FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/i386/conf/NOTES

     #
     # NOTES -- Lines that can be cut/pasted into kernel and hints configs.
     #
     # This file contains machine dependent kernel configuration notes.  For
     # machine independent notes, look in /sys/conf/NOTES.
     #
     # $FreeBSD$
     #
     
    #
    # We want LINT to cover profiling as well.
    profile         2
    
    
    #####################################################################
    # SMP OPTIONS:
    #
    # The apic device enables the use of the I/O APIC for interrupt delivery.
    # The apic device can be used in both UP and SMP kernels, but is required
    # for SMP kernels.  Thus, the apic device is not strictly an SMP option,
    # but it is a prerequisite for SMP.
    #
    # Notes:
    #
    # HTT CPUs should only be used if they are enabled in the BIOS.  For
    # the ACPI case, ACPI only correctly tells us about any HTT CPUs if
    # they are enabled.  However, most HTT systems do not list HTT CPUs
    # in the MP Table if they are enabled, thus we guess at the HTT CPUs
    # for the MP Table case.  However, we shouldn't try to guess and use
    # these CPUs if HTT is disabled.  Thus, HTT guessing is only enabled
    # for the MP Table if the user explicitly asks for it via the
    # MPTABLE_FORCE_HTT option.  Do NOT use this option if you have HTT
    # disabled in your BIOS.
    #
    # IPI_PREEMPTION instructs the kernel to preempt threads running on other
    # CPUS if needed.  Relies on the PREEMPTION option
    
    # Mandatory:
    device          apic                    # I/O apic
    
    # Optional:
    options         MPTABLE_FORCE_HTT       # Enable HTT CPUs with the MP Table
    options         IPI_PREEMPTION
    
    #
    # Watchdog routines.
    #
    options         MP_WATCHDOG
    
    # Debugging options.
    #
    options         STOP_NMI                # Stop CPUS using NMI instead of IPI
    options         COUNT_XINVLTLB_HITS     # Counters for TLB events
    options         COUNT_IPIS              # Per-CPU IPI interrupt counters
    
    
    
    #####################################################################
    # CPU OPTIONS
    
    #
    # You must specify at least one CPU (the one you intend to run on);
    # deleting the specification for CPUs you don't need to use may make
    # parts of the system run faster.
    #
    cpu             I486_CPU
    cpu             I586_CPU                # aka Pentium(tm)
    cpu             I686_CPU                # aka Pentium Pro(tm)
    
    #
    # Options for CPU features.
    #
    # CPU_ATHLON_SSE_HACK tries to enable SSE instructions when the BIOS has
    # forgotten to enable them.
    #
    # CPU_BLUELIGHTNING_3X enables triple-clock mode on IBM Blue Lightning
    # CPU if CPU supports it.  The default is double-clock mode on
    # BlueLightning CPU box.
    #
    # CPU_BLUELIGHTNING_FPU_OP_CACHE enables FPU operand cache on IBM
    # BlueLightning CPU.  It works only with Cyrix FPU, and this option
    # should not be used with Intel FPU.
    #
    # CPU_BTB_EN enables branch target buffer on Cyrix 5x86 (NOTE 1).
    #
    # CPU_CYRIX_NO_LOCK enables weak locking for the entire address space
    # of Cyrix 6x86 and 6x86MX CPUs by setting the NO_LOCK bit of CCR1.
    # Otherwise, the NO_LOCK bit of CCR1 is cleared.  (NOTE 3)
    #
    # CPU_DIRECT_MAPPED_CACHE sets L1 cache of Cyrix 486DLC CPU in direct
    # mapped mode.  Default is 2-way set associative mode.
    #
    # CPU_DISABLE_5X86_LSSER disables load store serialize (i.e., enables
    # reorder).  This option should not be used if you use memory mapped
    # I/O device(s).
    #
    # CPU_DISABLE_CMPXCHG disables the CMPXCHG instruction on > i386 IA32
    # machines.  VmWare 3.x seems to emulate this instruction poorly, causing
    # the guest OS to run very slowly.  This problem appears to be fixed in
   # VmWare 4.x, at least in version 4.5.2, so that enabling this option with
   # VmWare 4.x will result in locking operations to be 20-30 times slower.
   # Enabling this with an SMP kernel will cause the kernel to be unusable.
   #
   # CPU_DISABLE_SSE explicitly prevents I686_CPU from turning on SSE.
   #
   # CPU_ELAN enables support for AMDs ElanSC520 CPU.
   #    CPU_ELAN_PPS enables precision timestamp code.
   #    CPU_ELAN_XTAL sets the clock crystal frequency in Hz.
   #
   # CPU_ENABLE_LONGRUN enables support for Transmeta Crusoe LongRun
   # technology which allows to restrict power consumption of the CPU by
   # using group of hw.crusoe.* sysctls.
   #
   # CPU_FASTER_5X86_FPU enables faster FPU exception handler.
   #
   # CPU_GEODE is for the SC1100 Geode embedded processor.  This option
   # is necessary because the i8254 timecounter is toast.
   #
   # CPU_I486_ON_386 enables CPU cache on i486 based CPU upgrade products
   # for i386 machines.
   #
   # CPU_IORT defines I/O clock delay time (NOTE 1).  Default values of
   # I/O clock delay time on Cyrix 5x86 and 6x86 are 0 and 7,respectively
   # (no clock delay).
   #
   # CPU_L2_LATENCY specifies the L2 cache latency value.  This option is used
   # only when CPU_PPRO2CELERON is defined and Mendocino Celeron is detected.
   # The default value is 5.
   #
   # CPU_LOOP_EN prevents flushing the prefetch buffer if the destination
   # of a jump is already present in the prefetch buffer on Cyrix 5x86(NOTE
   # 1).
   #
   # CPU_PPRO2CELERON enables L2 cache of Mendocino Celeron CPUs.  This option
   # is useful when you use Socket 8 to Socket 370 converter, because most Pentium
   # Pro BIOSs do not enable L2 cache of Mendocino Celeron CPUs.
   #
   # CPU_RSTK_EN enables return stack on Cyrix 5x86 (NOTE 1).
   #
   # CPU_SOEKRIS enables support www.soekris.com hardware.
   #
   # CPU_SUSP_HLT enables suspend on HALT.  If this option is set, CPU
   # enters suspend mode following execution of HALT instruction.
   #
   # CPU_UPGRADE_HW_CACHE eliminates unneeded cache flush instruction(s).
   #
   # CPU_WT_ALLOC enables write allocation on Cyrix 6x86/6x86MX and AMD
   # K5/K6/K6-2 CPUs.
   #
   # CYRIX_CACHE_WORKS enables CPU cache on Cyrix 486 CPUs with cache
   # flush at hold state.
   #
   # CYRIX_CACHE_REALLY_WORKS enables (1) CPU cache on Cyrix 486 CPUs
   # without cache flush at hold state, and (2) write-back CPU cache on
   # Cyrix 6x86 whose revision < 2.7 (NOTE 2).
   #
   # NO_F00F_HACK disables the hack that prevents Pentiums (and ONLY
   # Pentiums) from locking up when a LOCK CMPXCHG8B instruction is
   # executed.  This option is only needed if I586_CPU is also defined,
   # and should be included for any non-Pentium CPU that defines it.
   #
   # NO_MEMORY_HOLE is an optimisation for systems with AMD K6 processors
   # which indicates that the 15-16MB range is *definitely* not being
   # occupied by an ISA memory hole.
   #
   # NOTE 1: The options, CPU_BTB_EN, CPU_LOOP_EN, CPU_IORT,
   # CPU_LOOP_EN and CPU_RSTK_EN should not be used because of CPU bugs.
   # These options may crash your system.
   #
   # NOTE 2: If CYRIX_CACHE_REALLY_WORKS is not set, CPU cache is enabled
   # in write-through mode when revision < 2.7.  If revision of Cyrix
   # 6x86 >= 2.7, CPU cache is always enabled in write-back mode.
   #
   # NOTE 3: This option may cause failures for software that requires
   # locked cycles in order to operate correctly.
   #
   options         CPU_ATHLON_SSE_HACK
   options         CPU_BLUELIGHTNING_3X
   options         CPU_BLUELIGHTNING_FPU_OP_CACHE
   options         CPU_BTB_EN
   options         CPU_DIRECT_MAPPED_CACHE
   options         CPU_DISABLE_5X86_LSSER
   options         CPU_DISABLE_CMPXCHG
   #options        CPU_DISABLE_SSE
   options         CPU_ELAN
   options         CPU_ELAN_PPS
   options         CPU_ELAN_XTAL=32768000
   options         CPU_ENABLE_LONGRUN
   options         CPU_FASTER_5X86_FPU
   options         CPU_GEODE
   options         CPU_I486_ON_386
   options         CPU_IORT
   options         CPU_L2_LATENCY=5
   options         CPU_LOOP_EN
   options         CPU_PPRO2CELERON
   options         CPU_RSTK_EN
   options         CPU_SOEKRIS
   options         CPU_SUSP_HLT
   options         CPU_UPGRADE_HW_CACHE
   options         CPU_WT_ALLOC
   options         CYRIX_CACHE_WORKS
   options         CYRIX_CACHE_REALLY_WORKS
   #options        NO_F00F_HACK
   
