FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/i386/conf/NOTES

     #
     # NOTES -- Lines that can be cut/pasted into kernel and hints configs.
     #
     # This file contains machine dependent kernel configuration notes.  For
     # machine independent notes, look in /sys/conf/NOTES.
     #
     # $FreeBSD$
     #
     
    #
    # We want LINT to cover profiling as well.
    profile         2
    
    #
    # Enable the kernel DTrace hooks which are required to load the DTrace
    # kernel modules.
    #
    options         KDTRACE_HOOKS
    
    
    #####################################################################
    # SMP OPTIONS:
    #
    # The apic device enables the use of the I/O APIC for interrupt delivery.
    # The apic device can be used in both UP and SMP kernels, but is required
    # for SMP kernels.  Thus, the apic device is not strictly an SMP option,
    # but it is a prerequisite for SMP.
    #
    # Notes:
    #
    # HTT CPUs should only be used if they are enabled in the BIOS.  For
    # the ACPI case, ACPI only correctly tells us about any HTT CPUs if
    # they are enabled.  However, most HTT systems do not list HTT CPUs
    # in the MP Table if they are enabled, thus we guess at the HTT CPUs
    # for the MP Table case.  However, we shouldn't try to guess and use
    # these CPUs if HTT is disabled.  Thus, HTT guessing is only enabled
    # for the MP Table if the user explicitly asks for it via the
    # MPTABLE_FORCE_HTT option.  Do NOT use this option if you have HTT
    # disabled in your BIOS.
    #
    # IPI_PREEMPTION instructs the kernel to preempt threads running on other
    # CPUS if needed.  Relies on the PREEMPTION option
    
    # Mandatory:
    device          apic                    # I/O apic
    
    # Optional:
    options         MPTABLE_FORCE_HTT       # Enable HTT CPUs with the MP Table
    options         IPI_PREEMPTION
    
    #
    # Watchdog routines.
    #
    options         MP_WATCHDOG
    
    # Debugging options.
    #
    options         COUNT_XINVLTLB_HITS     # Counters for TLB events
    options         COUNT_IPIS              # Per-CPU IPI interrupt counters
    
    
    
    #####################################################################
    # CPU OPTIONS
    
    #
    # You must specify at least one CPU (the one you intend to run on);
    # deleting the specification for CPUs you don't need to use may make
    # parts of the system run faster.
    #
    cpu             I486_CPU
    cpu             I586_CPU                # aka Pentium(tm)
    cpu             I686_CPU                # aka Pentium Pro(tm)
    
