The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, Second Edition
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FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/i386/include/pmap.h

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    1 /*-
    2  * Copyright (c) 1991 Regents of the University of California.
    3  * All rights reserved.
    4  *
    5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
    6  * the Systems Programming Group of the University of Utah Computer
    7  * Science Department and William Jolitz of UUNET Technologies Inc.
    8  *
    9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   11  * are met:
   12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
   18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
   19  *    without specific prior written permission.
   20  *
   21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
   22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
   30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
   32  *
   33  * Derived from hp300 version by Mike Hibler, this version by William
   34  * Jolitz uses a recursive map [a pde points to the page directory] to
   35  * map the page tables using the pagetables themselves. This is done to
   36  * reduce the impact on kernel virtual memory for lots of sparse address
   37  * space, and to reduce the cost of memory to each process.
   38  *
   39  *      from: hp300: @(#)pmap.h 7.2 (Berkeley) 12/16/90
   40  *      from: @(#)pmap.h        7.4 (Berkeley) 5/12/91
   41  * $FreeBSD$
   42  */
   43 
   44 #ifndef _MACHINE_PMAP_H_
   45 #define _MACHINE_PMAP_H_
   46 
   47 /*
   48  * Page-directory and page-table entries follow this format, with a few
   49  * of the fields not present here and there, depending on a lot of things.
   50  */
   51                                 /* ---- Intel Nomenclature ---- */
   52 #define PG_V            0x001   /* P    Valid                   */
   53 #define PG_RW           0x002   /* R/W  Read/Write              */
   54 #define PG_U            0x004   /* U/S  User/Supervisor         */
   55 #define PG_NC_PWT       0x008   /* PWT  Write through           */
   56 #define PG_NC_PCD       0x010   /* PCD  Cache disable           */
   57 #define PG_A            0x020   /* A    Accessed                */
   58 #define PG_M            0x040   /* D    Dirty                   */
   59 #define PG_PS           0x080   /* PS   Page size (0=4k,1=4M)   */
   60 #define PG_PTE_PAT      0x080   /* PAT  PAT index               */
   61 #define PG_G            0x100   /* G    Global                  */
   62 #define PG_AVAIL1       0x200   /*    / Available for system    */
   63 #define PG_AVAIL2       0x400   /*   <  programmers use         */
   64 #define PG_AVAIL3       0x800   /*    \                         */
   65 #define PG_PDE_PAT      0x1000  /* PAT  PAT index               */
   66 #ifdef PAE
   67 #define PG_NX           (1ull<<63) /* No-execute */
   68 #endif
   69 
   70 
   71 /* Our various interpretations of the above */
   72 #define PG_W            PG_AVAIL1       /* "Wired" pseudoflag */
   73 #define PG_MANAGED      PG_AVAIL2
   74 #ifdef PAE
   75 #define PG_FRAME        (0x000ffffffffff000ull)
   76 #define PG_PS_FRAME     (0x000fffffffe00000ull)
   77 #else
   78 #define PG_FRAME        (~PAGE_MASK)
   79 #define PG_PS_FRAME     (0xffc00000)
   80 #endif
   81 #define PG_PROT         (PG_RW|PG_U)    /* all protection bits . */
   82 #define PG_N            (PG_NC_PWT|PG_NC_PCD)   /* Non-cacheable */
   83 
   84 /*
   85  * Page Protection Exception bits
   86  */
   87 
   88 #define PGEX_P          0x01    /* Protection violation vs. not present */
   89 #define PGEX_W          0x02    /* during a Write cycle */
   90 #define PGEX_U          0x04    /* access from User mode (UPL) */
   91 #define PGEX_RSV        0x08    /* reserved PTE field is non-zero */
   92 #define PGEX_I          0x10    /* during an instruction fetch */
   93 
   94 /*
   95  * Size of Kernel address space.  This is the number of page table pages
   96  * (4MB each) to use for the kernel.  256 pages == 1 Gigabyte.
   97  * This **MUST** be a multiple of 4 (eg: 252, 256, 260, etc).