   # Debug options
   options         NPX_DEBUG       # enable npx debugging
   
   #
   # PERFMON causes the driver for Pentium/Pentium Pro performance counters
   # to be compiled.  See perfmon(4) for more information.
   #
   options         PERFMON
   
   #
   # XBOX causes the kernel to be bootable on the Microsoft XBox console system.
   # The resulting kernel will auto-detect whether it is being booted on a XBox,
   # so kernels compiled with this option will also work on an ordinary PC.
   # This option require I686_CPU.
   #
   # xboxfb includes support for the XBox frame buffer device. It is fully USB-
   # keyboard aware, and will only be used if an xbox is detected. This option
   # (obviously) requires XBOX support in your kernel.
   #
   # NOTE: xboxfb currently conflicts with syscons(4); if you have an XBOX and
   # include both in your kernel; you will not get any video output. Ordinary
   # PC's do not suffer from this.
   #
   options         XBOX
   device          xboxfb
   
   
   #####################################################################
   # NETWORKING OPTIONS
   
   #
   # DEVICE_POLLING adds support for mixed interrupt-polling handling
   # of network device drivers, which has significant benefits in terms
   # of robustness to overloads and responsivity, as well as permitting
   # accurate scheduling of the CPU time between kernel network processing
   # and other activities.  The drawback is a moderate (up to 1/HZ seconds)
   # potential increase in response times.
   # It is strongly recommended to use HZ=1000 or 2000 with DEVICE_POLLING
   # to achieve smoother behaviour.
   # Additionally, you can enable/disable polling at runtime with help of
   # the ifconfig(8) utility, and select the CPU fraction reserved to
   # userland with the sysctl variable kern.polling.user_frac
   # (default 50, range 0..100).
   #
   # Not all device drivers support this mode of operation at the time of
   # this writing.  See polling(4) for more details.
   
   options         DEVICE_POLLING
   
   
   #####################################################################
   # CLOCK OPTIONS
   
   # The following options are used for debugging clock behavior only, and
   # should not be used for production systems.
   
   # CLK_CALIBRATION_LOOP causes clock calibration to be run in a loop at
   # startup until the user presses a key.  (The i8254 clock is always
   # calibrated relative to the RTC (mc146818a) and this option causes the
   # calibration to be repeated.)
   options         CLK_CALIBRATION_LOOP
   
   # CLK_USE_I8254_CALIBRATION causes the calibrated frequency of the i8254
   # clock to actually be used.
   options         CLK_USE_I8254_CALIBRATION
   
