FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/emulation/ndis/subr_hal.c

     /*-
      * Copyright (c) 2003
      *      Bill Paul <wpaul@windriver.com>.  All rights reserved.
      *
      * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
      * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
      * are met:
      * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
      *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
     *    must display the following acknowledgement:
     *      This product includes software developed by Bill Paul.
     * 4. Neither the name of the author nor the names of any co-contributors
     *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
     *    without specific prior written permission.
     *
     * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY Bill Paul AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
     * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
     * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
     * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL Bill Paul OR THE VOICES IN HIS HEAD
     * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
     * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
     * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
     * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
     * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
     * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
     * THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     *
     * $FreeBSD: src/sys/compat/ndis/subr_hal.c,v 1.34 2012/11/17 01:51:26 svnexp Exp $
     */
    
    #include <sys/param.h>
    #include <sys/types.h>
    #include <sys/errno.h>
    
    #include <sys/callout.h>
    #include <sys/kernel.h>
    #include <sys/lock.h>
    #include <sys/mutex.h>
    #include <sys/proc.h>
    #include <sys/sched.h>
    #include <sys/module.h>
    
    #include <sys/systm.h>
    
    #include <sys/bus.h>
    #include <sys/rman.h>
    #include <sys/thread2.h>
    
    #include <emulation/ndis/pe_var.h>
    #include <emulation/ndis/resource_var.h>
    #include <emulation/ndis/cfg_var.h>
    #include <emulation/ndis/ntoskrnl_var.h>
    #include <emulation/ndis/hal_var.h>
    
    static void KeStallExecutionProcessor(uint32_t);
    static void WRITE_PORT_BUFFER_ULONG(uint32_t *,
            uint32_t *, uint32_t);
    static void WRITE_PORT_BUFFER_USHORT(uint16_t *,
            uint16_t *, uint32_t);
    static void WRITE_PORT_BUFFER_UCHAR(uint8_t *,
            uint8_t *, uint32_t);
    static void WRITE_PORT_ULONG(uint32_t *, uint32_t);
    static void WRITE_PORT_USHORT(uint16_t *, uint16_t);
    static void WRITE_PORT_UCHAR(uint8_t *, uint8_t);
    static uint32_t READ_PORT_ULONG(uint32_t *);
    static uint16_t READ_PORT_USHORT(uint16_t *);
    static uint8_t READ_PORT_UCHAR(uint8_t *);
    static void READ_PORT_BUFFER_ULONG(uint32_t *,
            uint32_t *, uint32_t);
    static void READ_PORT_BUFFER_USHORT(uint16_t *,
            uint16_t *, uint32_t);
    static void READ_PORT_BUFFER_UCHAR(uint8_t *,
            uint8_t *, uint32_t);
    static uint64_t KeQueryPerformanceCounter(uint64_t *);
    static void _KeLowerIrql(uint8_t);
    static uint8_t KeRaiseIrqlToDpcLevel(void);
    static void dummy (void);
    
    #define NDIS_MAXCPUS 64
    static struct lock disp_lock[NDIS_MAXCPUS];
    
    int
    hal_libinit(void)
    {
            image_patch_table       *patch;
            int                     i;
    
            for (i = 0; i < NDIS_MAXCPUS; i++)
                    lockinit(&disp_lock[i], "HAL preemption lock", 0,
                        LK_CANRECURSE);
    
            patch = hal_functbl;
            while (patch->ipt_func != NULL) {
                    windrv_wrap((funcptr)patch->ipt_func,
                        (funcptr *)&patch->ipt_wrap,
                       patch->ipt_argcnt, patch->ipt_ftype);
                   patch++;
           }
   
           return (0);
   }
   
   int
   hal_libfini(void)
   {
           image_patch_table       *patch;
           int                     i;
   
           for (i = 0; i < NDIS_MAXCPUS; i++)
                   lockuninit(&disp_lock[i]);
   
           patch = hal_functbl;
           while (patch->ipt_func != NULL) {
                   windrv_unwrap(patch->ipt_wrap);
                   patch++;
           }
   
           return (0);
   }
   
   static void
   KeStallExecutionProcessor(uint32_t usecs)
   {
           DELAY(usecs);
   }
   
   static void
   WRITE_PORT_ULONG(uint32_t *port, uint32_t val)
   {
           bus_space_write_4(NDIS_BUS_SPACE_IO, 0x0, (bus_size_t)port, val);
   }
   
   static void
   WRITE_PORT_USHORT(uint16_t *port, uint16_t val)
   {
           bus_space_write_2(NDIS_BUS_SPACE_IO, 0x0, (bus_size_t)port, val);
   }
   
