The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, Second Edition
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FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/i386/include/atomic.h

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    1 /*-
    2  * Copyright (c) 1998 Doug Rabson
    3  * All rights reserved.
    4  *
    5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
    7  * are met:
    8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
    9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   13  *
   14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
   15  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   17  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   18  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   19  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   20  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   21  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   22  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
   23  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   24  * SUCH DAMAGE.
   25  *
   26  * $FreeBSD$
   27  */
   28 #ifndef _MACHINE_ATOMIC_H_
   29 #define _MACHINE_ATOMIC_H_
   30 
   31 #ifndef _SYS_CDEFS_H_
   32 #error this file needs sys/cdefs.h as a prerequisite
   33 #endif
   34 
   35 /*
   36  * Various simple operations on memory, each of which is atomic in the
   37  * presence of interrupts and multiple processors.
   38  *
   39  * atomic_set_char(P, V)        (*(u_char *)(P) |= (V))
   40  * atomic_clear_char(P, V)      (*(u_char *)(P) &= ~(V))
   41  * atomic_add_char(P, V)        (*(u_char *)(P) += (V))
   42  * atomic_subtract_char(P, V)   (*(u_char *)(P) -= (V))
   43  *
   44  * atomic_set_short(P, V)       (*(u_short *)(P) |= (V))
   45  * atomic_clear_short(P, V)     (*(u_short *)(P) &= ~(V))
   46  * atomic_add_short(P, V)       (*(u_short *)(P) += (V))
   47  * atomic_subtract_short(P, V)  (*(u_short *)(P) -= (V))
   48  *
   49  * atomic_set_int(P, V)         (*(u_int *)(P) |= (V))
   50  * atomic_clear_int(P, V)       (*(u_int *)(P) &= ~(V))
   51  * atomic_add_int(P, V)         (*(u_int *)(P) += (V))
   52  * atomic_subtract_int(P, V)    (*(u_int *)(P) -= (V))
   53  * atomic_readandclear_int(P)   (return (*(u_int *)(P)); *(u_int *)(P) = 0;)
   54  *
   55  * atomic_set_long(P, V)        (*(u_long *)(P) |= (V))
   56  * atomic_clear_long(P, V)      (*(u_long *)(P) &= ~(V))
   57  * atomic_add_long(P, V)        (*(u_long *)(P) += (V))
   58  * atomic_subtract_long(P, V)   (*(u_long *)(P) -= (V))
   59  * atomic_readandclear_long(P)  (return (*(u_long *)(P)); *(u_long *)(P) = 0;)
   60  */
   61 
   62 /*
   63  * The above functions are expanded inline in the statically-linked
   64  * kernel.  Lock prefixes are generated if an SMP kernel is being
   65  * built.
   66  *
   67  * Kernel modules call real functions which are built into the kernel.
   68  * This allows kernel modules to be portable between UP and SMP systems.
   69  */
   70 #if defined(KLD_MODULE) || !defined(__GNUCLIKE_ASM)
   71 #define ATOMIC_ASM(NAME, TYPE, OP, CONS, V)                     \
   72 void atomic_##NAME##_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p, u_##TYPE v);  \
   73 void atomic_##NAME##_barr_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p, u_##TYPE v)
   74 
   75 int     atomic_cmpset_int(volatile u_int *dst, u_int exp, u_int src);
   76 u_int   atomic_fetchadd_int(volatile u_int *p, u_int v);
   77 
   78 #define ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD(TYPE, LOP, SOP)                       \
   79 u_##TYPE        atomic_load_acq_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p);   \
   80 void            atomic_store_rel_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p, u_##TYPE v)
   81 
   82 #else /* !KLD_MODULE && __GNUCLIKE_ASM */
   83 
   84 /*
   85  * For userland, always use lock prefixes so that the binaries will run
   86  * on both SMP and !SMP systems.
   87  */
   88 #if defined(SMP) || !defined(_KERNEL)
   89 #define MPLOCKED        "lock ; "
   90 #else
   91 #define MPLOCKED
   92 #endif
   93 
   94 /*
   95  * The assembly is volatilized to avoid code chunk removal by the compiler.
   96  * GCC aggressively reorders operations and memory clobbering is necessary
   97  * in order to avoid that for memory barriers.