   # Provide read/write access to the memory in the clock chip.
   device          nvram           # Access to rtc cmos via /dev/nvram
   
   
   #####################################################################
   # MISCELLANEOUS DEVICES AND OPTIONS
   
   # 
   # sio: serial ports (see sio(4)), including support for various
   #      PC Card devices, such as Modem and NICs
   #
   device          sio
   hint.sio.0.at="isa"
   hint.sio.0.port="0x3F8"
   hint.sio.0.flags="0x10"
   hint.sio.0.irq="4"
   
   # `flags' specific to sio(4).
   #       0x10    enable console support for this unit.  Other console flags
   #               (if applicable) are ignored unless this is set.  Enabling
   #               console support does not make the unit the preferred console.
   #               Boot with -h or set boot_serial=YES in the loader.  For sio(4)
   #               specifically, the 0x20 flag can also be set (see above).
   #               Currently, at most one unit can have console support; the
   #               first one (in config file order) with this flag set is
   #               preferred.  Setting this flag for sio0 gives the old behaviour.
   #       0x20    force this unit to be the console (unless there is another
   #               higher priority console).  This replaces the COMCONSOLE option.
   #       0x40    reserve this unit for low level console operations.  Do not
   #               access the device in any normal way.
   #       0x80    use this port for serial line gdb support in ddb.  Also known
   #               as debug port.
   # PnP `flags'
   #       0x1     disable probing of this device.  Used to prevent your modem
   #               from being attached as a PnP modem.
   # Other flags for sio that aren't documented in the man page.
   #       0x20000 enable hardware RTS/CTS and larger FIFOs.  Only works for
   #               ST16650A-compatible UARTs.
   
   # Options for sio:
   options         COM_ESP                 # Code for Hayes ESP.
   options         COM_MULTIPORT           # Code for some cards with shared IRQs.
   options         CONSPEED=115200         # Speed for serial console
                                           # (default 9600).
   
   device          speaker         #Play IBM BASIC-style noises out your speaker
   hint.speaker.0.at="isa"
   hint.speaker.0.port="0x61"
   device          gzip            #Exec gzipped a.out's.  REQUIRES COMPAT_AOUT!
   device          apm_saver       # Requires APM
   
   
   #####################################################################
   # HARDWARE BUS CONFIGURATION
   
   #
   # ISA bus
   #
   device          isa             # Required by npx(4)
   
   #
   # Options for `isa':
   #
   # AUTO_EOI_1 enables the `automatic EOI' feature for the master 8259A
   # interrupt controller.  This saves about 0.7-1.25 usec for each interrupt.
   # This option breaks suspend/resume on some portables.
   #
   # AUTO_EOI_2 enables the `automatic EOI' feature for the slave 8259A
   # interrupt controller.  This saves about 0.7-1.25 usec for each interrupt.
   # Automatic EOI is documented not to work for for the slave with the
   # original i8259A, but it works for some clones and some integrated
   # versions.
   #
   # MAXMEM specifies the amount of RAM on the machine; if this is not
   # specified, FreeBSD will first read the amount of memory from the CMOS
   # RAM, so the amount of memory will initially be limited to 64MB or 16MB
   # depending on the BIOS.  If the BIOS reports 64MB, a memory probe will
   # then attempt to detect the installed amount of RAM.  If this probe
   # fails to detect >64MB RAM you will have to use the MAXMEM option.
   # The amount is in kilobytes, so for a machine with 128MB of RAM, it would
   # be 131072 (128 * 1024).
   #
   # BROKEN_KEYBOARD_RESET disables the use of the keyboard controller to
   # reset the CPU for reboot.  This is needed on some systems with broken
   # keyboard controllers.
   
   options         AUTO_EOI_1
   #options        AUTO_EOI_2
   
   options         MAXMEM=(128*1024)
   #options        BROKEN_KEYBOARD_RESET
   
   #
   # EISA bus
   #
   # The EISA bus device is `eisa'.  It provides auto-detection and
   # configuration support for all devices on the EISA bus.
   
   device          eisa
   
   # By default, only 10 EISA slots are probed, since the slot numbers
   # above clash with the configuration address space of the PCI subsystem,
   # and the EISA probe is not very smart about this.  This is sufficient
   # for most machines, but in particular the HP NetServer LC series comes
   # with an onboard AIC7770 dual-channel SCSI controller on EISA slot #11,
   # thus you need to bump this figure to 12 for them.
   options         EISA_SLOTS=12
   
   #
   # MCA bus:
   #
   # The MCA bus device is `mca'.  It provides auto-detection and
   # configuration support for all devices on the MCA bus.
   # No hints are required for MCA.
   
   device          mca
   
   #
   # PCI bus & PCI options:
   #
   device          pci
   
   #
   # AGP GART support
   device          agp
   
   
   #####################################################################
   # HARDWARE DEVICE CONFIGURATION
   
   # To include support for VGA VESA video modes
   options         VESA
   
   # Turn on extra debugging checks and output for VESA support.
   options         VESA_DEBUG
   
   #
   # The Numeric Processing eXtension driver.  This is non-optional.
   device          npx
   hint.npx.0.flags="0x0"
   hint.npx.0.irq="13"
   
   #
   # `flags' for npx0:
   #       0x01    don't use the npx registers to optimize bcopy.
   #       0x02    don't use the npx registers to optimize bzero.
   #       0x04    don't use the npx registers to optimize copyin or copyout.
   # The npx registers are normally used to optimize copying and zeroing when
   # all of the following conditions are satisfied:
   #       I586_CPU is an option
   #       the cpu is an i586 (perhaps not a Pentium)
   #       the probe for npx0 succeeds
   #       INT 16 exception handling works.
   # Then copying and zeroing using the npx registers is normally 30-100% faster.
   # The flags can be used to control cases where it doesn't work or is slower.
   # Setting them at boot time using hints works right (the optimizations
   # are not used until later in the bootstrap when npx0 is attached).
   # Flag 0x08 automatically disables the i586 optimized routines.
   #
   
