The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, Second Edition
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FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/dev/sound/pcm/feeder_rate.c

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    1 /*-
    2  * Copyright (c) 2003 Orion Hodson <orion@freebsd.org>
    3  * All rights reserved.
    4  *
    5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
    7  * are met:
    8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
    9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   13  *
   14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
   15  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   17  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   18  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   19  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   20  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   21  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   22  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
   23  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   24  * SUCH DAMAGE.
   25  *
   26  * MAINTAINER: Orion Hodson <orion@freebsd.org>
   27  *
   28  * This rate conversion code uses linear interpolation without any
   29  * pre- or post- interpolation filtering to combat aliasing.  This
   30  * greatly limits the sound quality and should be addressed at some
   31  * stage in the future.
   32  * 
   33  * Since this accuracy of interpolation is sensitive and examination
   34  * of the algorithm output is harder from the kernel, th code is
   35  * designed to be compiled in the kernel and in a userland test
   36  * harness.  This is done by selectively including and excluding code
   37  * with several portions based on whether _KERNEL is defined.  It's a
   38  * little ugly, but exceedingly useful.  The testsuite and its
   39  * revisions can be found at:
   40  *              http://people.freebsd.org/~orion/feedrate/
   41  *
   42  * Special thanks to Ken Marx for exposing flaws in the code and for
   43  * testing revisions.
   44  */
   45 
   46 #ifdef _KERNEL
   47 
   48 #include <dev/sound/pcm/sound.h>
   49 #include "feeder_if.h"
   50 
   51 SND_DECLARE_FILE("$FreeBSD: releng/6.0/sys/dev/sound/pcm/feeder_rate.c 139749 2005-01-06 01:43:34Z imp $");
   52 
   53 #endif /* _KERNEL */
   54 
   55 MALLOC_DEFINE(M_RATEFEEDER, "ratefeed", "pcm rate feeder");
   56 
   57 #ifndef RATE_ASSERT
   58 #define RATE_ASSERT(x, y) /* KASSERT(x) */
   59 #endif /* RATE_ASSERT */
   60 
   61 #ifndef RATE_TRACE
   62 #define RATE_TRACE(x...)  /* printf(x) */
   63 #endif
   64 
   65 /*****************************************************************************/
   66 
   67 /* The following coefficients are coupled.  They are chosen to be
   68  * guarantee calculable factors for the interpolation routine.  They
   69  * have been tested over the range of RATEMIN-RATEMAX Hz.  Decreasing
   70  * the granularity increases the required buffer size and affects the
   71  * gain values at different points in the space.  These values were
   72  * found by running the test program with -p (probe) and some trial
   73  * and error.
   74  *
   75  * ROUNDHZ      the granularity of sample rates (fits n*11025 and n*8000).
   76  * FEEDBUFSZ    the amount of buffer space.
   77  * MINGAIN      the minimum acceptable gain in coefficients search.
   78  */
   79 #define ROUNDHZ                    25
   80 #define FEEDBUFSZ                8192
   81 #define MINGAIN                    92
   82 
   83 #define RATEMIN                  4000
   84 #define RATEMAX                 48000
   85 
   86 struct feed_rate_info;
   87 
   88 typedef int (*rate_convert_method)(struct feed_rate_info *, 
   89                                    uint32_t, uint32_t, int16_t *);
   90 
   91 static int 
   92 convert_stereo_up(struct feed_rate_info *info, 
   93                   uint32_t src_ticks, uint32_t dst_ticks, int16_t *dst);
   94 
   95 static int
   96 convert_stereo_down(struct feed_rate_info *info, 
   97                     uint32_t src_ticks, uint32_t dst_ticks, int16_t *dst);
   98 
   99 struct feed_rate_info {
  100         uint32_t src, dst;      /* source and destination rates */
  101         uint16_t buffer_ticks;  /* number of available samples in buffer */
  102         uint16_t buffer_pos;    /* next available sample in buffer */
  103         uint16_t rounds;        /* maximum number of cycle rounds w buffer */
  104         uint16_t alpha;         /* interpolation distance */
  105         uint16_t sscale;        /* src clock scale */
  106         uint16_t dscale;        /* dst clock scale */
