The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, Second Edition
Now available: The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System (Second Edition)


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FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/i386/include/pmap.h

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    1 /*-
    2  * Copyright (c) 1991 Regents of the University of California.
    3  * All rights reserved.
    4  *
    5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
    6  * the Systems Programming Group of the University of Utah Computer
    7  * Science Department and William Jolitz of UUNET Technologies Inc.
    8  *
    9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   11  * are met:
   12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
   18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
   19  *    without specific prior written permission.
   20  *
   21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
   22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
   30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
   32  *
   33  * Derived from hp300 version by Mike Hibler, this version by William
   34  * Jolitz uses a recursive map [a pde points to the page directory] to
   35  * map the page tables using the pagetables themselves. This is done to
   36  * reduce the impact on kernel virtual memory for lots of sparse address
   37  * space, and to reduce the cost of memory to each process.
   38  *
   39  *      from: hp300: @(#)pmap.h 7.2 (Berkeley) 12/16/90
   40  *      from: @(#)pmap.h        7.4 (Berkeley) 5/12/91
   41  * $FreeBSD$
   42  */
   43 
   44 #ifndef _MACHINE_PMAP_H_
   45 #define _MACHINE_PMAP_H_
   46 
   47 /*
   48  * Page-directory and page-table entries follow this format, with a few
   49  * of the fields not present here and there, depending on a lot of things.
   50  */
   51                                 /* ---- Intel Nomenclature ---- */
   52 #define PG_V            0x001   /* P    Valid                   */
   53 #define PG_RW           0x002   /* R/W  Read/Write              */
   54 #define PG_U            0x004   /* U/S  User/Supervisor         */
   55 #define PG_NC_PWT       0x008   /* PWT  Write through           */
   56 #define PG_NC_PCD       0x010   /* PCD  Cache disable           */
   57 #define PG_A            0x020   /* A    Accessed                */
   58 #define PG_M            0x040   /* D    Dirty                   */
   59 #define PG_PS           0x080   /* PS   Page size (0=4k,1=4M)   */
   60 #define PG_PTE_PAT      0x080   /* PAT  PAT index               */
   61 #define PG_G            0x100   /* G    Global                  */
   62 #define PG_AVAIL1       0x200   /*    / Available for system    */
   63 #define PG_AVAIL2       0x400   /*   <  programmers use         */
   64 #define PG_AVAIL3       0x800   /*    \                         */
   65 #define PG_PDE_PAT      0x1000  /* PAT  PAT index               */
   66 #ifdef PAE
   67 #define PG_NX           (1ull<<63) /* No-execute */
   68 #endif
   69 
   70 
   71 /* Our various interpretations of the above */
   72 #define PG_W            PG_AVAIL1       /* "Wired" pseudoflag */
   73 #define PG_MANAGED      PG_AVAIL2
   74 #ifdef PAE
   75 #define PG_FRAME        (0x000ffffffffff000ull)
   76 #define PG_PS_FRAME     (0x000fffffffe00000ull)
   77 #else
   78 #define PG_FRAME        (~PAGE_MASK)
   79 #define PG_PS_FRAME     (0xffc00000)
   80 #endif
   81 #define PG_PROT         (PG_RW|PG_U)    /* all protection bits . */
   82 #define PG_N            (PG_NC_PWT|PG_NC_PCD)   /* Non-cacheable */
   83 
   84 /* Page level cache control fields used to determine the PAT type */
   85 #define PG_PDE_CACHE    (PG_PDE_PAT | PG_NC_PWT | PG_NC_PCD)
   86 #define PG_PTE_CACHE    (PG_PTE_PAT | PG_NC_PWT | PG_NC_PCD)
   87 
   88 /*
   89  * Promotion to a 2 or 4MB (PDE) page mapping requires that the corresponding
   90  * 4KB (PTE) page mappings have identical settings for the following fields:
   91  */
   92 #define PG_PTE_PROMOTE  (PG_MANAGED | PG_W | PG_G | PG_PTE_PAT | \
   93             PG_M | PG_A | PG_NC_PCD | PG_NC_PWT | PG_U | PG_RW | PG_V)
   94 
   95 /*
   96  * Page Protection Exception bits
   97  */
   98 
   99 #define PGEX_P          0x01    /* Protection violation vs. not present */
  100 #define PGEX_W          0x02    /* during a Write cycle */
  101 #define PGEX_U          0x04    /* access from User mode (UPL) */
  102 #define PGEX_RSV        0x08    /* reserved PTE field is non-zero */
  103 #define PGEX_I          0x10    /* during an instruction fetch */
  104 
  105 /*
  106  * Size of Kernel address space.  This is the number of page table pages
  107  * (4MB each) to use for the kernel.  256 pages == 1 Gigabyte.