   #
   # Optional devices:
   #
   
   # PS/2 mouse
   device          psm
   hint.psm.0.at="atkbdc"
   hint.psm.0.irq="12"
   
   # Options for psm:
   options         PSM_HOOKRESUME          #hook the system resume event, useful
                                           #for some laptops
   options         PSM_RESETAFTERSUSPEND   #reset the device at the resume event
   
   # The keyboard controller; it controls the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse.
   device          atkbdc
   hint.atkbdc.0.at="isa"
   hint.atkbdc.0.port="0x060"
   
   # The AT keyboard
   device          atkbd
   hint.atkbd.0.at="atkbdc"
   hint.atkbd.0.irq="1"
   
   # Options for atkbd:
   options         ATKBD_DFLT_KEYMAP       # specify the built-in keymap
   makeoptions     ATKBD_DFLT_KEYMAP=jp.106
   
   # `flags' for atkbd:
   #       0x01    Force detection of keyboard, else we always assume a keyboard
   #       0x02    Don't reset keyboard, useful for some newer ThinkPads
   #       0x03    Force detection and avoid reset, might help with certain
   #               dockingstations
   #       0x04    Old-style (XT) keyboard support, useful for older ThinkPads
   
   # Video card driver for VGA adapters.
   device          vga
   hint.vga.0.at="isa"
   
   # Options for vga:
   # Try the following option if the mouse pointer is not drawn correctly
   # or font does not seem to be loaded properly.  May cause flicker on
   # some systems.
   options         VGA_ALT_SEQACCESS
   
   # If you can dispense with some vga driver features, you may want to
   # use the following options to save some memory.
   #options        VGA_NO_FONT_LOADING     # don't save/load font
   #options        VGA_NO_MODE_CHANGE      # don't change video modes
   
   # Older video cards may require this option for proper operation.
   options         VGA_SLOW_IOACCESS       # do byte-wide i/o's to TS and GDC regs
   
   # The following option probably won't work with the LCD displays.
   options         VGA_WIDTH90             # support 90 column modes
   
   # Debugging.
   options         VGA_DEBUG
   
   # 3Dfx Voodoo Graphics, Voodoo II /dev/3dfx CDEV support.  This will create
   # the /dev/3dfx0 device to work with glide implementations.  This should get
   # linked to /dev/3dfx and /dev/voodoo.  Note that this is not the same as
   # the tdfx DRI module from XFree86 and is completely unrelated.
   #
   # To enable Linuxulator support, one must also include COMPAT_LINUX in the
   # config as well.  The other option is to load both as modules.
   
   device          tdfx                    # Enable 3Dfx Voodoo support
   device          tdfx_linux              # Enable Linuxulator support
   
   #
   # ACPI support using the Intel ACPI Component Architecture reference
   # implementation.
   #
   # ACPI_DEBUG enables the use of the debug.acpi.level and debug.acpi.layer
   # kernel environment variables to select initial debugging levels for the
   # Intel ACPICA code.  (Note that the Intel code must also have USE_DEBUGGER
   # defined when it is built).
   #
   # ACPI_NO_SEMAPHORES makes the AcpiOs*Semaphore routines a no-op.
   #
   # Note that building ACPI into the kernel is deprecated; the module is
   # normally loaded automatically by the loader.
   
   device          acpi
   options         ACPI_DEBUG
   #!options       ACPI_NO_SEMAPHORES
   
   # ACPI Asus Desktop Extras. (voltage, temp, fan)
   device          acpi_aiboost
   
   # ACPI Asus Extras (LCD backlight/brightness, video output, etc.)
   device          acpi_asus
   
   # ACPI Fujitsu Extras (Buttons)
   device          acpi_fujitsu
   
   # ACPI extras driver for IBM laptops
   device         acpi_ibm
   
   # ACPI Panasonic Extras (LCD backlight/brightness, video output, etc.)
   device          acpi_panasonic
   
   # ACPI Sony extra (LCD brightness)
   device          acpi_sony
   
   # ACPI Toshiba Extras (LCD backlight/brightness, video output, etc.)
   device          acpi_toshiba
   
   # ACPI Video Extensions (LCD backlight/brightness, video output, etc.)
   device          acpi_video
   
   # ACPI Docking Station
   device          acpi_dock
   
   # The cpufreq(4) driver provides support for non-ACPI CPU frequency control
   device          cpufreq
   
   # Direct Rendering modules for 3D acceleration.
   device          drm             # DRM core module required by DRM drivers
   device          i915drm         # Intel i830 through i915
   device          mach64drm       # ATI Rage Pro, Rage Mobility P/M, Rage XL
   device          mgadrm          # AGP Matrox G200, G400, G450, G550
   device          r128drm         # ATI Rage 128
   device          radeondrm       # ATI Radeon
   device          savagedrm       # S3 Savage3D, Savage4
   device          sisdrm          # SiS 300/305, 540, 630
   device          tdfxdrm         # 3dfx Voodoo 3/4/5 and Banshee
   options         DRM_DEBUG       # Include debug printfs (slow)
   
   #
   # mse: Logitech and ATI InPort bus mouse ports
   
   device          mse
   hint.mse.0.at="isa"
   hint.mse.0.port="0x23c"
   hint.mse.0.irq="5"
   