  107         uint16_t mscale;        /* scale factor to avoid divide per sample */
  108         uint16_t mroll;         /* roll to again avoid divide per sample */
  109         uint16_t channels;      /* 1 = mono, 2 = stereo */
  110 
  111         rate_convert_method convert;
  112         int16_t  buffer[FEEDBUFSZ];
  113 };
  114 
  115 #define bytes_per_sample                2
  116 #define src_ticks_per_cycle(info)       (info->dscale * info->rounds)
  117 #define dst_ticks_per_cycle(info)       (info->sscale * info->rounds)
  118 #define bytes_per_tick(info)            (info->channels * bytes_per_sample)
  119 #define src_bytes_per_cycle(info)                                             \
  120                         (src_ticks_per_cycle(info) * bytes_per_tick(info))
  121 #define dst_bytes_per_cycle(info)                                             \
  122                         (dst_ticks_per_cycle(info) * bytes_per_tick(info))
  123 
  124 static uint32_t
  125 gcd(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
  126 {
  127         uint32_t w;
  128         while (y != 0) {
  129                 w = x % y;
  130                 x = y;
  131                 y = w;
  132         }
  133         return x;
  134 }
  135 
  136 static int
  137 feed_rate_setup(struct pcm_feeder *f)
  138 {
  139         struct feed_rate_info *info = f->data;
  140         uint32_t mscale, mroll, l, r, g;
  141         
  142         /* Beat sample rates down by greatest common divisor */
  143         g = gcd(info->src, info->dst);
  144         info->sscale = info->dst / g;
  145         info->dscale = info->src / g;
  146 
  147         info->alpha = 0;
  148         info->buffer_ticks = 0; 
  149         info->buffer_pos = 0;
  150 
  151         /* Pick suitable conversion routine */
  152         if (info->src > info->dst) {
  153                 info->convert = convert_stereo_down;
  154         } else {
  155                 info->convert = convert_stereo_up;
  156         }
  157 
  158         /*
  159          * Determine number of conversion rounds that will fit into
  160          * buffer.  NB Must set info->rounds to one before using
  161          * src_ticks_per_cycle here since it used by src_ticks_per_cycle.  
  162          */
  163         info->rounds = 1;       
  164         r = (FEEDBUFSZ - bytes_per_tick(info)) / 
  165                 (src_ticks_per_cycle(info) * bytes_per_tick(info));
  166         if (r == 0) {
  167                 RATE_TRACE("Insufficient buffer space for conversion %d -> %d "
  168                            "(%d < %d)\n", info->src, info->dst, FEEDBUFSZ,
  169                            src_ticks_per_cycle(info) * bytes_per_tick(info));
  170                 return -1;
  171         }
  172         info->rounds = r;
  173         
  174         /*
  175          * Find scale and roll combination that allows us to trade 
  176          * costly divide operations in the main loop for multiply-rolls.
  177          */
  178         for (l = 96; l >= MINGAIN; l -= 3) {
  179                 for (mroll = 0; mroll < 16; mroll ++) {
  180                         mscale = (1 << mroll) / info->sscale;
  181 
  182                         r = (mscale * info->sscale * 100) >> mroll;
  183                         if (r > l && r <= 100) {
  184                                 info->mscale = mscale;
  185                                 info->mroll = mroll;
  186                                 RATE_TRACE("Converting %d to %d with "
  187                                            "mscale = %d and mroll = %d "
  188                                            "(gain = %d / 100)\n",
  189                                            info->src, info->dst,
  190                                            info->mscale, info->mroll, r);
  191                                 return 0;
  192                         }
  193                 }
  194         }
  195         
  196         RATE_TRACE("Failed to find a converter within %d%% gain for "
  197                    "%d to %d.\n", l, info->src, info->dst);
  198 
  199         return -2;
  200 }
  201 
  202 static int
  203 feed_rate_set(struct pcm_feeder *f, int what, int value)
  204 {
  205         struct feed_rate_info *info = f->data;
  206         int rvalue;
  207         
  208         if (value < RATEMIN || value > RATEMAX) {
  209                 return -1;
  210         }
  211         
  212         rvalue = (value / ROUNDHZ) * ROUNDHZ;
  213         if (value - rvalue > ROUNDHZ / 2) {
  214             rvalue += ROUNDHZ;
  215         }
  216         
  217         switch(what) {
  218         case FEEDRATE_SRC:
  219                 info->src = rvalue;
  220                 break;