   98  */
   99 #define ATOMIC_ASM(NAME, TYPE, OP, CONS, V)             \
  100 static __inline void                                    \
  101 atomic_##NAME##_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p, u_##TYPE v)\
  102 {                                                       \
  103         __asm __volatile(MPLOCKED OP                    \
  104         : "=m" (*p)                                     \
  105         : CONS (V), "m" (*p));                          \
  106 }                                                       \
  107                                                         \
  108 static __inline void                                    \
  109 atomic_##NAME##_barr_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p, u_##TYPE v)\
  110 {                                                       \
  111         __asm __volatile(MPLOCKED OP                    \
  112         : "=m" (*p)                                     \
  113         : CONS (V), "m" (*p)                            \
  114         : "memory");                                    \
  115 }                                                       \
  116 struct __hack
  117 
  118 /*
  119  * Atomic compare and set, used by the mutex functions
  120  *
  121  * if (*dst == exp) *dst = src (all 32 bit words)
  122  *
  123  * Returns 0 on failure, non-zero on success
  124  */
  125 
  126 #ifdef CPU_DISABLE_CMPXCHG
  127 
  128 static __inline int
  129 atomic_cmpset_int(volatile u_int *dst, u_int exp, u_int src)
  130 {
  131         u_char res;
  132 
  133         __asm __volatile(
  134         "       pushfl ;                "
  135         "       cli ;                   "
  136         "       cmpl    %3,%4 ;         "
  137         "       jne     1f ;            "
  138         "       movl    %2,%1 ;         "
  139         "1:                             "
  140         "       sete    %0 ;            "
  141         "       popfl ;                 "
  142         "# atomic_cmpset_int"
  143         : "=q" (res),                   /* 0 */
  144           "=m" (*dst)                   /* 1 */
  145         : "r" (src),                    /* 2 */
  146           "r" (exp),                    /* 3 */
  147           "m" (*dst)                    /* 4 */
  148         : "memory");
  149 
  150         return (res);
  151 }
  152 
  153 #else /* !CPU_DISABLE_CMPXCHG */
  154 
  155 static __inline int
  156 atomic_cmpset_int(volatile u_int *dst, u_int exp, u_int src)
  157 {
  158         u_char res;
  159 
  160         __asm __volatile(
  161         "       " MPLOCKED "            "
  162         "       cmpxchgl %2,%1 ;        "
  163         "       sete    %0 ;            "
  164         "1:                             "
  165         "# atomic_cmpset_int"
  166         : "=a" (res),                   /* 0 */
  167           "=m" (*dst)                   /* 1 */
  168         : "r" (src),                    /* 2 */
  169           "a" (exp),                    /* 3 */
  170           "m" (*dst)                    /* 4 */
  171         : "memory");
  172 
  173         return (res);
  174 }
  175 
  176 #endif /* CPU_DISABLE_CMPXCHG */
  177 
  178 /*
  179  * Atomically add the value of v to the integer pointed to by p and return
  180  * the previous value of *p.
  181  */
  182 static __inline u_int
  183 atomic_fetchadd_int(volatile u_int *p, u_int v)
  184 {
  185 
  186         __asm __volatile(
  187         "       " MPLOCKED "            "
  188         "       xaddl   %0, %1 ;        "
  189         "# atomic_fetchadd_int"
  190         : "+r" (v),                     /* 0 (result) */
  191           "=m" (*p)                     /* 1 */
  192         : "m" (*p));                    /* 2 */
  193 
  194         return (v);
  195 }
  196 
  197 #if defined(_KERNEL) && !defined(SMP)
  198 
  199 /*
  200  * We assume that a = b will do atomic loads and stores.  However, on a
  201  * PentiumPro or higher, reads may pass writes, so for that case we have
  202  * to use a serializing instruction (i.e. with LOCK) to do the load in
  203  * SMP kernels.  For UP kernels, however, the cache of the single processor
  204  * is always consistent, so we only need to take care of compiler.