   #
   # Network interfaces:
   #
   
   # ar:   Arnet SYNC/570i hdlc sync 2/4 port V.35/X.21 serial driver
   #       (requires sppp)
   # arl:  Aironet Arlan 655 wireless adapters.
   # ath:  Atheros a/b/g WiFi adapters (requires ath_hal and wlan)
   # ce:   Cronyx Tau-PCI/32 sync single/dual port G.703/E1 serial adaptor
   #       with 32 HDLC subchannels (requires sppp (default), or NETGRAPH if
   #       NETGRAPH_CRONYX is configured)
   # cp:   Cronyx Tau-PCI sync single/dual/four port
   #       V.35/RS-232/RS-530/RS-449/X.21/G.703/E1/E3/T3/STS-1
   #       serial adaptor (requires sppp (default), or NETGRAPH if
   #       NETGRAPH_CRONYX is configured)
   # cs:   IBM Etherjet and other Crystal Semi CS89x0-based adapters
   # ctau: Cronyx Tau sync dual port V.35/RS-232/RS-530/RS-449/X.21/G.703/E1
   #       serial adaptor (requires sppp (default), or NETGRAPH if
   #       NETGRAPH_CRONYX is configured)
   # cx:   Cronyx Sigma multiport sync/async adapter (requires sppp (default),
   #       or NETGRAPH if NETGRAPH_CRONYX is configured)
   # ed:   Western Digital and SMC 80xx; Novell NE1000 and NE2000; 3Com 3C503
   #       HP PC Lan+, various PC Card devices
   #       (requires miibus)
   # ie:   AT&T StarLAN 10 and EN100; 3Com 3C507; unknown NI5210;
   #       Intel EtherExpress
   # ipw:  Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 IEEE 802.11 adapter
   # iwi:  Intel PRO/Wireless 2200BG/2225BG/2915ABG IEEE 802.11 adapters
   # nfe:  nVidia nForce MCP on-board Ethernet Networking (BSD open source)
   # nve:  nVidia nForce MCP on-board Ethernet Networking
   # oltr: Olicom ISA token-ring adapters OC-3115, OC-3117, OC-3118 and OC-3133.
   #       Olicom PCI token-ring adapters OC-3136, OC-3137, OC-3139, OC-3140,
   #       OC-3141, OC-3540 and OC-3250.
   # ral:  Ralink Technology IEEE 802.11 wireless adapter
   # sbni: Granch SBNI12-xx ISA and PCI adapters
   # sr:   RISCom/N2 hdlc sync 1/2 port V.35/X.21 serial driver (requires sppp)
   # ural: Ralink Technology RT2500USB IEEE 802.11 wireless adapter
   # wl:   Lucent Wavelan (ISA card only).
   # wpi:  Intel 3945ABG Wireless LAN controller
   
   # Order for ISA/EISA devices is important here
   
   device          ar
   hint.ar.0.at="isa"
   hint.ar.0.port="0x300"
   hint.ar.0.irq="10"
   hint.ar.0.maddr="0xd0000"
   device          arl
   hint.arl.0.at="isa"
   hint.arl.0.irq="9"
   hint.arl.0.maddr="0xd0000"
   device          ce
   device          cp
   device          cs
   hint.cs.0.at="isa"
   hint.cs.0.port="0x300"
   device          ctau
   hint.ctau.0.at="isa"
   hint.ctau.0.port="0x240"
   hint.ctau.0.irq="15"
   hint.ctau.0.drq="7"
   device          cx
   hint.cx.0.at="isa"
   hint.cx.0.port="0x240"
   hint.cx.0.irq="15"
   hint.cx.0.drq="7"
   #options        NETGRAPH_CRONYX         # Enable NETGRAPH support for Cronyx adapter(s)
   device          ed
   options         ED_3C503
   options         ED_HPP
   options         ED_SIC
   hint.ed.0.at="isa"
   hint.ed.0.port="0x280"
   hint.ed.0.irq="5"
   hint.ed.0.maddr="0xd8000"
   device          ie                      # Hints only required for Starlan
   hint.ie.2.at="isa"
   hint.ie.2.port="0x300"
   hint.ie.2.irq="5"
   hint.ie.2.maddr="0xd0000"
   device          iwi
   device          ipw
   # Hint for the i386-only ISA front-end of le(4).
   hint.le.0.at="isa"
   hint.le.0.port="0x280"
   hint.le.0.irq="10"
   hint.le.0.drq="0"
   device          nfe             # nVidia nForce MCP on-board Ethernet Networking
   device          nve             # nVidia nForce MCP on-board Ethernet Networking
   device          oltr
   hint.oltr.0.at="isa"
   device          ral
   device          sbni
   hint.sbni.0.at="isa"
   hint.sbni.0.port="0x210"
   hint.sbni.0.irq="0xefdead"
   hint.sbni.0.flags="0"
   device          sr
   hint.sr.0.at="isa"
   hint.sr.0.port="0x300"
   hint.sr.0.irq="5"
   hint.sr.0.maddr="0xd0000"
   device          ural
   device          wl
   hint.wl.0.at="isa"
   hint.wl.0.port="0x300"
   options         WLCACHE         # enables the signal-strength cache
   options         WLDEBUG         # enables verbose debugging output
   device          wpi
   
   device          ath
   device          ath_hal         # Atheros HAL (includes binary component)
   #device         ath_rate_amrr   # AMRR rate control for ath driver
   #device         ath_rate_onoe   # Onoe rate control for ath driver
   device          ath_rate_sample # SampleRate rate control for the ath driver
   #device         wlan            # 802.11 layer
   
   #
   # ATA raid adapters
   #
   device          pst
   
   #
   # Areca 11xx and 12xx series of SATA II RAID controllers.
   # CAM is required.
   #
   device          arcmsr          # Areca SATA II RAID
   
   #
   # 3ware 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID controller driver and options.
   # The driver is implemented as a SIM, and so, needs the CAM infrastructure.
   #
   options         TWA_DEBUG               # 0-10; 10 prints the most messages.
   options         TWA_FLASH_FIRMWARE      # firmware image bundled when defined.
   device          twa                     # 3ware 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID
   
   #
   # SCSI host adapters:
   #
   # ncv: NCR 53C500 based SCSI host adapters.
   # nsp: Workbit Ninja SCSI-3 based PC Card SCSI host adapters.
   # stg: TMC 18C30, 18C50 based SCSI host adapters.
   