    #
    # Options for CPU features.
    #
    # CPU_ATHLON_SSE_HACK tries to enable SSE instructions when the BIOS has
    # forgotten to enable them.
    #
    # CPU_BLUELIGHTNING_3X enables triple-clock mode on IBM Blue Lightning
    # CPU if CPU supports it.  The default is double-clock mode on
    # BlueLightning CPU box.
    #
    # CPU_BLUELIGHTNING_FPU_OP_CACHE enables FPU operand cache on IBM
    # BlueLightning CPU.  It works only with Cyrix FPU, and this option
    # should not be used with Intel FPU.
    #
    # CPU_BTB_EN enables branch target buffer on Cyrix 5x86 (NOTE 1).
    #
    # CPU_CYRIX_NO_LOCK enables weak locking for the entire address space
    # of Cyrix 6x86 and 6x86MX CPUs by setting the NO_LOCK bit of CCR1.
    # Otherwise, the NO_LOCK bit of CCR1 is cleared.  (NOTE 3)
    #
    # CPU_DIRECT_MAPPED_CACHE sets L1 cache of Cyrix 486DLC CPU in direct
    # mapped mode.  Default is 2-way set associative mode.
    #
    # CPU_DISABLE_5X86_LSSER disables load store serialize (i.e., enables
    # reorder).  This option should not be used if you use memory mapped
   # I/O device(s).
   #
   # CPU_DISABLE_CMPXCHG disables the CMPXCHG instruction on > i386 IA32
   # machines.  VmWare 3.x seems to emulate this instruction poorly, causing
   # the guest OS to run very slowly.  This problem appears to be fixed in
   # VmWare 4.x, at least in version 4.5.2, so that enabling this option with
   # VmWare 4.x will result in locking operations to be 20-30 times slower.
   # Enabling this with an SMP kernel will cause the kernel to be unusable.
   #
   # CPU_DISABLE_SSE explicitly prevents I686_CPU from turning on SSE.
   #
   # CPU_ELAN enables support for AMDs ElanSC520 CPU.
   #    CPU_ELAN_PPS enables precision timestamp code.
   #    CPU_ELAN_XTAL sets the clock crystal frequency in Hz.
   #
   # CPU_ENABLE_LONGRUN enables support for Transmeta Crusoe LongRun
   # technology which allows to restrict power consumption of the CPU by
   # using group of hw.crusoe.* sysctls.
   #
   # CPU_FASTER_5X86_FPU enables faster FPU exception handler.
   #
   # CPU_GEODE is for the SC1100 Geode embedded processor.  This option
   # is necessary because the i8254 timecounter is toast.
   #
   # CPU_I486_ON_386 enables CPU cache on i486 based CPU upgrade products
   # for i386 machines.
   #
   # CPU_IORT defines I/O clock delay time (NOTE 1).  Default values of
   # I/O clock delay time on Cyrix 5x86 and 6x86 are 0 and 7,respectively
   # (no clock delay).
   #
   # CPU_L2_LATENCY specifies the L2 cache latency value.  This option is used
   # only when CPU_PPRO2CELERON is defined and Mendocino Celeron is detected.
   # The default value is 5.
   #
   # CPU_LOOP_EN prevents flushing the prefetch buffer if the destination
   # of a jump is already present in the prefetch buffer on Cyrix 5x86(NOTE
   # 1).
   #
   # CPU_PPRO2CELERON enables L2 cache of Mendocino Celeron CPUs.  This option
   # is useful when you use Socket 8 to Socket 370 converter, because most Pentium
   # Pro BIOSs do not enable L2 cache of Mendocino Celeron CPUs.
   #
   # CPU_RSTK_EN enables return stack on Cyrix 5x86 (NOTE 1).
   #
   # CPU_SOEKRIS enables support www.soekris.com hardware.
   #
   # CPU_SUSP_HLT enables suspend on HALT.  If this option is set, CPU
   # enters suspend mode following execution of HALT instruction.
   #
   # CPU_UPGRADE_HW_CACHE eliminates unneeded cache flush instruction(s).
   #
   # CPU_WT_ALLOC enables write allocation on Cyrix 6x86/6x86MX and AMD
   # K5/K6/K6-2 CPUs.
   #
   # CYRIX_CACHE_WORKS enables CPU cache on Cyrix 486 CPUs with cache
   # flush at hold state.
   #
   # CYRIX_CACHE_REALLY_WORKS enables (1) CPU cache on Cyrix 486 CPUs
   # without cache flush at hold state, and (2) write-back CPU cache on
   # Cyrix 6x86 whose revision < 2.7 (NOTE 2).
   #
   # NO_F00F_HACK disables the hack that prevents Pentiums (and ONLY
   # Pentiums) from locking up when a LOCK CMPXCHG8B instruction is
   # executed.  This option is only needed if I586_CPU is also defined,
   # and should be included for any non-Pentium CPU that defines it.
   #
   # NO_MEMORY_HOLE is an optimisation for systems with AMD K6 processors
   # which indicates that the 15-16MB range is *definitely* not being
   # occupied by an ISA memory hole.
   #
   # NOTE 1: The options, CPU_BTB_EN, CPU_LOOP_EN, CPU_IORT,
   # CPU_LOOP_EN and CPU_RSTK_EN should not be used because of CPU bugs.
   # These options may crash your system.
   #
   # NOTE 2: If CYRIX_CACHE_REALLY_WORKS is not set, CPU cache is enabled
   # in write-through mode when revision < 2.7.  If revision of Cyrix
   # 6x86 >= 2.7, CPU cache is always enabled in write-back mode.
   #
   # NOTE 3: This option may cause failures for software that requires
   # locked cycles in order to operate correctly.
   #
   options         CPU_ATHLON_SSE_HACK
   options         CPU_BLUELIGHTNING_3X
   options         CPU_BLUELIGHTNING_FPU_OP_CACHE
   options         CPU_BTB_EN
   options         CPU_DIRECT_MAPPED_CACHE
   options         CPU_DISABLE_5X86_LSSER
   options         CPU_DISABLE_CMPXCHG
   #options        CPU_DISABLE_SSE
   options         CPU_ELAN
   options         CPU_ELAN_PPS
   options         CPU_ELAN_XTAL=32768000
   options         CPU_ENABLE_LONGRUN
   options         CPU_FASTER_5X86_FPU
   options         CPU_GEODE
   options         CPU_I486_ON_386
   options         CPU_IORT
   options         CPU_L2_LATENCY=5
   options         CPU_LOOP_EN
   options         CPU_PPRO2CELERON
   options         CPU_RSTK_EN
   options         CPU_SOEKRIS
   options         CPU_SUSP_HLT
   options         CPU_UPGRADE_HW_CACHE
   options         CPU_WT_ALLOC
   options         CYRIX_CACHE_WORKS
   options         CYRIX_CACHE_REALLY_WORKS
   #options        NO_F00F_HACK
   
   # Debug options
   options         NPX_DEBUG       # enable npx debugging
   
   #
   # PERFMON causes the driver for Pentium/Pentium Pro performance counters
   # to be compiled.  See perfmon(4) for more information.
   #
   options         PERFMON
   
   #
   # XBOX causes the kernel to be bootable on the Microsoft XBox console system.
   # The resulting kernel will auto-detect whether it is being booted on a XBox,
   # so kernels compiled with this option will also work on an ordinary PC.
   # This option require I686_CPU.
   #
   # xboxfb includes support for the XBox frame buffer device. It is fully USB-
   # keyboard aware, and will only be used if an xbox is detected. This option
   # (obviously) requires XBOX support in your kernel.
   #
   # NOTE: xboxfb currently conflicts with syscons(4); if you have an XBOX and
   # include both in your kernel; you will not get any video output. Ordinary
   # PC's do not suffer from this.
   #
   options         XBOX
   device          xboxfb
   
