Now available: The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System (Second Edition)
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FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/dev/speaker/spkr.c
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1 /*- 2 * spkr.c -- device driver for console speaker 3 * 4 * v1.4 by Eric S. Raymond (esr@snark.thyrsus.com) Aug 1993 5 * modified for FreeBSD by Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> 6 * modified for PC98 by Kakefuda 7 */ 8 9 #include <sys/cdefs.h> 10 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$"); 11 12 #include <sys/param.h> 13 #include <sys/systm.h> 14 #include <sys/kernel.h> 15 #include <sys/module.h> 16 #include <sys/uio.h> 17 #include <sys/conf.h> 18 #include <sys/ctype.h> 19 #include <sys/malloc.h> 20 #include <machine/clock.h> 21 #include <dev/speaker/speaker.h> 22 23 static d_open_t spkropen; 24 static d_close_t spkrclose; 25 static d_write_t spkrwrite; 26 static d_ioctl_t spkrioctl; 27 28 static struct cdevsw spkr_cdevsw = { 29 .d_version = D_VERSION, 30 .d_flags = D_NEEDGIANT, 31 .d_open = spkropen, 32 .d_close = spkrclose, 33 .d_write = spkrwrite, 34 .d_ioctl = spkrioctl, 35 .d_name = "spkr", 36 }; 37 38 static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_SPKR, "spkr", "Speaker buffer"); 39 40 /* 41 **************** MACHINE DEPENDENT PART STARTS HERE ************************* 42 * This section defines a function tone() which causes a tone of given 43 * frequency and duration from the ISA console speaker. 44 * Another function endtone() is defined to force sound off, and there is 45 * also a rest() entry point to do pauses. 46 * 47 * Audible sound is generated using the Programmable Interval Timer (PIT) and 48 * Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI) attached to the ISA speaker. The 49 * PPI controls whether sound is passed through at all; the PIT's channel 2 is 50 * used to generate clicks (a square wave) of whatever frequency is desired. 51 */ 52 53 #define SPKRPRI PSOCK 54 static char endtone, endrest; 55 56 static void tone(unsigned int thz, unsigned int centisecs); 57 static void rest(int centisecs); 58 static void playinit(void); 59 static void playtone(int pitch, int value, int sustain); 60 static void playstring(char *cp, size_t slen); 61 62 /* 63 * Emit tone of frequency thz for given number of centisecs 64 */ 65 static void 66 tone(unsigned int thz, unsigned int centisecs) 67 { 68 int timo; 69 70 if (thz <= 0) 71 return; 72 73 #ifdef DEBUG 74 (void) printf("tone: thz=%d centisecs=%d\n", thz, centisecs); 75 #endif /* DEBUG */ 76 77 /* set timer to generate clicks at given frequency in Hertz */ 78 if (timer_spkr_acquire()) { 79 /* enter list of waiting procs ??? */ 80 return; 81 } 82 disable_intr(); 83 timer_spkr_setfreq(thz); 84 enable_intr(); 85 86 /* 87 * Set timeout to endtone function, then give up the timeslice. 88 * This is so other processes can execute while the tone is being 89 * emitted. 90 */ 91 timo = centisecs * hz / 100; 92 if (timo > 0) 93 tsleep(&endtone, SPKRPRI | PCATCH, "spkrtn", timo); 94 timer_spkr_release(); 95 } 96 97 /* 98 * Rest for given number of centisecs 99 */ 100 static void 101 rest(int centisecs) 102 { 103 int timo; 104 105 /* 106 * Set timeout to endrest function, then give up the timeslice. 107 * This is so other processes can execute while the rest is being 108 * waited out. 109 */ 110 #ifdef DEBUG 111 (void) printf("rest: %d\n", centisecs); 112 #endif /* DEBUG */ 113 timo = centisecs * hz / 100; 114 if (timo > 0) 115 tsleep(&endrest, SPKRPRI | PCATCH, "spkrrs", timo); 116 } 117 118 /* 119 **************** PLAY STRING INTERPRETER BEGINS HERE ********************** 120 * Play string interpretation is modelled on IBM BASIC 2.0's PLAY statement; 121 * M[LNS] are missing; the ~ synonym and the _ slur mark and the octave- 122 * tracking facility are added. 