  205  */
  206 #define ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD(TYPE, LOP, SOP)               \
  207 static __inline u_##TYPE                                \
  208 atomic_load_acq_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p)            \
  209 {                                                       \
  210         u_##TYPE tmp;                                   \
  211                                                         \
  212         tmp = *p;                                       \
  213         __asm __volatile("" : : : "memory");            \
  214         return (tmp);                                   \
  215 }                                                       \
  216                                                         \
  217 static __inline void                                    \
  218 atomic_store_rel_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p, u_##TYPE v)\
  219 {                                                       \
  220         __asm __volatile("" : : : "memory");            \
  221         *p = v;                                         \
  222 }                                                       \
  223 struct __hack
  224 
  225 #else /* !(_KERNEL && !SMP) */
  226 
  227 #define ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD(TYPE, LOP, SOP)               \
  228 static __inline u_##TYPE                                \
  229 atomic_load_acq_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p)            \
  230 {                                                       \
  231         u_##TYPE res;                                   \
  232                                                         \
  233         __asm __volatile(MPLOCKED LOP                   \
  234         : "=a" (res),                   /* 0 */         \
  235           "=m" (*p)                     /* 1 */         \
  236         : "m" (*p)                      /* 2 */         \
  237         : "memory");                                    \
  238                                                         \
  239         return (res);                                   \
  240 }                                                       \
  241                                                         \
  242 /*                                                      \
  243  * The XCHG instruction asserts LOCK automagically.     \
  244  */                                                     \
  245 static __inline void                                    \
  246 atomic_store_rel_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p, u_##TYPE v)\
  247 {                                                       \
  248         __asm __volatile(SOP                            \
  249         : "=m" (*p),                    /* 0 */         \
  250           "+r" (v)                      /* 1 */         \
  251         : "m" (*p)                      /* 2 */         \
  252         : "memory");                                    \
  253 }                                                       \
  254 struct __hack
  255 
  256 #endif /* _KERNEL && !SMP */
  257 
  258 #endif /* KLD_MODULE || !__GNUCLIKE_ASM */
  259 
  260 ATOMIC_ASM(set,      char,  "orb %b1,%0",  "iq",  v);
  261 ATOMIC_ASM(clear,    char,  "andb %b1,%0", "iq", ~v);
  262 ATOMIC_ASM(add,      char,  "addb %b1,%0", "iq",  v);
  263 ATOMIC_ASM(subtract, char,  "subb %b1,%0", "iq",  v);
  264 
  265 ATOMIC_ASM(set,      short, "orw %w1,%0",  "ir",  v);
  266 ATOMIC_ASM(clear,    short, "andw %w1,%0", "ir", ~v);
  267 ATOMIC_ASM(add,      short, "addw %w1,%0", "ir",  v);
  268 ATOMIC_ASM(subtract, short, "subw %w1,%0", "ir",  v);
  269 
  270 ATOMIC_ASM(set,      int,   "orl %1,%0",   "ir",  v);
  271 ATOMIC_ASM(clear,    int,   "andl %1,%0",  "ir", ~v);
  272 ATOMIC_ASM(add,      int,   "addl %1,%0",  "ir",  v);
  273 ATOMIC_ASM(subtract, int,   "subl %1,%0",  "ir",  v);
  274 
  275 ATOMIC_ASM(set,      long,  "orl %1,%0",   "ir",  v);
  276 ATOMIC_ASM(clear,    long,  "andl %1,%0",  "ir", ~v);
  277 ATOMIC_ASM(add,      long,  "addl %1,%0",  "ir",  v);
  278 ATOMIC_ASM(subtract, long,  "subl %1,%0",  "ir",  v);
  279 
  280 ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD(char, "cmpxchgb %b0,%1", "xchgb %b1,%0");
  281 ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD(short,"cmpxchgw %w0,%1", "xchgw %w1,%0");
  282 ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD(int,  "cmpxchgl %0,%1",  "xchgl %1,%0");
  283 ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD(long, "cmpxchgl %0,%1",  "xchgl %1,%0");
  284 
  285 #undef ATOMIC_ASM
  286 #undef ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD
  287 
  288 #ifndef WANT_FUNCTIONS
  289 