   
   #####################################################################
   # NETWORKING OPTIONS
   
   #
   # DEVICE_POLLING adds support for mixed interrupt-polling handling
   # of network device drivers, which has significant benefits in terms
   # of robustness to overloads and responsivity, as well as permitting
   # accurate scheduling of the CPU time between kernel network processing
   # and other activities.  The drawback is a moderate (up to 1/HZ seconds)
   # potential increase in response times.
   # It is strongly recommended to use HZ=1000 or 2000 with DEVICE_POLLING
   # to achieve smoother behaviour.
   # Additionally, you can enable/disable polling at runtime with help of
   # the ifconfig(8) utility, and select the CPU fraction reserved to
   # userland with the sysctl variable kern.polling.user_frac
   # (default 50, range 0..100).
   #
   # Not all device drivers support this mode of operation at the time of
   # this writing.  See polling(4) for more details.
   
   options         DEVICE_POLLING
   
   # BPF_JITTER adds support for BPF just-in-time compiler.
   
   options         BPF_JITTER
   
   # OpenFabrics Enterprise Distribution (Infiniband).
   options         OFED
   options         OFED_DEBUG_INIT
   
   # Sockets Direct Protocol
   options         SDP
   options         SDP_DEBUG
   
   # IP over Infiniband
   options         IPOIB
   options         IPOIB_DEBUG
   options         IPOIB_CM
   
   
   #####################################################################
   # CLOCK OPTIONS
   
   # Provide read/write access to the memory in the clock chip.
   device          nvram           # Access to rtc cmos via /dev/nvram
   
   
   #####################################################################
   # MISCELLANEOUS DEVICES AND OPTIONS
   
   device          speaker         #Play IBM BASIC-style noises out your speaker
   hint.speaker.0.at="isa"
   hint.speaker.0.port="0x61"
   device          gzip            #Exec gzipped a.out's.  REQUIRES COMPAT_AOUT!
   device          apm_saver       # Requires APM
   
   
   #####################################################################
   # HARDWARE BUS CONFIGURATION
   
   #
   # ISA bus
   #
   device          isa             # Required by npx(4)
   
   #
   # Options for `isa':
   #
   # AUTO_EOI_1 enables the `automatic EOI' feature for the master 8259A
   # interrupt controller.  This saves about 0.7-1.25 usec for each interrupt.
   # This option breaks suspend/resume on some portables.
   #
   # AUTO_EOI_2 enables the `automatic EOI' feature for the slave 8259A
   # interrupt controller.  This saves about 0.7-1.25 usec for each interrupt.
   # Automatic EOI is documented not to work for for the slave with the
   # original i8259A, but it works for some clones and some integrated
   # versions.
   #
   # MAXMEM specifies the amount of RAM on the machine; if this is not
   # specified, FreeBSD will first read the amount of memory from the CMOS
   # RAM, so the amount of memory will initially be limited to 64MB or 16MB
   # depending on the BIOS.  If the BIOS reports 64MB, a memory probe will
   # then attempt to detect the installed amount of RAM.  If this probe
   # fails to detect >64MB RAM you will have to use the MAXMEM option.
   # The amount is in kilobytes, so for a machine with 128MB of RAM, it would
   # be 131072 (128 * 1024).
   #
   # BROKEN_KEYBOARD_RESET disables the use of the keyboard controller to
   # reset the CPU for reboot.  This is needed on some systems with broken
   # keyboard controllers.
   
   options         AUTO_EOI_1
   #options        AUTO_EOI_2
   
   options         MAXMEM=(128*1024)
   #options        BROKEN_KEYBOARD_RESET
   
   #
   # EISA bus
   #
   # The EISA bus device is `eisa'.  It provides auto-detection and
   # configuration support for all devices on the EISA bus.
   
   device          eisa
   
   # By default, only 10 EISA slots are probed, since the slot numbers
   # above clash with the configuration address space of the PCI subsystem,
   # and the EISA probe is not very smart about this.  This is sufficient
   # for most machines, but in particular the HP NetServer LC series comes
   # with an onboard AIC7770 dual-channel SCSI controller on EISA slot #11,
   # thus you need to bump this figure to 12 for them.
   options         EISA_SLOTS=12
   
   #
   # MCA bus:
   #
   # The MCA bus device is `mca'.  It provides auto-detection and
   # configuration support for all devices on the MCA bus.
   # No hints are required for MCA.
   
   device          mca
   
   #
   # PCI bus & PCI options:
   #
   device          pci
   
   #
   # AGP GART support
   device          agp
   
   # AGP debugging.
   options         AGP_DEBUG
   
   
   #####################################################################
   # HARDWARE DEVICE CONFIGURATION
   
   # To include support for VGA VESA video modes
   options         VESA
   
   # Turn on extra debugging checks and output for VESA support.
   options         VESA_DEBUG
   
   device          dpms            # DPMS suspend & resume via VESA BIOS
   
   # x86 real mode BIOS emulator, required by atkbdc/dpms/vesa
   options         X86BIOS
   
   #
   # The Numeric Processing eXtension driver.  This is non-optional.
   device          npx
   hint.npx.0.flags="0x0"
   hint.npx.0.irq="13"
   