   device          ncv
   device          nsp
   device          stg
   hint.stg.0.at="isa"
   hint.stg.0.port="0x140"
   hint.stg.0.port="11"
   
   #
   # Adaptec FSA RAID controllers, including integrated DELL controllers,
   # the Dell PERC 2/QC and the HP NetRAID-4M
   device          aac
   device          aacp    # SCSI Passthrough interface (optional, CAM required)
   
   # The 'asr' driver provides support for current DPT/Adaptec SCSI RAID
   # controllers (SmartRAID V and VI and later).
   # These controllers require the CAM infrastructure.
   #
   device          asr
   
   #
   # Highpoint RocketRAID 182x.
   device          hptmv
   
   #
   # Highpoint RocketRAID.  Supports RR172x, RR222x, RR2240, RR232x, RR2340,
   # RR2210, RR174x, RR2522, RR231x, RR230x.
   device          hptrr
   
   #
   # Highpoint RocketRaid 3xxx series SATA RAID
   device          hptiop
   
   #
   # IBM (now Adaptec) ServeRAID controllers
   device          ips
   
   #
   # SafeNet crypto driver: can be moved to the MI NOTES as soon as
   # it's tested on a big-endian machine
   #
   device          safe            # SafeNet 1141
   options         SAFE_DEBUG      # enable debugging support: hw.safe.debug
   options         SAFE_RNDTEST    # enable rndtest support
   
   #####################################################################
   
   #
   # Miscellaneous hardware:
   #
   # apm: Laptop Advanced Power Management (experimental)
   # ipmi: Intelligent Platform Management Interface
   # pmtimer: Timer device driver for power management events (APM or ACPI)
   # smapi: System Management Application Program Interface driver
   # smbios: DMI/SMBIOS entry point
   # vpd: Vital Product Data kernel interface
   # cy: Cyclades serial driver
   # digi: Digiboard driver
   # spic: Sony Programmable I/O controller (VAIO notebooks)
   
   # Notes on APM
   #  The flags takes the following meaning for apm0:
   #    0x0020  Statclock is broken.
   
   # Notes on the Specialix SI/XIO driver:
   #  The host card is memory, not IO mapped.
   #  The Rev 1 host cards use a 64K chunk, on a 32K boundary.
   #  The Rev 2 host cards use a 32K chunk, on a 32K boundary.
   #  The cards can use an IRQ of 11, 12 or 15.
   
   # Notes on the Sony Programmable I/O controller
   #  This is a temporary driver that should someday be replaced by something
   #  that hooks into the ACPI layer.  The device is hooked to the PIIX4's
   #  General Device 10 decoder, which means you have to fiddle with PCI
   #  registers to map it in, even though it is otherwise treated here as
   #  an ISA device.  At the moment, the driver polls, although the device
   #  is capable of generating interrupts.  It largely undocumented.
   #  The port location in the hint is where you WANT the device to be
   #  mapped.  0x10a0 seems to be traditional.  At the moment the jogdial
   #  is the only thing truly supported, but apparently a fair percentage
   #  of the Vaio extra features are controlled by this device.
   
   device          apm
   hint.apm.0.flags="0x20"
   device          ipmi
   device          smapi
   device          smbios
   device          vpd
   device          pmtimer                 # Adjust system timer at wakeup time
   device          cy
   options         CY_PCI_FASTINTR         # Use with cy_pci unless irq is shared
   hint.cy.0.at="isa"
   hint.cy.0.irq="10"
   hint.cy.0.maddr="0xd4000"
   hint.cy.0.msize="0x2000"
   device          digi
   hint.digi.0.at="isa"
   hint.digi.0.port="0x104"
   hint.digi.0.maddr="0xd0000"
   # BIOS & FEP/OS components of device digi.
   device          digi_CX
   device          digi_CX_PCI
   device          digi_EPCX
   device          digi_EPCX_PCI
   device          digi_Xe
   device          digi_Xem
   device          digi_Xr
   # Parallel (8255 PPI) basic I/O (mode 0) port (e.g. Advantech PCL-724)
   device          pbio
   hint.pbio.0.at="isa"
   hint.pbio.0.port="0x360"
   device          spic
   hint.spic.0.at="isa"
   hint.spic.0.port="0x10a0"
   # HOT1 Xilinx 6200 card (http://www.vcc.com/)
   device          xrpu
   
   #
   # Laptop/Notebook options:
   #
   # See also:
   #  apm under `Miscellaneous hardware'
   # above.
   
   # For older notebooks that signal a powerfail condition (external
   # power supply dropped, or battery state low) by issuing an NMI:
   
   options         POWERFAIL_NMI   # make it beep instead of panicing
   
   #
   # I2C Bus
   #
   # Philips i2c bus support is provided by the `iicbus' device.
   #
   # Supported interfaces:
   # pcf   Philips PCF8584 ISA-bus controller
   #
   device          pcf
   hint.pcf.0.at="isa"
   hint.pcf.0.port="0x320"
   hint.pcf.0.irq="5"
   
   #
   # Hardware watchdog timers:
   #
   # ichwd: Intel ICH watchdog timer
   #
   device          ichwd
   
   #
   # Temperature sensors:
   #
   # coretemp: on-die sensor on Intel Core and newer CPUs
   #
   device          coretemp
   