   static void
   WRITE_PORT_UCHAR(uint8_t *port, uint8_t val)
   {
           bus_space_write_1(NDIS_BUS_SPACE_IO, 0x0, (bus_size_t)port, val);
   }
   
   static void
   WRITE_PORT_BUFFER_ULONG(uint32_t *port, uint32_t *val, uint32_t cnt)
   {
           bus_space_write_multi_4(NDIS_BUS_SPACE_IO, 0x0,
               (bus_size_t)port, val, cnt);
   }
   
   static void
   WRITE_PORT_BUFFER_USHORT(uint16_t *port, uint16_t *val, uint32_t cnt)
   {
           bus_space_write_multi_2(NDIS_BUS_SPACE_IO, 0x0,
               (bus_size_t)port, val, cnt);
   }
   
   static void
   WRITE_PORT_BUFFER_UCHAR(uint8_t *port, uint8_t *val, uint32_t cnt)
   {
           bus_space_write_multi_1(NDIS_BUS_SPACE_IO, 0x0,
               (bus_size_t)port, val, cnt);
   }
   
   static uint16_t
   READ_PORT_USHORT(uint16_t *port)
   {
           return (bus_space_read_2(NDIS_BUS_SPACE_IO, 0x0, (bus_size_t)port));
   }
   
   static uint32_t
   READ_PORT_ULONG(uint32_t *port)
   {
           return (bus_space_read_4(NDIS_BUS_SPACE_IO, 0x0, (bus_size_t)port));
   }
   
   static uint8_t
   READ_PORT_UCHAR(uint8_t *port)
   {
           return (bus_space_read_1(NDIS_BUS_SPACE_IO, 0x0, (bus_size_t)port));
   }
   
   static void
   READ_PORT_BUFFER_ULONG(uint32_t *port, uint32_t *val, uint32_t cnt)
   {
           bus_space_read_multi_4(NDIS_BUS_SPACE_IO, 0x0,
               (bus_size_t)port, val, cnt);
   }
   
   static void
   READ_PORT_BUFFER_USHORT(uint16_t *port, uint16_t *val, uint32_t cnt)
   {
           bus_space_read_multi_2(NDIS_BUS_SPACE_IO, 0x0,
               (bus_size_t)port, val, cnt);
   }
   
   static void
   READ_PORT_BUFFER_UCHAR(uint8_t *port, uint8_t *val, uint32_t cnt)
   {
           bus_space_read_multi_1(NDIS_BUS_SPACE_IO, 0x0,
               (bus_size_t)port, val, cnt);
   }
   