   #
   # `flags' for npx0:
   #       0x01    don't use the npx registers to optimize bcopy.
   #       0x02    don't use the npx registers to optimize bzero.
   #       0x04    don't use the npx registers to optimize copyin or copyout.
   # The npx registers are normally used to optimize copying and zeroing when
   # all of the following conditions are satisfied:
   #       I586_CPU is an option
   #       the cpu is an i586 (perhaps not a Pentium)
   #       the probe for npx0 succeeds
   #       INT 16 exception handling works.
   # Then copying and zeroing using the npx registers is normally 30-100% faster.
   # The flags can be used to control cases where it doesn't work or is slower.
   # Setting them at boot time using hints works right (the optimizations
   # are not used until later in the bootstrap when npx0 is attached).
   # Flag 0x08 automatically disables the i586 optimized routines.
   #
   
   #
   # Optional devices:
   #
   
   # PS/2 mouse
   device          psm
   hint.psm.0.at="atkbdc"
   hint.psm.0.irq="12"
   
   # Options for psm:
   options         PSM_HOOKRESUME          #hook the system resume event, useful
                                           #for some laptops
   options         PSM_RESETAFTERSUSPEND   #reset the device at the resume event
   
   # The keyboard controller; it controls the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse.
   device          atkbdc
   hint.atkbdc.0.at="isa"
   hint.atkbdc.0.port="0x060"
   
   # The AT keyboard
   device          atkbd
   hint.atkbd.0.at="atkbdc"
   hint.atkbd.0.irq="1"
   
   # Options for atkbd:
   options         ATKBD_DFLT_KEYMAP       # specify the built-in keymap
   makeoptions     ATKBD_DFLT_KEYMAP=jp.106
   
   # `flags' for atkbd:
   #       0x01    Force detection of keyboard, else we always assume a keyboard
   #       0x02    Don't reset keyboard, useful for some newer ThinkPads
   #       0x03    Force detection and avoid reset, might help with certain
   #               dockingstations
   #       0x04    Old-style (XT) keyboard support, useful for older ThinkPads
   
   # Video card driver for VGA adapters.
   device          vga
   hint.vga.0.at="isa"
   
   # Options for vga:
   # Try the following option if the mouse pointer is not drawn correctly
   # or font does not seem to be loaded properly.  May cause flicker on
   # some systems.
   options         VGA_ALT_SEQACCESS
   
   # If you can dispense with some vga driver features, you may want to
   # use the following options to save some memory.
   #options        VGA_NO_FONT_LOADING     # don't save/load font
   #options        VGA_NO_MODE_CHANGE      # don't change video modes
   
   # Older video cards may require this option for proper operation.
   options         VGA_SLOW_IOACCESS       # do byte-wide i/o's to TS and GDC regs
   
   # The following option probably won't work with the LCD displays.
   options         VGA_WIDTH90             # support 90 column modes
   
   # Debugging.
   options         VGA_DEBUG
   
   # Linear framebuffer driver for S3 VESA 1.2 cards. Works on top of VESA.
   device          s3pci
   
   # 3Dfx Voodoo Graphics, Voodoo II /dev/3dfx CDEV support.  This will create
   # the /dev/3dfx0 device to work with glide implementations.  This should get
   # linked to /dev/3dfx and /dev/voodoo.  Note that this is not the same as
   # the tdfx DRI module from XFree86 and is completely unrelated.
   #
   # To enable Linuxulator support, one must also include COMPAT_LINUX in the
   # config as well.  The other option is to load both as modules.
   
   device          tdfx                    # Enable 3Dfx Voodoo support
   device          tdfx_linux              # Enable Linuxulator support
   
   #
   # ACPI support using the Intel ACPI Component Architecture reference
   # implementation.
   #
   # ACPI_DEBUG enables the use of the debug.acpi.level and debug.acpi.layer
   # kernel environment variables to select initial debugging levels for the
   # Intel ACPICA code.  (Note that the Intel code must also have USE_DEBUGGER
   # defined when it is built).
   