   98  */
   99 #ifndef KVA_PAGES
  100 #ifdef PAE
  101 #define KVA_PAGES       512
  102 #else
  103 #define KVA_PAGES       256
  104 #endif
  105 #endif
  106 
  107 /*
  108  * Pte related macros
  109  */
  110 #define VADDR(pdi, pti) ((vm_offset_t)(((pdi)<<PDRSHIFT)|((pti)<<PAGE_SHIFT)))
  111 
  112 /* Initial number of kernel page tables. */
  113 #ifndef NKPT
  114 #ifdef PAE
  115 /* 152 page tables needed to map 16G (76B "struct vm_page", 2M page tables). */
  116 #define NKPT            240
  117 #else
  118 /* 18 page tables needed to map 4G (72B "struct vm_page", 4M page tables). */
  119 #define NKPT            30
  120 #endif
  121 #endif
  122 
  123 #ifndef NKPDE
  124 #ifdef SMP
  125 #define NKPDE   (KVA_PAGES - 1) /* number of page tables/pde's */
  126 #else
  127 #define NKPDE   (KVA_PAGES)     /* number of page tables/pde's */
  128 #endif
  129 #endif
  130 
  131 /*
  132  * The *PTDI values control the layout of virtual memory
  133  *
  134  * XXX This works for now, but I am not real happy with it, I'll fix it
  135  * right after I fix locore.s and the magic 28K hole
  136  *
  137  * SMP_PRIVPAGES: The per-cpu address space is 0xff80000 -> 0xffbfffff
  138  */
  139 #ifdef SMP
  140 #define MPPTDI          (NPDEPTD-1)     /* per cpu ptd entry */
  141 #define KPTDI           (MPPTDI-NKPDE)  /* start of kernel virtual pde's */
  142 #else
  143 #define KPTDI           (NPDEPTD-NKPDE)/* start of kernel virtual pde's */
  144 #endif  /* SMP */
  145 #define PTDPTDI         (KPTDI-NPGPTD)  /* ptd entry that points to ptd! */
  146 
  147 /*
  148  * XXX doesn't really belong here I guess...
  149  */
  150 #define ISA_HOLE_START    0xa0000
  151 #define ISA_HOLE_LENGTH (0x100000-ISA_HOLE_START)
  152 
  153 #ifndef LOCORE
  154 
  155 #include <sys/queue.h>
  156 #include <sys/_lock.h>
  157 #include <sys/_mutex.h>
  158 
  159 #ifdef PAE
  160 
  161 typedef uint64_t pdpt_entry_t;
  162 typedef uint64_t pd_entry_t;
  163 typedef uint64_t pt_entry_t;
  164 
  165 #define PTESHIFT        (3)
  166 #define PDESHIFT        (3)
  167 
  168 #else
  169 
  170 typedef uint32_t pd_entry_t;
  171 typedef uint32_t pt_entry_t;
  172 
  173 #define PTESHIFT        (2)
  174 #define PDESHIFT        (2)
  175 
  176 #endif
  177 
  178 /*
  179  * Address of current and alternate address space page table maps
  180  * and directories.
  181  */
  182 #ifdef _KERNEL
  183 extern pt_entry_t PTmap[];
  184 extern pd_entry_t PTD[];
  185 extern pd_entry_t PTDpde[];
  186 
  187 #ifdef PAE
  188 extern pdpt_entry_t *IdlePDPT;
  189 #endif
  190 extern pd_entry_t *IdlePTD;     /* physical address of "Idle" state directory */
  191 #endif
  192 
  193 #ifdef _KERNEL
  194 /*
  195  * virtual address to page table entry and
  196  * to physical address.
  197  * Note: these work recursively, thus vtopte of a pte will give
  198  * the corresponding pde that in turn maps it.
  199  */
  200 #define vtopte(va)      (PTmap + i386_btop(va))
  201 #define vtophys(va)     pmap_kextract((vm_offset_t)(va))
  202 
  203 /*
  204  *      Routine:        pmap_kextract
  205  *      Function:
  206  *              Extract the physical page address associated
  207  *              kernel virtual address.