  290 static __inline int
  291 atomic_cmpset_long(volatile u_long *dst, u_long exp, u_long src)
  292 {
  293 
  294         return (atomic_cmpset_int((volatile u_int *)dst, (u_int)exp,
  295             (u_int)src));
  296 }
  297 
  298 static __inline u_long
  299 atomic_fetchadd_long(volatile u_long *p, u_long v)
  300 {
  301 
  302         return (atomic_fetchadd_int((volatile u_int *)p, (u_int)v));
  303 }
  304 
  305 /* Read the current value and store a zero in the destination. */
  306 #ifdef __GNUCLIKE_ASM
  307 
  308 static __inline u_int
  309 atomic_readandclear_int(volatile u_int *addr)
  310 {
  311         u_int res;
  312 
  313         res = 0;
  314         __asm __volatile(
  315         "       xchgl   %1,%0 ;         "
  316         "# atomic_readandclear_int"
  317         : "+r" (res),                   /* 0 */
  318           "=m" (*addr)                  /* 1 */
  319         : "m" (*addr));
  320 
  321         return (res);
  322 }
  323 
  324 static __inline u_long
  325 atomic_readandclear_long(volatile u_long *addr)
  326 {
  327         u_long res;
  328 
  329         res = 0;
  330         __asm __volatile(
  331         "       xchgl   %1,%0 ;         "
  332         "# atomic_readandclear_long"
  333         : "+r" (res),                   /* 0 */
  334           "=m" (*addr)                  /* 1 */
  335         : "m" (*addr));
  336 
  337         return (res);
  338 }
  339 
  340 #else /* !__GNUCLIKE_ASM */
  341 
  342 u_int   atomic_readandclear_int(volatile u_int *addr);
  343 u_long  atomic_readandclear_long(volatile u_long *addr);
  344 
  345 #endif /* __GNUCLIKE_ASM */
  346 
  347 #define atomic_set_acq_char             atomic_set_barr_char
  348 #define atomic_set_rel_char             atomic_set_barr_char
  349 #define atomic_clear_acq_char           atomic_clear_barr_char
  350 #define atomic_clear_rel_char           atomic_clear_barr_char
  351 #define atomic_add_acq_char             atomic_add_barr_char
  352 #define atomic_add_rel_char             atomic_add_barr_char
  353 #define atomic_subtract_acq_char        atomic_subtract_barr_char
  354 #define atomic_subtract_rel_char        atomic_subtract_barr_char
  355 
  356 #define atomic_set_acq_short            atomic_set_barr_short
  357 #define atomic_set_rel_short            atomic_set_barr_short
  358 #define atomic_clear_acq_short          atomic_clear_barr_short
  359 #define atomic_clear_rel_short          atomic_clear_barr_short
  360 #define atomic_add_acq_short            atomic_add_barr_short
  361 #define atomic_add_rel_short            atomic_add_barr_short
  362 #define atomic_subtract_acq_short       atomic_subtract_barr_short
  363 #define atomic_subtract_rel_short       atomic_subtract_barr_short
  364 
  365 #define atomic_set_acq_int              atomic_set_barr_int
  366 #define atomic_set_rel_int              atomic_set_barr_int
  367 #define atomic_clear_acq_int            atomic_clear_barr_int
  368 #define atomic_clear_rel_int            atomic_clear_barr_int
  369 #define atomic_add_acq_int              atomic_add_barr_int
  370 #define atomic_add_rel_int              atomic_add_barr_int
  371 #define atomic_subtract_acq_int         atomic_subtract_barr_int
  372 #define atomic_subtract_rel_int         atomic_subtract_barr_int
  373 #define atomic_cmpset_acq_int           atomic_cmpset_int
  374 #define atomic_cmpset_rel_int           atomic_cmpset_int
  375 
  376 #define atomic_set_acq_long             atomic_set_barr_long
  377 #define atomic_set_rel_long             atomic_set_barr_long
  378 #define atomic_clear_acq_long           atomic_clear_barr_long
  379 #define atomic_clear_rel_long           atomic_clear_barr_long
  380 #define atomic_add_acq_long             atomic_add_barr_long
  381 #define atomic_add_rel_long             atomic_add_barr_long
  382 #define atomic_subtract_acq_long        atomic_subtract_barr_long
  383 #define atomic_subtract_rel_long        atomic_subtract_barr_long
  384 #define atomic_cmpset_acq_long          atomic_cmpset_long
  385 #define atomic_cmpset_rel_long          atomic_cmpset_long
  386 
  387 /* Operations on 8-bit bytes. */
  388 #define atomic_set_8            atomic_set_char
  389 #define atomic_set_acq_8        atomic_set_acq_char
  390 #define atomic_set_rel_8        atomic_set_rel_char
  391 #define atomic_clear_8          atomic_clear_char
  392 #define atomic_clear_acq_8      atomic_clear_acq_char
  393 #define atomic_clear_rel_8      atomic_clear_rel_char
  394 #define atomic_add_8            atomic_add_char
  395 #define atomic_add_acq_8        atomic_add_acq_char
  396 #define atomic_add_rel_8        atomic_add_rel_char
  397 #define atomic_subtract_8       atomic_subtract_char