   device          acpi
   options         ACPI_DEBUG
   
   # ACPI WMI Mapping driver
   device          acpi_wmi
   
   # ACPI Asus Extras (LCD backlight/brightness, video output, etc.)
   device          acpi_asus
   
   # ACPI Fujitsu Extras (Buttons)
   device          acpi_fujitsu
   
   # ACPI extras driver for HP laptops
   device          acpi_hp
   
   # ACPI extras driver for IBM laptops
   device          acpi_ibm
   
   # ACPI Panasonic Extras (LCD backlight/brightness, video output, etc.)
   device          acpi_panasonic
   
   # ACPI Sony extra (LCD brightness)
   device          acpi_sony
   
   # ACPI Toshiba Extras (LCD backlight/brightness, video output, etc.)
   device          acpi_toshiba
   
   # ACPI Video Extensions (LCD backlight/brightness, video output, etc.)
   device          acpi_video
   
   # ACPI Docking Station
   device          acpi_dock
   
   # ACPI ASOC ATK0110 ASUSTeK AI Booster (voltage, temperature and fan sensors)
   device          aibs
   
   # The cpufreq(4) driver provides support for non-ACPI CPU frequency control
   device          cpufreq
   
   # Direct Rendering modules for 3D acceleration.
   device          drm             # DRM core module required by DRM drivers
   device          i915drm         # Intel i830 through i915
   device          mach64drm       # ATI Rage Pro, Rage Mobility P/M, Rage XL
   device          mgadrm          # AGP Matrox G200, G400, G450, G550
   device          r128drm         # ATI Rage 128
   device          radeondrm       # ATI Radeon
   device          savagedrm       # S3 Savage3D, Savage4
   device          sisdrm          # SiS 300/305, 540, 630
   device          tdfxdrm         # 3dfx Voodoo 3/4/5 and Banshee
   device          viadrm          # VIA
   options         DRM_DEBUG       # Include debug printfs (slow)
   
   #
   # mse: Logitech and ATI InPort bus mouse ports
   
   device          mse
   hint.mse.0.at="isa"
   hint.mse.0.port="0x23c"
   hint.mse.0.irq="5"
   
   #
   # Network interfaces:
   #
   
   # bxe:  Broadcom NetXtreme II (BCM5771X/BCM578XX) PCIe 10Gb Ethernet
   #       adapters.
   # ce:   Cronyx Tau-PCI/32 sync single/dual port G.703/E1 serial adaptor
   #       with 32 HDLC subchannels (requires sppp (default), or NETGRAPH if
   #       NETGRAPH_CRONYX is configured)
   # cp:   Cronyx Tau-PCI sync single/dual/four port
   #       V.35/RS-232/RS-530/RS-449/X.21/G.703/E1/E3/T3/STS-1
   #       serial adaptor (requires sppp (default), or NETGRAPH if
   #       NETGRAPH_CRONYX is configured)
   # cs:   IBM Etherjet and other Crystal Semi CS89x0-based adapters
   # ctau: Cronyx Tau sync dual port V.35/RS-232/RS-530/RS-449/X.21/G.703/E1
   #       serial adaptor (requires sppp (default), or NETGRAPH if
   #       NETGRAPH_CRONYX is configured)
   # ed:   Western Digital and SMC 80xx; Novell NE1000 and NE2000; 3Com 3C503
   #       HP PC Lan+, various PC Card devices
   #       (requires miibus)
   # ie:   AT&T StarLAN 10 and EN100; 3Com 3C507; unknown NI5210;
   #       Intel EtherExpress
   # ipw:  Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 IEEE 802.11 adapter
   # iwi:  Intel PRO/Wireless 2200BG/2225BG/2915ABG IEEE 802.11 adapters
   #       Requires the iwi firmware module
   # iwn:  Intel Wireless WiFi Link 4965AGN 802.11 network adapters
   #       Requires the iwn firmware module
   # mlx4ib: Mellanox ConnectX HCA InfiniBand
   # mlxen: Mellanox ConnectX HCA Ethernet
   # mthca: Mellanox HCA InfiniBand
   # mwl:  Marvell 88W8363 IEEE 802.11 adapter
   #       Requires the mwl firmware module
   # nfe:  nVidia nForce MCP on-board Ethernet Networking (BSD open source)
   # nve:  nVidia nForce MCP on-board Ethernet Networking
   # sbni: Granch SBNI12-xx ISA and PCI adapters
   # wl:   Lucent Wavelan (ISA card only).
   # wpi:  Intel 3945ABG Wireless LAN controller
   #       Requires the wpi firmware module
   
   # Order for ISA/EISA devices is important here
   
   device          bxe             # Broadcom NetXtreme II BCM5771X/BCM578XX 10GbE
   device          ce
   device          cp
   device          cs              # Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 NIC
   hint.cs.0.at="isa"
   hint.cs.0.port="0x300"
   device          ctau
   hint.ctau.0.at="isa"
   hint.ctau.0.port="0x240"
   hint.ctau.0.irq="15"
   hint.ctau.0.drq="7"
   #options        NETGRAPH_CRONYX         # Enable NETGRAPH support for Cronyx adapter(s)
   device          ed              # NE[12]000, SMC Ultra, 3c503, DS8390 cards
   options         ED_3C503
   options         ED_HPP
   options         ED_SIC
   hint.ed.0.at="isa"
   hint.ed.0.port="0x280"
   hint.ed.0.irq="5"
   hint.ed.0.maddr="0xd8000"
   device          ie              # EtherExpress 8/16, 3C507, StarLAN 10 etc.
   # Hints only required for Starlan
   hint.ie.2.at="isa"
   hint.ie.2.port="0x300"
   hint.ie.2.irq="5"
   hint.ie.2.maddr="0xd0000"
   device          ipw             # Intel 2100 wireless NICs.
   device          iwi             # Intel 2200BG/2225BG/2915ABG wireless NICs.
   device          iwn             # Intel 4965/1000/5000/6000 wireless NICs.
   # Hint for the i386-only ISA front-end of le(4).
   hint.le.0.at="isa"
   hint.le.0.port="0x280"
   hint.le.0.irq="10"
   hint.le.0.drq="0"
   device          mlx4ib          # Mellanox ConnectX HCA InfiniBand
   device          mlxen           # Mellanox ConnectX HCA Ethernet
   device          mthca           # Mellanox HCA InfiniBand
   device          mwl             # Marvell 88W8363 802.11n wireless NICs.
   device          nfe             # nVidia nForce MCP on-board Ethernet
   device          nve             # nVidia nForce MCP on-board Ethernet Networking
   device          sbni
   hint.sbni.0.at="isa"
   hint.sbni.0.port="0x210"
   hint.sbni.0.irq="0xefdead"
   hint.sbni.0.flags="0"
   device          wl
   hint.wl.0.at="isa"
   hint.wl.0.port="0x300"
   options         WLCACHE         # enables the signal-strength cache
   options         WLDEBUG         # enables verbose debugging output
   device          wpi             # Intel 3945ABG wireless NICs.
   