   /*
    * The spinlock implementation in Windows differs from that of FreeBSD.
    * The basic operation of spinlocks involves two steps: 1) spin in a
    * tight loop while trying to acquire a lock, 2) after obtaining the
    * lock, disable preemption. (Note that on uniprocessor systems, you're
    * allowed to skip the first step and just lock out pre-emption, since
    * it's not possible for you to be in contention with another running
    * thread.) Later, you release the lock then re-enable preemption.
    * The difference between Windows and FreeBSD lies in how preemption
    * is disabled. In FreeBSD, it's done using critical_enter(), which on
    * the x86 arch translates to a cli instruction. This masks off all
    * interrupts, and effectively stops the scheduler from ever running
    * so _nothing_ can execute except the current thread. In Windows,
    * preemption is disabled by raising the processor IRQL to DISPATCH_LEVEL.
    * This stops other threads from running, but does _not_ block device
    * interrupts. This means ISRs can still run, and they can make other
    * threads runable, but those other threads won't be able to execute
    * until the current thread lowers the IRQL to something less than
    * DISPATCH_LEVEL.
    *
    * There's another commonly used IRQL in Windows, which is APC_LEVEL.
    * An APC is an Asynchronous Procedure Call, which differs from a DPC
    * (Defered Procedure Call) in that a DPC is queued up to run in
    * another thread, while an APC runs in the thread that scheduled
    * it (similar to a signal handler in a UNIX process). We don't
    * actually support the notion of APCs in FreeBSD, so for now, the
    * only IRQLs we're interested in are DISPATCH_LEVEL and PASSIVE_LEVEL.
    *
    * To simulate DISPATCH_LEVEL, we raise the current thread's priority
    * to TDPRI_INT_HIGH, which is the highest we can give it. This should,
    * if I understand things correctly, prevent anything except for an
    * interrupt thread from preempting us. PASSIVE_LEVEL is basically
    * everything else.
    *
    * Be aware that, at least on the x86 arch, the Windows spinlock
    * functions are divided up in peculiar ways. The actual spinlock
    * functions are KfAcquireSpinLock() and KfReleaseSpinLock(), and
    * they live in HAL.dll. Meanwhile, KeInitializeSpinLock(),
    * KefAcquireSpinLockAtDpcLevel() and KefReleaseSpinLockFromDpcLevel()
    * live in ntoskrnl.exe. Most Windows source code will call
    * KeAcquireSpinLock() and KeReleaseSpinLock(), but these are just
    * macros that call KfAcquireSpinLock() and KfReleaseSpinLock().
    * KefAcquireSpinLockAtDpcLevel() and KefReleaseSpinLockFromDpcLevel()
    * perform the lock aquisition/release functions without doing the
    * IRQL manipulation, and are used when one is already running at
    * DISPATCH_LEVEL. Make sense? Good.
    *
    * According to the Microsoft documentation, any thread that calls
    * KeAcquireSpinLock() must be running at IRQL <= DISPATCH_LEVEL. If
    * we detect someone trying to acquire a spinlock from DEVICE_LEVEL
    * or HIGH_LEVEL, we panic.
    *
    * Alternate sleep-lock-based spinlock implementation
    * --------------------------------------------------
    *
    * The earlier spinlock implementation was arguably a bit of a hack
    * and presented several problems. It was basically designed to provide
    * the functionality of spinlocks without incurring the wrath of
    * WITNESS. We could get away with using both our spinlock implementation
    * and FreeBSD sleep locks at the same time, but if WITNESS knew what
    * we were really up to, it would have spanked us rather severely.
    *
    * There's another method we can use based entirely on sleep locks.
    * First, it's important to realize that everything we're locking
    * resides inside Project Evil itself: any critical data being locked
    * by drivers belongs to the drivers, and should not be referenced
    * by any other OS code outside of the NDISulator. The priority-based
    * locking scheme has system-wide effects, just like real spinlocks
    * (blocking preemption affects the whole CPU), but since we keep all
    * our critical data private, we can use a simpler mechanism that
    * affects only code/threads directly related to Project Evil.
    *
    * The idea is to create a sleep lock mutex for each CPU in the system.
    * When a CPU running in the NDISulator wants to acquire a spinlock, it
    * does the following:
    * - Pin ourselves to the current CPU
    * - Acquire the mutex for the current CPU
    * - Spin on the spinlock variable using atomic test and set, just like
    *   a real spinlock.
    * - Once we have the lock, we execute our critical code
    *
    * To give up the lock, we do:
    * - Clear the spinlock variable with an atomic op
    * - Release the per-CPU mutex
    * - Unpin ourselves from the current CPU.
    *
    * On a uniprocessor system, this means all threads that access protected
    * data are serialized through the per-CPU mutex. After one thread
    * acquires the 'spinlock,' any other thread that uses a spinlock on the
    * current CPU will block on the per-CPU mutex, which has the same general
    * effect of blocking pre-emption, but _only_ for those threads that are
    * running NDISulator code.
    *
    * On a multiprocessor system, threads on different CPUs all block on
    * their respective per-CPU mutex, and the atomic test/set operation
    * on the spinlock variable provides inter-CPU synchronization, though
    * only for threads running NDISulator code.
    *
    * This method solves an important problem. In Windows, you're allowed
    * to do an ExAllocatePoolWithTag() with a spinlock held, provided you
    * allocate from NonPagedPool. This implies an atomic heap allocation
    * that will not cause the current thread to sleep. (You can't sleep
    * while holding real spinlock: clowns will eat you.) But in FreeBSD,
    * malloc(9) _always_ triggers the acquisition of a sleep lock, even
    * when you use M_NOWAIT. This is not a problem for FreeBSD native
    * code: you're allowed to sleep in things like interrupt threads. But
    * it is a problem with the old priority-based spinlock implementation:
    * even though we get away with it most of the time, we really can't
    * do a malloc(9) after doing a KeAcquireSpinLock() or KeRaiseIrql().
    * With the new implementation, it's not a problem: you're allowed to
    * acquire more than one sleep lock (as long as you avoid lock order
    * reversals).
    *
    * The one drawback to this approach is that now we have a lot of
    * contention on one per-CPU mutex within the NDISulator code. Whether
    * or not this is preferable to the expected Windows spinlock behavior
    * of blocking pre-emption is debatable.
    */
   
   uint8_t
   KfAcquireSpinLock(kspin_lock *lock)
   {
           uint8_t                 oldirql;
   