123 * Requires tone(), rest(), and endtone(). String play is not interruptible 124 * except possibly at physical block boundaries. 125 */ 126 127 #ifndef __bool_true_false_are_defined 128 typedef int bool; 129 #endif 130 #define TRUE 1 131 #define FALSE 0 132 133 #define dtoi(c) ((c) - '') 134 135 static int octave; /* currently selected octave */ 136 static int whole; /* whole-note time at current tempo, in ticks */ 137 static int value; /* whole divisor for note time, quarter note = 1 */ 138 static int fill; /* controls spacing of notes */ 139 static bool octtrack; /* octave-tracking on? */ 140 static bool octprefix; /* override current octave-tracking state? */ 141 142 /* 143 * Magic number avoidance... 144 */ 145 #define SECS_PER_MIN 60 /* seconds per minute */ 146 #define WHOLE_NOTE 4 /* quarter notes per whole note */ 147 #define MIN_VALUE 64 /* the most we can divide a note by */ 148 #define DFLT_VALUE 4 /* default value (quarter-note) */ 149 #define FILLTIME 8 /* for articulation, break note in parts */ 150 #define STACCATO 6 /* 6/8 = 3/4 of note is filled */ 151 #define NORMAL 7 /* 7/8ths of note interval is filled */ 152 #define LEGATO 8 /* all of note interval is filled */ 153 #define DFLT_OCTAVE 4 /* default octave */ 154 #define MIN_TEMPO 32 /* minimum tempo */ 155 #define DFLT_TEMPO 120 /* default tempo */ 156 #define MAX_TEMPO 255 /* max tempo */ 157 #define NUM_MULT 3 /* numerator of dot multiplier */ 158 #define DENOM_MULT 2 /* denominator of dot multiplier */ 159 160 /* letter to half-tone: A B C D E F G */ 161 static int notetab[8] = {9, 11, 0, 2, 4, 5, 7}; 162 163 /* 164 * This is the American Standard A440 Equal-Tempered scale with frequencies 165 * rounded to nearest integer. Thank Goddess for the good ol' CRC Handbook... 166 * our octave 0 is standard octave 2. 167 */ 168 #define OCTAVE_NOTES 12 /* semitones per octave */ 169 static int pitchtab[] = 170 { 171 /* C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B*/ 172 /* 0 */ 65, 69, 73, 78, 82, 87, 93, 98, 103, 110, 117, 123, 173 /* 1 */ 131, 139, 147, 156, 165, 175, 185, 196, 208, 220, 233, 247, 174 /* 2 */ 262, 277, 294, 311, 330, 349, 370, 392, 415, 440, 466, 494, 175 /* 3 */ 523, 554, 587, 622, 659, 698, 740, 784, 831, 880, 932, 988, 176 /* 4 */ 1047, 1109, 1175, 1245, 1319, 1397, 1480, 1568, 1661, 1760, 1865, 1975, 177 /* 5 */ 2093, 2217, 2349, 2489, 2637, 2794, 2960, 3136, 3322, 3520, 3729, 3951, 178 /* 6 */ 4186, 4435, 4698, 4978, 5274, 5588, 5920, 6272, 6644, 7040, 7459, 7902, 179 }; 180 181 static void 182 playinit(void) 183 { 184 octave = DFLT_OCTAVE; 185 whole = (100 * SECS_PER_MIN * WHOLE_NOTE) / DFLT_TEMPO; 186 fill = NORMAL; 187 value = DFLT_VALUE; 188 octtrack = FALSE; 189 octprefix = TRUE; /* act as though there was an initial O(n) */ 190 } 191 192 /* 193 * Play tone of proper duration for current rhythm signature 194 */ 195 static void 196 playtone(int pitch, int value, int sustain) 197 { 198 int sound, silence, snum = 1, sdenom = 1; 199 200 /* this weirdness avoids floating-point arithmetic */ 201 for (; sustain; sustain--) { 202 /* See the BUGS section in the man page for discussion */ 203 snum *= NUM_MULT; 204 sdenom *= DENOM_MULT; 205 } 206 207 if (value == 0 || sdenom == 0) 208 return; 209 210 if (pitch == -1) 211 rest(whole * snum / (value * sdenom)); 212 else { 213 sound = (whole * snum) / (value * sdenom) 214 - (whole * (FILLTIME - fill)) / (value * FILLTIME); 215 silence = whole * (FILLTIME-fill) * snum / (FILLTIME * value * sdenom); 216 217 #ifdef DEBUG 218 (void) printf("playtone: pitch %d for %d ticks, rest for %d ticks\n", 219 pitch, sound, silence); 220 #endif /* DEBUG */ 221 222 tone(pitchtab[pitch], sound); 223 if (fill != LEGATO) 224 rest(silence); 225 } 226 } 227 228 /* 229 * Interpret and play an item from a notation string 230 */ 231 static void 232 playstring(char *cp, size_t slen) 233 { 234 int pitch, oldfill, lastpitch = OCTAVE_NOTES * DFLT_OCTAVE; 235 236 #define GETNUM(cp, v) for(v=0; isdigit(cp[1]) && slen > 0; ) \ 237 {v = v * 10 + (*++cp - ''); slen--;} 238 for (; slen--; cp++) { 239 int sustain, timeval, tempo; 240 char c = toupper(*cp); 241 242 #ifdef DEBUG 243 (void) printf("playstring: %c (%x)\n", c, c); 244 #endif /* DEBUG */ 245 246 switch (c) { 247 case 'A': 248 case 'B': 249 case 'C': 250 case 'D': 251 case 'E': 252 case 'F': 253 case 'G': 254 /* compute pitch */ 255 pitch = notetab[c - 'A'] + octave * OCTAVE_NOTES; 256 257 /* this may be followed by an accidental sign */ 258 if (cp[1] == '#' || cp[1] == '+') { 259 ++pitch; 260 ++cp; 261 slen--; 262 } else if (cp[1] == '-') { 263 --pitch; 264 ++cp; 265 slen--; 266 } 267 268 /* 269 * If octave-tracking mode is on, and there has been no octave- 270 * setting prefix, find the version of the current letter note 271 * closest to the last regardless of octave. 272 */ 273 if (octtrack && !octprefix) { 274 if (abs(pitch-lastpitch) > abs(pitch+OCTAVE_NOTES - 275 lastpitch)) { 276 ++octave; 277 pitch += OCTAVE_NOTES; 278 } 279 280 if (abs(pitch-lastpitch) > abs((pitch-OCTAVE_NOTES) - 281 lastpitch)) { 282 --octave; 283 pitch -= OCTAVE_NOTES; 284 } 285 } 286 octprefix = FALSE; 287 lastpitch = pitch; 288 289 /* ...which may in turn be followed by an override time value */ 290 GETNUM(cp, timeval); 291 if (timeval <= 0 || timeval > MIN_VALUE) 292 timeval = value; 293 294 /* ...and/or sustain dots */ 295 for (sustain = 0; cp[1] == '.'; cp++) { 296 slen--; 297 sustain++; 298 } 299 300 /* ...and/or a slur mark */ 301 oldfill = fill; 302 if (cp[1] == '_') { 303 fill = LEGATO; 304 ++cp; 305 slen--; 306 } 307 308 /* time to emit the actual tone */ 309 playtone(pitch, timeval, sustain); 310 311 fill = oldfill; 312 break; 313 case 'O': 314 if (cp[1] == 'N' || cp[1] == 'n') { 315 octprefix = octtrack = FALSE; 316 ++cp; 317 slen--; 318 } else if (cp[1] == 'L' || cp[1] == 'l') { 319 octtrack = TRUE; 320 ++cp; 321 slen--; 322 } else { 323 GETNUM(cp, octave); 324 if (octave >= nitems(pitchtab) / OCTAVE_NOTES) 325 octave = DFLT_OCTAVE; 326 octprefix = TRUE; 327 } 328 break; 329 case '>': 330 if (octave < nitems(pitchtab) / OCTAVE_NOTES - 1) 331 octave++; 332 octprefix = TRUE; 333 break; 334 case '<': 335 if (octave > 0) 336 octave--; 337 octprefix = TRUE; 338 break; 339 case 'N': 340 GETNUM(cp, pitch); 341 for (sustain = 0; cp[1] == '.'; cp++) { 342 slen--; 343 sustain++; 344 } 345 oldfill = fill; 346 if (cp[1] == '_') { 347 fill = LEGATO; 348 ++cp; 349 slen--; 350 } 351 playtone(pitch - 1, value, sustain); 352 fill = oldfill; 353 break; 354 case 'L': 355 GETNUM(cp, value); 356 if (value <= 0 || value > MIN_VALUE) 357 value = DFLT_VALUE; 358 break; 359 case 'P': 360 case '~': 361 /* this may be followed by an override time value */ 362 GETNUM(cp, timeval); 363 if (timeval <= 0 || timeval > MIN_VALUE) 364 timeval = value; 365 for (sustain = 0; cp[1] == '.'; cp++) { 366 slen--; 367 sustain++; 368 } 369 playtone(-1, timeval, sustain); 370 break; 371 case 'T': 372 GETNUM(cp, tempo); 373 if (tempo < MIN_TEMPO || tempo > MAX_TEMPO) 374 tempo = DFLT_TEMPO; 375 whole = (100 * SECS_PER_MIN * WHOLE_NOTE) / tempo; 376 break; 377 case 'M': 378 if (cp[1] == 'N' || cp[1] == 'n') { 379 fill = NORMAL; 380 ++cp; 381 slen--; 382 } else if (cp[1] == 'L' || cp[1] == 'l') { 383 fill = LEGATO; 384 ++cp; 385 slen--; 386 } else if (cp[1] == 'S' || cp[1] == 's') { 387 fill = STACCATO; 388 ++cp; 389 slen--; 390 } 391 break; 392 } 393 } 394 } 395 396 /* 397 * ****************** UNIX DRIVER HOOKS BEGIN HERE ************************** 398 * This section implements driver hooks to run playstring() and the tone(), 399 * endtone(), and rest() functions defined above. 400 */ 401 402 static int spkr_active = FALSE; /* exclusion flag */ 403 static char *spkr_inbuf; /* incoming buf */ 404 405 static int 406 spkropen(dev, flags, fmt, td) 407 struct cdev *dev; 408 int flags; 409 int fmt; 410 struct thread *td; 411 { 412 #ifdef DEBUG 413 (void) printf("spkropen: entering with dev = %s\n", devtoname(dev)); 414 #endif /* DEBUG */ 415 416 if (spkr_active) 417 return(EBUSY); 418 else { 419 #ifdef DEBUG 420 (void) printf("spkropen: about to perform play initialization\n"); 421 #endif /* DEBUG */ 422 playinit(); 423 spkr_inbuf = malloc(DEV_BSIZE, M_SPKR, M_WAITOK); 424 spkr_active = TRUE; 425 return(0); 426 } 427 } 428 429 static int 430 spkrwrite(dev, uio, ioflag) 431 struct cdev *dev; 432 struct uio *uio; 433 int ioflag; 434 { 435 #ifdef DEBUG 436 printf("spkrwrite: entering with dev = %s, count = %zd\n", 437 devtoname(dev), uio->uio_resid); 438 #endif /* DEBUG */ 439 440 if (uio->uio_resid > (DEV_BSIZE - 1)) /* prevent system crashes */ 441 return(E2BIG); 442 else { 443 unsigned n; 444 char *cp; 445 int error; 446 447 n = uio->uio_resid; 448 cp = spkr_inbuf; 449 error = uiomove(cp, n, uio); 450 if (!error) { 451 cp[n] = '\0'; 452 playstring(cp, n); 453 } 454 return(error); 455 } 456 } 457 458 static int 459 spkrclose(dev, flags, fmt, td) 460 struct cdev *dev; 461 int flags; 462 int fmt; 463 struct thread *td; 464 { 465 #ifdef DEBUG 466 (void) printf("spkrclose: entering with dev = %s\n", devtoname(dev)); 467 #endif /* DEBUG */ 468 469 wakeup(&endtone); 470 wakeup(&endrest); 471 free(spkr_inbuf, M_SPKR); 472 spkr_active = FALSE; 473 return(0); 474 } 475 476 static int 477 spkrioctl(dev, cmd, cmdarg, flags, td) 478 struct cdev *dev; 479 unsigned long cmd; 480 caddr_t cmdarg; 481 int flags; 482 struct thread *td; 483 { 484 #ifdef DEBUG 485 (void) printf("spkrioctl: entering with dev = %s, cmd = %lx\n", 486 devtoname(dev), cmd); 487 #endif /* DEBUG */ 488 489 if (cmd == SPKRTONE) { 490 tone_t *tp = (tone_t *)cmdarg; 491 492 if (tp->frequency == 0) 493 rest(tp->duration); 494 else 495 tone(tp->frequency, tp->duration); 496 return 0; 497 } else if (cmd == SPKRTUNE) { 498 tone_t *tp = (tone_t *)(*(caddr_t *)cmdarg); 499 tone_t ttp; 500 int error; 501 502 for (; ; tp++) { 503 error = copyin(tp, &ttp, sizeof(tone_t)); 504 if (error) 505 return(error); 506 507 if (ttp.duration == 0) 508 break; 509 510 if (ttp.frequency == 0) 511 rest(ttp.duration); 512 else 513 tone(ttp.frequency, ttp.duration); 514 } 515 return(0); 516 } 517 return(EINVAL); 518 } 519 520 static struct cdev *speaker_dev; 521 522 /* 523 * Module handling 524 */ 525 static int 526 speaker_modevent(module_t mod, int type, void *data) 527 { 528 int error = 0; 529 530 switch(type) { 531 case MOD_LOAD: 532 speaker_dev = make_dev(&spkr_cdevsw, 0, 533 UID_ROOT, GID_WHEEL, 0600, "speaker"); 534 break; 535 case MOD_SHUTDOWN: 536 case MOD_UNLOAD: 537 destroy_dev(speaker_dev); 538 break; 539 default: 540 error = EOPNOTSUPP; 541 } 542 return (error); 543 } 544 545 DEV_MODULE(speaker, speaker_modevent, NULL);
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