   # IEEE 802.11 adapter firmware modules
   
   # Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 firmware:
   #   ipwfw:              BSS/IBSS/monitor mode firmware
   #   ipwbssfw:           BSS mode firmware
   #   ipwibssfw:          IBSS mode firmware
   #   ipwmonitorfw:       Monitor mode firmware
   # Intel PRO/Wireless 2200BG/2225BG/2915ABG firmware:
   #   iwifw:              BSS/IBSS/monitor mode firmware
   #   iwibssfw:           BSS mode firmware
   #   iwiibssfw:          IBSS mode firmware
   #   iwimonitorfw:       Monitor mode firmware
   # Intel Wireless WiFi Link 4965/1000/5000/6000 series firmware:
   #   iwnfw:              Single module to support the 4965/1000/5000/5150/6000
   #   iwn4965fw:          Specific module for the 4965 only
   #   iwn1000fw:          Specific module for the 1000 only
   #   iwn5000fw:          Specific module for the 5000 only
   #   iwn5150fw:          Specific module for the 5150 only
   #   iwn6000fw:          Specific module for the 6000 only
   #   iwn6050fw:          Specific module for the 6050 only
   # mwlfw:        Marvell 88W8363 firmware
   # wpifw:        Intel 3945ABG Wireless LAN Controller firmware
   
   device          iwifw
   device          iwibssfw
   device          iwiibssfw
   device          iwimonitorfw
   device          ipwfw
   device          ipwbssfw
   device          ipwibssfw
   device          ipwmonitorfw
   device          iwnfw
   device          iwn4965fw
   device          iwn1000fw
   device          iwn5000fw
   device          iwn5150fw
   device          iwn6000fw
   device          iwn6050fw
   device          mwlfw
   device          wpifw
   
   #
   # ATA raid adapters
   #
   device          pst
   
   #
   # Areca 11xx and 12xx series of SATA II RAID controllers.
   # CAM is required.
   #
   device          arcmsr          # Areca SATA II RAID
   
   #
   # 3ware 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID controller driver and options.
   # The driver is implemented as a SIM, and so, needs the CAM infrastructure.
   #
   options         TWA_DEBUG               # 0-10; 10 prints the most messages.
   options         TWA_FLASH_FIRMWARE      # firmware image bundled when defined.
   device          twa                     # 3ware 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID
   
   #
   # SCSI host adapters:
   #
   # ncv: NCR 53C500 based SCSI host adapters.
   # nsp: Workbit Ninja SCSI-3 based PC Card SCSI host adapters.
   # stg: TMC 18C30, 18C50 based SCSI host adapters.
   
   device          ncv
   device          nsp
   device          stg
   hint.stg.0.at="isa"
   hint.stg.0.port="0x140"
   hint.stg.0.port="11"
   
   #
   # Adaptec FSA RAID controllers, including integrated DELL controllers,
   # the Dell PERC 2/QC and the HP NetRAID-4M
   device          aac
   device          aacp    # SCSI Passthrough interface (optional, CAM required)
   
   #
   # Adaptec by PMC RAID controllers, Series 6/7/8 and upcoming families
   device          aacraid         # Container interface, CAM required
   
   # The 'asr' driver provides support for current DPT/Adaptec SCSI RAID
   # controllers (SmartRAID V and VI and later).
   # These controllers require the CAM infrastructure.
   #
   device          asr
   
   #
   # Highpoint RocketRAID 27xx.
   device          hpt27xx
   
   #
   # Highpoint RocketRAID 182x.
   device          hptmv
   
   #
   # Highpoint DC7280 and R750.
   device          hptnr
   
   #
   # Highpoint RocketRAID.  Supports RR172x, RR222x, RR2240, RR232x, RR2340,
   # RR2210, RR174x, RR2522, RR231x, RR230x.
   device          hptrr
   
   #
   # Highpoint RocketRaid 3xxx series SATA RAID
   device          hptiop
   
   #
   # IBM (now Adaptec) ServeRAID controllers
   device          ips
   
   #
   # Intel C600 (Patsburg) integrated SAS controller
   device          isci
   options         ISCI_LOGGING    # enable debugging in isci HAL
   
   #
   # NVM Express (NVMe) support
   device         nvme    # base NVMe driver
   device         nvd     # expose NVMe namespaces as disks, depends on nvme
   