  108  * This **MUST** be a multiple of 4 (eg: 252, 256, 260, etc).
  109  * For PAE, the page table page unit size is 2MB.  This means that 512 pages
  110  * is 1 Gigabyte.  Double everything.  It must be a multiple of 8 for PAE.
  111  */
  112 #ifndef KVA_PAGES
  113 #ifdef PAE
  114 #define KVA_PAGES       512
  115 #else
  116 #define KVA_PAGES       256
  117 #endif
  118 #endif
  119 
  120 /*
  121  * Pte related macros
  122  */
  123 #define VADDR(pdi, pti) ((vm_offset_t)(((pdi)<<PDRSHIFT)|((pti)<<PAGE_SHIFT)))
  124 
  125 /* Initial number of kernel page tables. */
  126 #ifndef NKPT
  127 #ifdef PAE
  128 /* 152 page tables needed to map 16G (76B "struct vm_page", 2M page tables). */
  129 #define NKPT            240
  130 #else
  131 /* 18 page tables needed to map 4G (72B "struct vm_page", 4M page tables). */
  132 #define NKPT            30
  133 #endif
  134 #endif
  135 
  136 #ifndef NKPDE
  137 #define NKPDE   (KVA_PAGES)     /* number of page tables/pde's */
  138 #endif
  139 
  140 /*
  141  * The *PTDI values control the layout of virtual memory
  142  *
  143  * XXX This works for now, but I am not real happy with it, I'll fix it
  144  * right after I fix locore.s and the magic 28K hole
  145  */
  146 #define KPTDI           (NPDEPTD-NKPDE) /* start of kernel virtual pde's */
  147 #define PTDPTDI         (KPTDI-NPGPTD)  /* ptd entry that points to ptd! */
  148 
  149 /*
  150  * XXX doesn't really belong here I guess...
  151  */
  152 #define ISA_HOLE_START    0xa0000
  153 #define ISA_HOLE_LENGTH (0x100000-ISA_HOLE_START)
  154 
  155 #ifndef LOCORE
  156 
  157 #include <sys/queue.h>
  158 #include <sys/_lock.h>
  159 #include <sys/_mutex.h>
  160 
  161 #ifdef PAE
  162 
  163 typedef uint64_t pdpt_entry_t;
  164 typedef uint64_t pd_entry_t;
  165 typedef uint64_t pt_entry_t;
  166 
  167 #define PTESHIFT        (3)
  168 #define PDESHIFT        (3)
  169 
  170 #else
  171 
  172 typedef uint32_t pd_entry_t;
  173 typedef uint32_t pt_entry_t;
  174 
  175 #define PTESHIFT        (2)
  176 #define PDESHIFT        (2)
  177 
  178 #endif
  179 
  180 /*
  181  * Address of current address space page table maps and directories.
  182  */
  183 #ifdef _KERNEL
  184 extern pt_entry_t PTmap[];
  185 extern pd_entry_t PTD[];
  186 extern pd_entry_t PTDpde[];
  187 
  188 #ifdef PAE
  189 extern pdpt_entry_t *IdlePDPT;
  190 #endif
  191 extern pd_entry_t *IdlePTD;     /* physical address of "Idle" state directory */
  192 #endif
  193 
  194 #ifdef _KERNEL
  195 /*
  196  * Translate a virtual address to the kernel virtual address of its page table
  197  * entry (PTE).  This can be used recursively.  If the address of a PTE as
  198  * previously returned by this macro is itself given as the argument, then the
  199  * address of the page directory entry (PDE) that maps the PTE will be
  200  * returned.