  208  */
  209 static __inline vm_paddr_t
  210 pmap_kextract(vm_offset_t va)
  211 {
  212         vm_paddr_t pa;
  213 
  214         if ((pa = PTD[va >> PDRSHIFT]) & PG_PS) {
  215                 pa = (pa & PG_PS_FRAME) | (va & PDRMASK);
  216         } else {
  217                 pa = *vtopte(va);
  218                 pa = (pa & PG_FRAME) | (va & PAGE_MASK);
  219         }
  220         return pa;
  221 }
  222 
  223 #ifdef PAE
  224 
  225 static __inline pt_entry_t
  226 pte_load(pt_entry_t *ptep)
  227 {
  228         pt_entry_t r;
  229 
  230         __asm __volatile(
  231             "lock; cmpxchg8b %1"
  232             : "=A" (r)
  233             : "m" (*ptep), "a" (0), "d" (0), "b" (0), "c" (0));
  234         return (r);
  235 }
  236 
  237 static __inline pt_entry_t
  238 pte_load_store(pt_entry_t *ptep, pt_entry_t v)
  239 {
  240         pt_entry_t r;
  241 
  242         r = *ptep;
  243         __asm __volatile(
  244             "1:\n"
  245             "\tlock; cmpxchg8b %1\n"
  246             "\tjnz 1b"
  247             : "+A" (r)
  248             : "m" (*ptep), "b" ((uint32_t)v), "c" ((uint32_t)(v >> 32)));
  249         return (r);
  250 }
  251 
  252 /* XXXRU move to atomic.h? */
  253 static __inline int
  254 atomic_cmpset_64(volatile uint64_t *dst, uint64_t exp, uint64_t src)
  255 {
  256         int64_t res = exp;
  257 
  258         __asm __volatile (
  259         "       lock ;                  "
  260         "       cmpxchg8b %2 ;          "
  261         "       setz    %%al ;          "
  262         "       movzbl  %%al,%0 ;       "
  263         "# atomic_cmpset_64"
  264         : "+A" (res),                   /* 0 (result) */
  265           "=m" (*dst)                   /* 1 */
  266         : "m" (*dst),                   /* 2 */
  267           "b" ((uint32_t)src),
  268           "c" ((uint32_t)(src >> 32)));
  269 
  270         return (res);
  271 }
  272 
  273 #define pte_load_clear(ptep)    pte_load_store((ptep), (pt_entry_t)0ULL)
  274 
  275 #define pte_store(ptep, pte)    pte_load_store((ptep), (pt_entry_t)pte)
  276 
  277 extern pt_entry_t pg_nx;
  278 
  279 #else /* PAE */
  280 
  281 static __inline pt_entry_t
  282 pte_load(pt_entry_t *ptep)
  283 {
  284         pt_entry_t r;
  285 
  286         r = *ptep;
  287         return (r);
  288 }
  289 
  290 static __inline pt_entry_t
  291 pte_load_store(pt_entry_t *ptep, pt_entry_t pte)
  292 {
  293         pt_entry_t r;
  294 
  295         __asm __volatile(
  296             "xchgl %0,%1"
  297             : "=m" (*ptep),
  298               "=r" (r)
  299             : "1" (pte),
  300               "m" (*ptep));
  301         return (r);
  302 }
  303 
  304 #define pte_load_clear(pte)     atomic_readandclear_int(pte)
  305 
  306 static __inline void
  307 pte_store(pt_entry_t *ptep, pt_entry_t pte)
  308 {
  309 
  310         *ptep = pte;
  311 }
  312 
  313 #endif /* PAE */
  314 
  315 #define pte_clear(ptep)         pte_store((ptep), (pt_entry_t)0ULL)
  316 
  317 #define pde_store(pdep, pde)    pte_store((pdep), (pde))
  318 
  319 #endif /* _KERNEL */
  320 
  321 /*
  322  * Pmap stuff
  323  */
  324 struct  pv_entry;
  325 struct  pv_chunk;
  326 
  327 struct md_page {
  328         int pv_list_count;
  329         TAILQ_HEAD(,pv_entry)   pv_list;
  330 };
  331 
  332 struct pmap {
  333         struct mtx              pm_mtx;
  334         pd_entry_t              *pm_pdir;       /* KVA of page directory */
  335         TAILQ_HEAD(,pv_chunk)   pm_pvchunk;     /* list of mappings in pmap */
  336         u_int                   pm_active;      /* active on cpus */
  337         struct pmap_statistics  pm_stats;       /* pmap statistics */
  338         LIST_ENTRY(pmap)        pm_list;        /* List of all pmaps */
  339 #ifdef PAE
  340         pdpt_entry_t            *pm_pdpt;       /* KVA of page director pointer
  341                                                    table */
  342 #endif
  343 };
  344 
  345 typedef struct pmap     *pmap_t;
  346 
  347 #ifdef _KERNEL
  348 extern struct pmap      kernel_pmap_store;
  349 #define kernel_pmap     (&kernel_pmap_store)
  350 
  351 #define PMAP_LOCK(pmap)         mtx_lock(&(pmap)->pm_mtx)
  352 #define PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, type) \
  353                                 mtx_assert(&(pmap)->pm_mtx, (type))
  354 #define PMAP_LOCK_DESTROY(pmap) mtx_destroy(&(pmap)->pm_mtx)
  355 #define PMAP_LOCK_INIT(pmap)    mtx_init(&(pmap)->pm_mtx, "pmap", \
  356                                     NULL, MTX_DEF | MTX_DUPOK)
  357 #define PMAP_LOCKED(pmap)       mtx_owned(&(pmap)->pm_mtx)
  358 #define PMAP_MTX(pmap)          (&(pmap)->pm_mtx)
  359 #define PMAP_TRYLOCK(pmap)      mtx_trylock(&(pmap)->pm_mtx)
  360 #define PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap)       mtx_unlock(&(pmap)->pm_mtx)
  361 #endif
  362 
  363 /*
  364  * For each vm_page_t, there is a list of all currently valid virtual
  365  * mappings of that page.  An entry is a pv_entry_t, the list is pv_list.