  221         case FEEDRATE_DST:
  222                 info->dst = rvalue;
  223                 break;
  224         default:
  225                 return -1;
  226         }
  227 
  228         return feed_rate_setup(f);
  229 }
  230 
  231 static int
  232 feed_rate_get(struct pcm_feeder *f, int what)
  233 {
  234         struct feed_rate_info *info = f->data;
  235 
  236         switch(what) {
  237         case FEEDRATE_SRC:
  238                 return info->src;
  239         case FEEDRATE_DST:
  240                 return info->dst;
  241         default:
  242                 return -1;
  243         }
  244         return -1;
  245 }
  246 
  247 static int
  248 feed_rate_init(struct pcm_feeder *f)
  249 {
  250         struct feed_rate_info *info;
  251 
  252         info = malloc(sizeof(*info), M_RATEFEEDER, M_NOWAIT | M_ZERO);
  253         if (info == NULL)
  254                 return ENOMEM;
  255         info->src = DSP_DEFAULT_SPEED;
  256         info->dst = DSP_DEFAULT_SPEED;
  257         info->channels = 2;
  258 
  259         f->data = info;
  260         return 0;
  261 }
  262 
  263 static int
  264 feed_rate_free(struct pcm_feeder *f)
  265 {
  266         struct feed_rate_info *info = f->data;
  267 
  268         if (info) {
  269                 free(info, M_RATEFEEDER);
  270         }
  271         f->data = NULL;
  272         return 0;
  273 }
  274 
  275 static int
  276 convert_stereo_up(struct feed_rate_info *info, 
  277                   uint32_t               src_ticks, 
  278                   uint32_t               dst_ticks, 
  279                   int16_t               *dst)
  280 {
  281         uint32_t max_dst_ticks;
  282         int32_t alpha, dalpha, malpha, mroll, sp, dp, se, de, x, o;
  283         int16_t *src;
  284 
  285         sp = info->buffer_pos * 2;
  286         se = sp + src_ticks * 2;
  287 
  288         src = info->buffer;
  289         alpha = info->alpha * info->mscale;
  290         dalpha = info->dscale * info->mscale; /* Alpha increment */
  291         malpha = info->sscale * info->mscale; /* Maximum allowed alpha value */
  292         mroll = info->mroll;
  293 
  294         /*
  295          * For efficiency the main conversion loop should only depend on
  296          * one variable.  We use the state to work out the maximum number
  297          * of output samples that are available and eliminate the checking of
  298          * sp from the loop.
  299          */
  300         max_dst_ticks = src_ticks * info->dst / info->src - alpha / dalpha;
  301         if (max_dst_ticks < dst_ticks) {
  302                 dst_ticks = max_dst_ticks;
  303         }
  304 
  305         dp = 0;
  306         de = dst_ticks * 2;
  307         /*
  308          * Unrolling this loop manually does not help much here because
  309          * of the alpha, malpha comparison.
  310          */
  311         while (dp < de) {
  312                 o = malpha - alpha;
  313                 x = alpha * src[sp + 2] + o * src[sp];
  314                 dst[dp++] = x >> mroll;
  315                 x = alpha * src[sp + 3] + o * src[sp + 1];
  316                 dst[dp++] = x >> mroll;
  317                 alpha += dalpha;
  318                 if (alpha >= malpha) {
  319                         alpha -= malpha;
  320                         sp += 2;
  321                 }
  322         }
  323         RATE_ASSERT(sp <= se, ("%s: Source overrun\n", __func__)); 
  324 
  325         info->buffer_pos = sp / info->channels;
  326         info->alpha = alpha / info->mscale;
  327 
  328         return dp / info->channels;
  329 }
  330 
  331 static int
  332 convert_stereo_down(struct feed_rate_info *info, 
  333                     uint32_t               src_ticks, 
  334                     uint32_t               dst_ticks, 
  335                     int16_t               *dst)
  336 {
  337         int32_t alpha, dalpha, malpha, mroll, sp, dp, se, de, x, o, m, 
  338                 mdalpha, mstep;
  339         int16_t *src;
  340 
  341         sp = info->buffer_pos * 2;
  342         se = sp + src_ticks * 2;
  343 
  344         src = info->buffer;
  345         alpha = info->alpha * info->mscale;
  346         dalpha = info->dscale * info->mscale; /* Alpha increment */
  347         malpha = info->sscale * info->mscale; /* Maximum allowed alpha value */
  348         mroll = info->mroll;
  349 
  350         dp = 0;
  351         de = dst_ticks * 2;
  352 
  353         m = dalpha / malpha;
  354         mstep = m * 2;
  355         mdalpha = dalpha - m * malpha;
  356 
  357         /*
  358          * TODO: eliminate sp or dp from this loop comparison for a few 
  359          * extra % performance.