   #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
   # ISDN4BSD
   #
   # See /usr/share/examples/isdn/ROADMAP for an introduction to isdn4bsd.
   #
   # i4b passive ISDN cards support contains the following hardware drivers:
   #
   #       isic  - Siemens/Infineon ISDN ISAC/HSCX/IPAC chipset driver
   #       iwic  - Winbond W6692 PCI bus ISDN S/T interface controller
   #       ifpi  - AVM Fritz!Card PCI driver
   #       ifpi2  - AVM Fritz!Card PCI version 2 driver
   #       ihfc  - Cologne Chip HFC ISA/ISA-PnP chipset driver
   #       ifpnp - AVM Fritz!Card PnP driver
   #       itjc  - Siemens ISAC / TJNet Tiger300/320 chipset
   #
   # i4b active ISDN cards support contains the following hardware drivers:
   #
   #       iavc  - AVM B1 PCI, AVM B1 ISA, AVM T1
   #
   # Note that the ``options'' (if given) and ``device'' lines must BOTH
   # be uncommented to enable support for a given card !
   #
   # In addition to a hardware driver (and probably an option) the mandatory
   # ISDN protocol stack devices and the mandatory support device must be
   # enabled as well as one or more devices from the optional devices section.
   #
   #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
   #       isic driver (Siemens/Infineon chipsets)
   #
   device  isic
   #
   # ISA bus non-PnP Cards:
   # ----------------------
   #
   # Teles S0/8 or Niccy 1008
   options         TEL_S0_8
   hint.isic.0.at="isa"
   hint.isic.0.maddr="0xd0000"
   hint.isic.0.irq="5"
   hint.isic.0.flags="1"
   #
   # Teles S0/16 or Creatix ISDN-S0 or Niccy 1016
   options         TEL_S0_16
   hint.isic.0.at="isa"
   hint.isic.0.port="0xd80"
   hint.isic.0.maddr="0xd0000"
   hint.isic.0.irq="5"
   hint.isic.0.flags="2"
   #
   # Teles S0/16.3
   options         TEL_S0_16_3
   hint.isic.0.at="isa"
   hint.isic.0.port="0xd80"
   hint.isic.0.irq="5"
   hint.isic.0.flags="3"
   #
   # AVM A1 or AVM Fritz!Card
   options         AVM_A1
   hint.isic.0.at="isa"
   hint.isic.0.port="0x340"
   hint.isic.0.irq="5"
   hint.isic.0.flags="4"
   #
   # USRobotics Sportster ISDN TA intern
   options         USR_STI
   hint.isic.0.at="isa"
   hint.isic.0.port="0x268"
   hint.isic.0.irq="5"
   hint.isic.0.flags="7"
   #
   # ITK ix1 Micro ( < V.3, non-PnP version )
   options         ITKIX1
   hint.isic.0.at="isa"
   hint.isic.0.port="0x398"
   hint.isic.0.irq="10"
   hint.isic.0.flags="18"
   #
   # ELSA PCC-16
   options         ELSA_PCC16
   hint.isic.0.at="isa"
   hint.isic.0.port="0x360"
   hint.isic.0.irq="10"
   hint.isic.0.flags="20"
   #
   # ISA bus PnP Cards:
   # ------------------
   #
   # Teles S0/16.3 PnP
   options         TEL_S0_16_3_P
   #
   # Creatix ISDN-S0 P&P
   options         CRTX_S0_P
   #
   # Dr. Neuhaus Niccy Go@
   options         DRN_NGO
   #
   # Sedlbauer Win Speed
   options         SEDLBAUER
   #
   # Dynalink IS64PH
   options         DYNALINK
   #
   # ELSA QuickStep 1000pro ISA
   options         ELSA_QS1ISA
   #
   # Siemens I-Surf 2.0
   options         SIEMENS_ISURF2
   #
   # Asuscom ISDNlink 128K ISA
   options         ASUSCOM_IPAC
   #
   # Eicon Diehl DIVA 2.0 and 2.02
   options         EICON_DIVA
   #
   # Compaq Microcom 610 ISDN card (Compaq series PSB2222I)
   options         COMPAQ_M610
   #
   # PCI bus Cards:
   # --------------
   #
   # ELSA MicroLink ISDN/PCI (same as ELSA QuickStep 1000pro PCI)
   options         ELSA_QS1PCI
   #
   #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
   #       ifpnp driver for AVM Fritz!Card PnP
   #
   # AVM Fritz!Card PnP
   device          ifpnp
   #
   #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
   #       ihfc driver for Cologne Chip ISA chipsets (experimental!)
   #
   # Teles 16.3c ISA PnP
  # AcerISDN P10 ISA PnP
  # TELEINT ISDN SPEED No.1
  device          ihfc
  #
  #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #       ifpi driver for AVM Fritz!Card PCI
  #
  # AVM Fritz!Card PCI
  device          ifpi
  #
  #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #       ifpi2 driver for AVM Fritz!Card PCI version 2
  #
  # AVM Fritz!Card PCI version 2
  device          ifpi2
  #
  #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #       iwic driver for Winbond W6692 chipset
  #
  # ASUSCOM P-IN100-ST-D (and other Winbond W6692 based cards)
  device          iwic
  #
  #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #       itjc driver for Siemens ISAC / TJNet Tiger300/320 chipset
  #
  # Traverse Technologies NETjet-S
  # Teles PCI-TJ
  device          itjc
  #
  #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #       iavc driver (AVM active cards, needs i4bcapi driver!)
  #
  device          iavc
  #
  # AVM B1 ISA bus (PnP mode not supported!)
  # ----------------------------------------
  hint.iavc.0.at="isa"
  hint.iavc.0.port="0x150"
  hint.iavc.0.irq="5"
  #
  #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #       ISDN Protocol Stack - mandatory for all hardware drivers
  #
  # Q.921 / layer 2 - i4b passive cards D channel handling
  device          i4bq921
  #
  # Q.931 / layer 3 - i4b passive cards D channel handling
  device          i4bq931
  #
  # layer 4 - i4b common passive and active card handling
  device          i4b
  #
  #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #       ISDN devices - mandatory for all hardware drivers
  #
  # userland driver to do ISDN tracing (for passive cards only)
  device          i4btrc
  options         NI4BTRC=4
  #
  # userland driver to control the whole thing
  device          i4bctl
  #
  #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #       ISDN devices - optional
  #
  # userland driver for access to raw B channel
  device          i4brbch
  options         NI4BRBCH=4
  #
  # userland driver for telephony
  device          i4btel
  options         NI4BTEL=2
  #
  #XXXBZ# IPR and ISPPP are not usable until I4B is locked.
  # network driver for IP over raw HDLC ISDN
  #XXXBZ#device           i4bipr
  #XXXBZ#options  NI4BIPR=4
  # enable VJ header compression detection for ipr i/f
  #XXXBZ#options  IPR_VJ
  # enable logging of the first n IP packets to isdnd (n=32 here)
  #XXXBZ#options  IPR_LOG=32
  #
  # network driver for sync PPP over ISDN; requires an equivalent
  # number of sppp device to be configured
  #XXXBZ#device           i4bisppp
  #XXXBZ#options  NI4BISPPP=4
  #
  # B-channel interface to the netgraph subsystem
  #XXXBZ#device           i4bing
  #XXXBZ#options  NI4BING=2
  #
  # CAPI driver needed for active ISDN cards (see iavc driver above)
  device          i4bcapi
  #
  #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  #
  # System Management Bus (SMB)
  #
  options         ENABLE_ALART            # Control alarm on Intel intpm driver
  
