = 257;
                          break;
                  default:
                          bsd_simul_execs = 513;
                          break;
                          
          }
          bsd_pageable_map_size = (bsd_simul_execs * BSD_PAGEABLE_SIZE_PER_EXEC);
  }
  
  #if !NFSCLIENT
  int 
  netboot_root(void);
  
  int 
  netboot_root(void)
  {
          return(0);
  }
  #endif

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