  360          */
  361         while (sp < se && dp < de) {
  362                 o = malpha - alpha;
  363                 x = alpha * src[sp + 2] + o * src[sp];
  364                 dst[dp++] = x >> mroll;
  365                 x = alpha * src[sp + 3] + o * src[sp + 1];
  366                 dst[dp++] = x >> mroll;
  367 
  368                 alpha += mdalpha;
  369                 sp += mstep;
  370                 if (alpha >= malpha) {
  371                         alpha -= malpha;
  372                         sp += 2;
  373                 }
  374         }
  375 
  376         info->buffer_pos = sp / 2;
  377         info->alpha = alpha / info->mscale;
  378 
  379         RATE_ASSERT(info->buffer_pos <= info->buffer_ticks, 
  380                     ("%s: Source overrun\n", __func__)); 
  381 
  382         return dp / 2;
  383 }
  384 
  385 static int
  386 feed_rate(struct pcm_feeder     *f, 
  387           struct pcm_channel    *c, 
  388           uint8_t               *b,
  389           uint32_t               count, 
  390           void                  *source)
  391 {
  392         struct feed_rate_info *info = f->data;
  393 
  394         uint32_t done, s_ticks, d_ticks;
  395         done = 0;
  396 
  397         RATE_ASSERT(info->channels == 2, 
  398                     ("%s: channels (%d) != 2", __func__, info->channels));
  399 
  400         while (done < count) {
  401                 /* Slurp in more data if input buffer is not full */
  402                 while (info->buffer_ticks < src_ticks_per_cycle(info)) {
  403                         uint8_t *u8b;
  404                         int      fetch;
  405                         fetch = src_bytes_per_cycle(info) - 
  406                                 info->buffer_ticks * bytes_per_tick(info);
  407                         u8b = (uint8_t*)info->buffer + 
  408                                 (info->buffer_ticks + 1) *
  409                                 bytes_per_tick(info);
  410                         fetch = FEEDER_FEED(f->source, c, u8b, fetch, source);
  411                         RATE_ASSERT(fetch % bytes_per_tick(info) == 0,
  412                                     ("%s: fetched unaligned bytes (%d)",
  413                                      __func__, fetch));
  414                         info->buffer_ticks += fetch / bytes_per_tick(info);
  415                         RATE_ASSERT(src_ticks_per_cycle(info) >= 
  416                                     info->buffer_ticks,
  417                                     ("%s: buffer overfilled (%d > %d).",
  418                                      __func__, info->buffer_ticks, 
  419                                  src_ticks_per_cycle(info)));
  420                         if (fetch == 0)
  421                                 break;
  422                 }
  423 
  424                 /* Find amount of input buffer data that should be processed */
  425                 d_ticks = (count - done) / bytes_per_tick(info);
  426                 s_ticks = info->buffer_ticks - info->buffer_pos;
  427                 if (info->buffer_ticks != src_ticks_per_cycle(info)) {
  428                         if (s_ticks > 8)
  429                                 s_ticks -= 8;
  430                         else
  431                                 s_ticks = 0;
  432                 }
  433 
  434                 d_ticks = info->convert(info, s_ticks, d_ticks,
  435                                         (int16_t*)(b + done));
  436                 if (d_ticks == 0)
  437                         break;
  438                 done += d_ticks * bytes_per_tick(info);
  439 
  440                 RATE_ASSERT(info->buffer_pos <= info->buffer_ticks,
  441                             ("%s: buffer_ticks too big\n", __func__));
  442                 RATE_ASSERT(info->buffer_ticks <= src_ticks_per_cycle(info),
  443                             ("too many ticks %d /  %d\n",
  444                              info->buffer_ticks, src_ticks_per_cycle(info)));
  445                 RATE_TRACE("%s: ticks %5d / %d pos %d\n", __func__,
  446                            info->buffer_ticks, src_ticks_per_cycle(info),
  447                            info->buffer_pos);
  448 
  449                 if (src_ticks_per_cycle(info) <= info->buffer_pos) {
  450                         /* End of cycle reached, copy last samples to start */
  451                         uint8_t *u8b;
  452                         u8b = (uint8_t*)info->buffer;
  453                         bcopy(u8b + src_bytes_per_cycle(info), u8b, 
  454                               bytes_per_tick(info));
  455 
  456                         RATE_ASSERT(info->alpha == 0,
  457                                     ("%s: completed cycle with "
  458                                      "alpha non-zero", __func__, info->alpha));
  459                         
  460                         info->buffer_pos = 0;
  461                         info->buffer_ticks = 0;
  462                 }
  463         }
  464         
  465         RATE_ASSERT(count >= done, 
  466                     ("%s: generated too many bytes of data (%d > %d).",
  467                      __func__, done, count));
  468 
  469         if (done != count) {
  470                 RATE_TRACE("Only did %d of %d\n", done, count);
  471         }
  472 
  473         return done;
  474 }
  475 
  476 static struct pcm_feederdesc feeder_rate_desc[] = {
  477         {FEEDER_RATE, AFMT_S16_LE | AFMT_STEREO, AFMT_S16_LE | AFMT_STEREO, 0},
  478         {0, 0, 0, 0},
  479 };
  480 static kobj_method_t feeder_rate_methods[] = {
  481         KOBJMETHOD(feeder_init,         feed_rate_init),
  482         KOBJMETHOD(feeder_free,         feed_rate_free),
  483         KOBJMETHOD(feeder_set,          feed_rate_set),
  484         KOBJMETHOD(feeder_get,          feed_rate_get),
  485         KOBJMETHOD(feeder_feed,         feed_rate),
  486         {0, 0}
  487 };
  488 FEEDER_DECLARE(feeder_rate, 2, NULL);
  489 

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