  #
  # Set the number of PV entries per process.  Increasing this can
  # stop panics related to heavy use of shared memory.  However, that can
  # (combined with large amounts of physical memory) cause panics at
  # boot time due the kernel running out of VM space.
  #
  # If you're tweaking this, you might also want to increase the sysctls
  # "vm.v_free_min", "vm.v_free_reserved", and "vm.v_free_target".
  #
  # The value below is the one more than the default.
  #
  options         PMAP_SHPGPERPROC=201
  
  #
  # Change the size of the kernel virtual address space.  Due to
  # constraints in loader(8) on i386, this must be a multiple of 4.
  # 256 = 1 GB of kernel address space.  Increasing this also causes
  # a reduction of the address space in user processes.  512 splits
  # the 4GB cpu address space in half (2GB user, 2GB kernel).  For PAE
  # kernels, the value will need to be double non-PAE.  A value of 1024
  # for PAE kernels is necessary to split the address space in half.
  # This will likely need to be increased to handle memory sizes >4GB.
  # PAE kernels default to a value of 512.
  #
  options         KVA_PAGES=260
  
  
  #####################################################################
  # ABI Emulation
  
  # Enable iBCS2 runtime support for SCO and ISC binaries
  options         IBCS2
  
  # Emulate spx device for client side of SVR3 local X interface
  options         SPX_HACK
  
  # Enable Linux ABI emulation
  options         COMPAT_LINUX
  
  # Enable i386 a.out binary support
  options         COMPAT_AOUT
  
  # Enable the linux-like proc filesystem support (requires COMPAT_LINUX
  # and PSEUDOFS)
  options         LINPROCFS
  
  #Enable the linux-like sys filesystem support (requires COMPAT_LINUX
  # and PSEUDOFS)
  options         LINSYSFS
  
  #
  # SysVR4 ABI emulation
  #
  # The svr4 ABI emulator can be statically compiled into the kernel or loaded as
  # a KLD module.
  # The STREAMS network emulation code can also be compiled statically or as a
  # module.  If loaded as a module, it must be loaded before the svr4 module
  # (the /usr/sbin/svr4 script does this for you).  If compiling statically,
  # the `streams' device must be configured into any kernel which also
  # specifies COMPAT_SVR4.  It is possible to have a statically-configured
  # STREAMS device and a dynamically loadable svr4 emulator;  the /usr/sbin/svr4
  # script understands that it doesn't need to load the `streams' module under
  # those circumstances.
  # Caveat:  At this time, `options KTRACE' is required for the svr4 emulator
  # (whether static or dynamic).
  #
  options         COMPAT_SVR4     # build emulator statically
  options         DEBUG_SVR4      # enable verbose debugging
  device          streams         # STREAMS network driver (required for svr4).
  
  # Enable NDIS binary driver support
  options         NDISAPI
  device          ndis
  
  
  #####################################################################
  # VM OPTIONS
  
  # Disable the 4 MByte page PSE CPU feature.  The PSE feature allows the
  # kernel to use 4 MByte pages to map the kernel instead of 4k pages.
  # This saves on the amount of memory needed for page tables needed to
  # map the kernel.  You should only disable this feature as a temporary
  # workaround if you are having problems with it enabled.
  #
  #options        DISABLE_PSE
  
  # Disable the global pages PGE CPU feature.  The PGE feature allows pages
  # to be marked with the PG_G bit.  TLB entries for these pages are not
  # flushed from the cache when %cr3 is reloaded.  This can make context
  # switches less expensive.  You should only disable this feature as a
  # temporary workaround if you are having problems with it enabled.
  #
  #options        DISABLE_PG_G
  
  # KSTACK_PAGES is the number of memory pages to assign to the kernel
  # stack of each thread.
  
  options         KSTACK_PAGES=3
  
  #####################################################################
  
  # More undocumented options for linting.
  # Note that documenting these are not considered an affront.
  
  options         FB_INSTALL_CDEV         # install a CDEV entry in /dev
  
  # PECOFF module (Win32 Execution Format)
  options         PECOFF_SUPPORT
  options         PECOFF_DEBUG
  
  options         I4B_SMP_WORKAROUND
  options         I586_PMC_GUPROF=0x70000
  options         KBDIO_DEBUG=2
  options         KBD_MAXRETRY=4
  options         KBD_MAXWAIT=6
  options         KBD_RESETDELAY=201
  
  options         PSM_DEBUG=1
  
  options         TIMER_FREQ=((14318182+6)/12)
  
  options         VM_KMEM_SIZE
  options         VM_KMEM_SIZE_MAX
  options         VM_KMEM_SIZE_SCALE
  
  
  # asr old ioctls support, needed by raidutils
  
  options         ASR_COMPAT

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