  366  */
  367 typedef struct pv_entry {
  368         vm_offset_t     pv_va;          /* virtual address for mapping */
  369         TAILQ_ENTRY(pv_entry)   pv_list;
  370 } *pv_entry_t;
  371 
  372 /*
  373  * pv_entries are allocated in chunks per-process.  This avoids the
  374  * need to track per-pmap assignments.
  375  */
  376 #define _NPCM   11
  377 #define _NPCPV  336
  378 struct pv_chunk {
  379         pmap_t                  pc_pmap;
  380         TAILQ_ENTRY(pv_chunk)   pc_list;
  381         uint32_t                pc_map[_NPCM];  /* bitmap; 1 = free */
  382         uint32_t                pc_spare[2];
  383         struct pv_entry         pc_pventry[_NPCPV];
  384 };
  385 
  386 #ifdef  _KERNEL
  387 
  388 #define NPPROVMTRR              8
  389 #define PPRO_VMTRRphysBase0     0x200
  390 #define PPRO_VMTRRphysMask0     0x201
  391 struct ppro_vmtrr {
  392         u_int64_t base, mask;
  393 };
  394 extern struct ppro_vmtrr PPro_vmtrr[NPPROVMTRR];
  395 
  396 extern caddr_t  CADDR1;
  397 extern pt_entry_t *CMAP1;
  398 extern vm_paddr_t phys_avail[];
  399 extern vm_paddr_t dump_avail[];
  400 extern int pseflag;
  401 extern int pgeflag;
  402 extern char *ptvmmap;           /* poor name! */
  403 extern vm_offset_t virtual_avail;
  404 extern vm_offset_t virtual_end;
  405 
  406 #define pmap_page_is_mapped(m)  (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&(m)->md.pv_list))
  407 #define pmap_unmapbios(va, sz)  pmap_unmapdev((va), (sz))
  408 
  409 void    pmap_bootstrap(vm_paddr_t);
  410 int     pmap_change_attr(vm_offset_t, vm_size_t, int);
  411 void    pmap_init_pat(void);
  412 void    pmap_kenter(vm_offset_t va, vm_paddr_t pa);
  413 void    pmap_kenter_attr(vm_offset_t va, vm_paddr_t pa, int mode);
  414 void    *pmap_kenter_temporary(vm_paddr_t pa, int i);
  415 void    pmap_kremove(vm_offset_t);
  416 void    *pmap_mapbios(vm_paddr_t, vm_size_t);
  417 void    *pmap_mapdev(vm_paddr_t, vm_size_t);
  418 void    *pmap_mapdev_attr(vm_paddr_t, vm_size_t, int);
  419 void    pmap_unmapdev(vm_offset_t, vm_size_t);
  420 pt_entry_t *pmap_pte(pmap_t, vm_offset_t) __pure2;
  421 void    pmap_set_pg(void);
  422 void    pmap_invalidate_page(pmap_t, vm_offset_t);
  423 void    pmap_invalidate_range(pmap_t, vm_offset_t, vm_offset_t);
  424 void    pmap_invalidate_all(pmap_t);
  425 void    pmap_invalidate_cache(void);
  426 
  427 #endif /* _KERNEL */
  428 
  429 #endif /* !LOCORE */
  430 
  431 #endif /* !_MACHINE_PMAP_H_ */

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