   #
   # SafeNet crypto driver: can be moved to the MI NOTES as soon as
   # it's tested on a big-endian machine
   #
   device          safe            # SafeNet 1141
   options         SAFE_DEBUG      # enable debugging support: hw.safe.debug
   options         SAFE_RNDTEST    # enable rndtest support
   
   #
   # glxiic is an I2C driver for the AMD Geode LX CS5536 System Management Bus
   # controller.  Requires 'device iicbus'.
   #
   device          glxiic          # AMD Geode LX CS5536 System Management Bus
   
   #
   # glxsb is a driver for the Security Block in AMD Geode LX processors.
   # Requires 'device crypto'.
   #
   device          glxsb           # AMD Geode LX Security Block
   
   #
   # VirtIO support
   #
   # The virtio entry provides a generic bus for use by the device drivers.
   # It must be combined with an interface that communicates with the host.
   # Multiple such interfaces defined by the VirtIO specification. FreeBSD
   # only has support for PCI. Therefore, virtio_pci must be statically
   # compiled in or loaded as a module for the device drivers to function.
   #
   device          virtio          # Generic VirtIO bus (required)
   device          virtio_pci      # VirtIO PCI Interface
   device          vtnet           # VirtIO Ethernet device
   device          virtio_blk      # VirtIO Block device
   device          virtio_scsi     # VirtIO SCSI device
   device          virtio_balloon  # VirtIO Memory Balloon device
   
   #####################################################################
   
   #
   # Miscellaneous hardware:
   #
   # apm: Laptop Advanced Power Management (experimental)
   # ipmi: Intelligent Platform Management Interface
   # smapi: System Management Application Program Interface driver
   # smbios: DMI/SMBIOS entry point
   # vpd: Vital Product Data kernel interface
   # pmtimer: Adjust system timer at wakeup time
   # pbio: Parallel (8255 PPI) basic I/O (mode 0) port (e.g. Advantech PCL-724)
   # spic: Sony Programmable I/O controller (VAIO notebooks)
   # asmc: Apple System Management Controller
   # si: Specialix International SI/XIO or SX intelligent serial card driver
   # tpm: Trusted Platform Module
   
   # Notes on APM
   #  The flags takes the following meaning for apm0:
   #    0x0020  Statclock is broken.
   
   # Notes on the Specialix SI/XIO driver:
   #  The host card is memory, not IO mapped.
   #  The Rev 1 host cards use a 64K chunk, on a 32K boundary.
   #  The Rev 2 host cards use a 32K chunk, on a 32K boundary.
   #  The cards can use an IRQ of 11, 12 or 15.
   
   # Notes on the Sony Programmable I/O controller
   #  This is a temporary driver that should someday be replaced by something
   #  that hooks into the ACPI layer.  The device is hooked to the PIIX4's
   #  General Device 10 decoder, which means you have to fiddle with PCI
   #  registers to map it in, even though it is otherwise treated here as
   #  an ISA device.  At the moment, the driver polls, although the device
   #  is capable of generating interrupts.  It largely undocumented.
   #  The port location in the hint is where you WANT the device to be
   #  mapped.  0x10a0 seems to be traditional.  At the moment the jogdial
   #  is the only thing truly supported, but apparently a fair percentage
   #  of the Vaio extra features are controlled by this device.
   
   device          apm
   hint.apm.0.flags="0x20"
   device          ipmi
   device          smapi
   device          smbios
   device          vpd
   device          pmtimer
   device          pbio
   hint.pbio.0.at="isa"
   hint.pbio.0.port="0x360"
   device          spic
   hint.spic.0.at="isa"
   hint.spic.0.port="0x10a0"
   device          asmc
   #device         si
   device          tpm
   
   #
   # Laptop/Notebook options:
   #
   # See also:
   #  apm under `Miscellaneous hardware'
   # above.
   
   # For older notebooks that signal a powerfail condition (external
   # power supply dropped, or battery state low) by issuing an NMI:
   
   options         POWERFAIL_NMI   # make it beep instead of panicing
   
   #
   # I2C Bus
   #
   # Philips i2c bus support is provided by the `iicbus' device.
   #
   # Supported interfaces:
   # pcf   Philips PCF8584 ISA-bus controller
   #
   device          pcf
   hint.pcf.0.at="isa"
   hint.pcf.0.port="0x320"
   hint.pcf.0.irq="5"
   
   #
   # Hardware watchdog timers:
   #
   # ichwd: Intel ICH watchdog timer
   # amdsbwd: AMD SB7xx watchdog timer
   # wbwd: Winbond watchdog timer
   #
   device          ichwd
   device          amdsbwd
   device          viawd
   device          wbwd
   
   #
   # Temperature sensors:
   #
   # coretemp: on-die sensor on Intel Core and newer CPUs
   # amdtemp: on-die sensor on AMD K8/K10/K11 CPUs
   #
   device          coretemp
   device          amdtemp
   
   #
   # CPU control pseudo-device. Provides access to MSRs, CPUID info and
   # microcode update feature.
   #
   device          cpuctl
   