  398 #define atomic_subtract_acq_8   atomic_subtract_acq_char
  399 #define atomic_subtract_rel_8   atomic_subtract_rel_char
  400 #define atomic_load_acq_8       atomic_load_acq_char
  401 #define atomic_store_rel_8      atomic_store_rel_char
  402 
  403 /* Operations on 16-bit words. */
  404 #define atomic_set_16           atomic_set_short
  405 #define atomic_set_acq_16       atomic_set_acq_short
  406 #define atomic_set_rel_16       atomic_set_rel_short
  407 #define atomic_clear_16         atomic_clear_short
  408 #define atomic_clear_acq_16     atomic_clear_acq_short
  409 #define atomic_clear_rel_16     atomic_clear_rel_short
  410 #define atomic_add_16           atomic_add_short
  411 #define atomic_add_acq_16       atomic_add_acq_short
  412 #define atomic_add_rel_16       atomic_add_rel_short
  413 #define atomic_subtract_16      atomic_subtract_short
  414 #define atomic_subtract_acq_16  atomic_subtract_acq_short
  415 #define atomic_subtract_rel_16  atomic_subtract_rel_short
  416 #define atomic_load_acq_16      atomic_load_acq_short
  417 #define atomic_store_rel_16     atomic_store_rel_short
  418 
  419 /* Operations on 32-bit double words. */
  420 #define atomic_set_32           atomic_set_int
  421 #define atomic_set_acq_32       atomic_set_acq_int
  422 #define atomic_set_rel_32       atomic_set_rel_int
  423 #define atomic_clear_32         atomic_clear_int
  424 #define atomic_clear_acq_32     atomic_clear_acq_int
  425 #define atomic_clear_rel_32     atomic_clear_rel_int
  426 #define atomic_add_32           atomic_add_int
  427 #define atomic_add_acq_32       atomic_add_acq_int
  428 #define atomic_add_rel_32       atomic_add_rel_int
  429 #define atomic_subtract_32      atomic_subtract_int
  430 #define atomic_subtract_acq_32  atomic_subtract_acq_int
  431 #define atomic_subtract_rel_32  atomic_subtract_rel_int
  432 #define atomic_load_acq_32      atomic_load_acq_int
  433 #define atomic_store_rel_32     atomic_store_rel_int
  434 #define atomic_cmpset_32        atomic_cmpset_int
  435 #define atomic_cmpset_acq_32    atomic_cmpset_acq_int
  436 #define atomic_cmpset_rel_32    atomic_cmpset_rel_int
  437 #define atomic_readandclear_32  atomic_readandclear_int
  438 #define atomic_fetchadd_32      atomic_fetchadd_int
  439 
  440 /* Operations on pointers. */
  441 #define atomic_set_ptr(p, v) \
  442         atomic_set_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
  443 #define atomic_set_acq_ptr(p, v) \
  444         atomic_set_acq_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
  445 #define atomic_set_rel_ptr(p, v) \
  446         atomic_set_rel_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
  447 #define atomic_clear_ptr(p, v) \
  448         atomic_clear_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
  449 #define atomic_clear_acq_ptr(p, v) \
  450         atomic_clear_acq_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
  451 #define atomic_clear_rel_ptr(p, v) \
  452         atomic_clear_rel_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
  453 #define atomic_add_ptr(p, v) \
  454         atomic_add_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
  455 #define atomic_add_acq_ptr(p, v) \
  456         atomic_add_acq_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
  457 #define atomic_add_rel_ptr(p, v) \
  458         atomic_add_rel_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
  459 #define atomic_subtract_ptr(p, v) \
  460         atomic_subtract_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
  461 #define atomic_subtract_acq_ptr(p, v) \
  462         atomic_subtract_acq_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
  463 #define atomic_subtract_rel_ptr(p, v) \
  464         atomic_subtract_rel_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
  465 #define atomic_load_acq_ptr(p) \
  466         atomic_load_acq_int((volatile u_int *)(p))
  467 #define atomic_store_rel_ptr(p, v) \
  468         atomic_store_rel_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (v))
  469 #define atomic_cmpset_ptr(dst, old, new) \
  470         atomic_cmpset_int((volatile u_int *)(dst), (u_int)(old), (u_int)(new))
  471 #define atomic_cmpset_acq_ptr(dst, old, new) \
  472         atomic_cmpset_acq_int((volatile u_int *)(dst), (u_int)(old), \
  473             (u_int)(new))
  474 #define atomic_cmpset_rel_ptr(dst, old, new) \
  475         atomic_cmpset_rel_int((volatile u_int *)(dst), (u_int)(old), \
  476             (u_int)(new))
  477 #define atomic_readandclear_ptr(p) \
  478         atomic_readandclear_int((volatile u_int *)(p))
  479 
  480 #endif /* !WANT_FUNCTIONS */
  481 
  482 #endif /* !_MACHINE_ATOMIC_H_ */

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