           KeRaiseIrql(DISPATCH_LEVEL, &oldirql);
           KeAcquireSpinLockAtDpcLevel(lock);
   
           return (oldirql);
   }
   
   void
   KfReleaseSpinLock(kspin_lock *lock, uint8_t newirql)
   {
           KeReleaseSpinLockFromDpcLevel(lock);
           KeLowerIrql(newirql);
   }
   
   uint8_t
   KeGetCurrentIrql(void)
   {
           if (lockstatus(&disp_lock[curthread->td_gd->gd_cpuid], curthread))
                   return (DISPATCH_LEVEL);
           return (PASSIVE_LEVEL);
   }
   
   static uint64_t
   KeQueryPerformanceCounter(uint64_t *freq)
   {
           if (freq != NULL)
                   *freq = hz;
   
           return ((uint64_t)ticks);
   }
   
   uint8_t
   KfRaiseIrql(uint8_t irql)
   {
           uint8_t                 oldirql;
   
   #if 0 /* XXX swildner */
                   sched_pin();
   #endif
           oldirql = KeGetCurrentIrql();
   
           /* I am so going to hell for this. */
           if (oldirql > irql)
                   panic("IRQL_NOT_LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL");
   
           if (oldirql != DISPATCH_LEVEL)
                   lockmgr(&disp_lock[curthread->td_gd->gd_cpuid], LK_EXCLUSIVE);
   #if 0 /* XXX swildner */
           else
                   sched_unpin();
   #endif
   
   /*kprintf("RAISE IRQL: %d %d\n", irql, oldirql);*/
   
           return (oldirql);
   }
   
   void
   KfLowerIrql(uint8_t oldirql)
   {
           if (oldirql == DISPATCH_LEVEL)
                   return;
   
           if (KeGetCurrentIrql() != DISPATCH_LEVEL)
                   panic("IRQL_NOT_GREATER_THAN");
   
           lockmgr(&disp_lock[curthread->td_gd->gd_cpuid], LK_RELEASE);
   #if 0 /* XXX swildner */
           sched_unpin();
   #endif
   }
   
   static uint8_t
   KeRaiseIrqlToDpcLevel(void)
   {
           uint8_t                 irql;
   
           KeRaiseIrql(DISPATCH_LEVEL, &irql);
           return (irql);
   }
   
   static void
   _KeLowerIrql(uint8_t oldirql)
   {
           KeLowerIrql(oldirql);
   }
   
   static void dummy(void)
   {
           kprintf("hal dummy called...\n");
   }
   
   image_patch_table hal_functbl[] = {
           IMPORT_SFUNC(KeStallExecutionProcessor, 1),
           IMPORT_SFUNC(WRITE_PORT_ULONG, 2),
           IMPORT_SFUNC(WRITE_PORT_USHORT, 2),
           IMPORT_SFUNC(WRITE_PORT_UCHAR, 2),
           IMPORT_SFUNC(WRITE_PORT_BUFFER_ULONG, 3),
           IMPORT_SFUNC(WRITE_PORT_BUFFER_USHORT, 3),
           IMPORT_SFUNC(WRITE_PORT_BUFFER_UCHAR, 3),
           IMPORT_SFUNC(READ_PORT_ULONG, 1),
           IMPORT_SFUNC(READ_PORT_USHORT, 1),
           IMPORT_SFUNC(READ_PORT_UCHAR, 1),
           IMPORT_SFUNC(READ_PORT_BUFFER_ULONG, 3),
           IMPORT_SFUNC(READ_PORT_BUFFER_USHORT, 3),
           IMPORT_SFUNC(READ_PORT_BUFFER_UCHAR, 3),
           IMPORT_FFUNC(KfAcquireSpinLock, 1),
           IMPORT_FFUNC(KfReleaseSpinLock, 1),
           IMPORT_SFUNC(KeGetCurrentIrql, 0),
           IMPORT_SFUNC(KeQueryPerformanceCounter, 1),
           IMPORT_FFUNC(KfLowerIrql, 1),
           IMPORT_FFUNC(KfRaiseIrql, 1),
           IMPORT_SFUNC(KeRaiseIrqlToDpcLevel, 0),
   #undef KeLowerIrql
           IMPORT_SFUNC_MAP(KeLowerIrql, _KeLowerIrql, 1),
   
           /*
            * This last entry is a catch-all for any function we haven't
            * implemented yet. The PE import list patching routine will
            * use it for any function that doesn't have an explicit match
            * in this table.
            */
   
           { NULL, (FUNC)dummy, NULL, 0, WINDRV_WRAP_STDCALL },
   
           /* End of list. */
   
           { NULL, NULL, NULL }
   };

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