   #
   # System Management Bus (SMB)
   #
   options         ENABLE_ALART            # Control alarm on Intel intpm driver
   
   #
   # Set the number of PV entries per process.  Increasing this can
   # stop panics related to heavy use of shared memory.  However, that can
   # (combined with large amounts of physical memory) cause panics at
   # boot time due the kernel running out of VM space.
   #
   # If you're tweaking this, you might also want to increase the sysctls
   # "vm.v_free_min", "vm.v_free_reserved", and "vm.v_free_target".
   #
   # The value below is the one more than the default.
   #
   options         PMAP_SHPGPERPROC=201
   
   #
   # Change the size of the kernel virtual address space.  Due to
   # constraints in loader(8) on i386, this must be a multiple of 4.
   # 256 = 1 GB of kernel address space.  Increasing this also causes
   # a reduction of the address space in user processes.  512 splits
   # the 4GB cpu address space in half (2GB user, 2GB kernel).  For PAE
   # kernels, the value will need to be double non-PAE.  A value of 1024
   # for PAE kernels is necessary to split the address space in half.
   # This will likely need to be increased to handle memory sizes >4GB.
   # PAE kernels default to a value of 512.
   #
   options         KVA_PAGES=260
   
   #
   # Number of initial kernel page table pages used for early bootstrap.
   # This number should include enough pages to map the kernel, any
   # modules or other data loaded with the kernel by the loader, and data
   # structures allocated before the VM system is initialized such as the
   # vm_page_t array.  Each page table page maps 4MB (2MB with PAE).
   #
   options         NKPT=31
   
   
   #####################################################################
   # ABI Emulation
   
   # Enable iBCS2 runtime support for SCO and ISC binaries
   options         IBCS2
   
   # Emulate spx device for client side of SVR3 local X interface
   options         SPX_HACK
   
   # Enable Linux ABI emulation
   options         COMPAT_LINUX
   
   # Enable i386 a.out binary support
   options         COMPAT_AOUT
   
   # Enable the linux-like proc filesystem support (requires COMPAT_LINUX
   # and PSEUDOFS)
   options         LINPROCFS
   
   #Enable the linux-like sys filesystem support (requires COMPAT_LINUX
   # and PSEUDOFS)
   options         LINSYSFS
   
   #
   # SysVR4 ABI emulation
   #
   # The svr4 ABI emulator can be statically compiled into the kernel or loaded as
   # a KLD module.
   # The STREAMS network emulation code can also be compiled statically or as a
   # module.  If loaded as a module, it must be loaded before the svr4 module
   # (the /usr/sbin/svr4 script does this for you).  If compiling statically,
   # the `streams' device must be configured into any kernel which also
   # specifies COMPAT_SVR4.  It is possible to have a statically-configured
   # STREAMS device and a dynamically loadable svr4 emulator;  the /usr/sbin/svr4
   # script understands that it doesn't need to load the `streams' module under
   # those circumstances.
   # Caveat:  At this time, `options KTRACE' is required for the svr4 emulator
   # (whether static or dynamic).
   #
   options         COMPAT_SVR4     # build emulator statically
   options         DEBUG_SVR4      # enable verbose debugging
   device          streams         # STREAMS network driver (required for svr4).
   
   # Enable NDIS binary driver support
   options         NDISAPI
  device          ndis
  
  # Linux-specific pseudo devices support
  device          lindev
  
  
  #####################################################################
  # VM OPTIONS
  
  # Disable the 4 MByte page PSE CPU feature.  The PSE feature allows the
  # kernel to use 4 MByte pages to map the kernel instead of 4k pages.
  # This saves on the amount of memory needed for page tables needed to
  # map the kernel.  You should only disable this feature as a temporary
  # workaround if you are having problems with it enabled.
  #
  #options        DISABLE_PSE
  
  # Disable the global pages PGE CPU feature.  The PGE feature allows pages
  # to be marked with the PG_G bit.  TLB entries for these pages are not
  # flushed from the cache when %cr3 is reloaded.  This can make context
  # switches less expensive.  You should only disable this feature as a
  # temporary workaround if you are having problems with it enabled.
  #
  #options        DISABLE_PG_G
  
  # KSTACK_PAGES is the number of memory pages to assign to the kernel
  # stack of each thread.
  
  options         KSTACK_PAGES=3
  
  # Enable detailed accounting by the PV entry allocator.
  
  options         PV_STATS
  
  #####################################################################
  
  # More undocumented options for linting.
  # Note that documenting these are not considered an affront.
  
  options         FB_INSTALL_CDEV         # install a CDEV entry in /dev
  
  options         I586_PMC_GUPROF=0x70000
  options         KBDIO_DEBUG=2
  options         KBD_MAXRETRY=4
  options         KBD_MAXWAIT=6
  options         KBD_RESETDELAY=201
  
  options         PSM_DEBUG=1
  
  options         TIMER_FREQ=((14318182+6)/12)
  
  options         VM_KMEM_SIZE
  options         VM_KMEM_SIZE_MAX
  options         VM_KMEM_SIZE_SCALE
  
  
  # asr old ioctls support, needed by raidutils
  
  options         ASR_COMPAT

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