  201  *
  202  * This macro may be used before pmap_bootstrap() is called.
  203  */
  204 #define vtopte(va)      (PTmap + i386_btop(va))
  205 
  206 /*
  207  * Translate a virtual address to its physical address.
  208  *
  209  * This macro may be used before pmap_bootstrap() is called.
  210  */
  211 #define vtophys(va)     pmap_kextract((vm_offset_t)(va))
  212 
  213 
  214 /*
  215  * KPTmap is a linear mapping of the kernel page table.  It differs from the
  216  * recursive mapping in two ways: (1) it only provides access to kernel page
  217  * table pages, and not user page table pages, and (2) it provides access to
  218  * a kernel page table page after the corresponding virtual addresses have
  219  * been promoted to a 2/4MB page mapping.
  220  *
  221  * KPTmap is first initialized by locore to support just NPKT page table
  222  * pages.  Later, it is reinitialized by pmap_bootstrap() to allow for
  223  * expansion of the kernel page table.
  224  */
  225 extern pt_entry_t *KPTmap;
  226 
  227 /*
  228  * Extract from the kernel page table the physical address that is mapped by
  229  * the given virtual address "va".
  230  *
  231  * This function may be used before pmap_bootstrap() is called.
  232  */
  233 static __inline vm_paddr_t
  234 pmap_kextract(vm_offset_t va)
  235 {
  236         vm_paddr_t pa;
  237 
  238         if ((pa = PTD[va >> PDRSHIFT]) & PG_PS) {
  239                 pa = (pa & PG_PS_FRAME) | (va & PDRMASK);
  240         } else {
  241                 /*
  242                  * Beware of a concurrent promotion that changes the PDE at
  243                  * this point!  For example, vtopte() must not be used to
  244                  * access the PTE because it would use the new PDE.  It is,
  245                  * however, safe to use the old PDE because the page table
  246                  * page is preserved by the promotion.
  247                  */
  248                 pa = KPTmap[i386_btop(va)];
  249                 pa = (pa & PG_FRAME) | (va & PAGE_MASK);
  250         }
  251         return (pa);
  252 }
  253 
  254 #ifdef PAE
  255 
  256 #define pde_cmpset(pdep, old, new) \
  257                                 atomic_cmpset_64((pdep), (old), (new))
  258 
  259 static __inline pt_entry_t
  260 pte_load(pt_entry_t *ptep)
  261 {
  262         pt_entry_t r;
  263 
  264         __asm __volatile(
  265             "lock; cmpxchg8b %1"
  266             : "=A" (r)
  267             : "m" (*ptep), "a" (0), "d" (0), "b" (0), "c" (0));
  268         return (r);
  269 }
  270 
  271 static __inline pt_entry_t
  272 pte_load_store(pt_entry_t *ptep, pt_entry_t v)
  273 {
  274         pt_entry_t r;
  275 
  276         r = *ptep;
  277         __asm __volatile(
  278             "1:\n"
  279             "\tlock; cmpxchg8b %1\n"
  280             "\tjnz 1b"
  281             : "+A" (r)
  282             : "m" (*ptep), "b" ((uint32_t)v), "c" ((uint32_t)(v >> 32)));
  283         return (r);
  284 }
  285 
  286 /* XXXRU move to atomic.h? */
  287 static __inline int
  288 atomic_cmpset_64(volatile uint64_t *dst, uint64_t exp, uint64_t src)
  289 {
  290         int64_t res = exp;
  291 
  292         __asm __volatile (
  293         "       lock ;                  "
  294         "       cmpxchg8b %2 ;          "
  295         "       setz    %%al ;          "
  296         "       movzbl  %%al,%0 ;       "
  297         "# atomic_cmpset_64"
  298         : "+A" (res),                   /* 0 (result) */
  299           "=m" (*dst)                   /* 1 */
  300         : "m" (*dst),                   /* 2 */
  301           "b" ((uint32_t)src),
  302           "c" ((uint32_t)(src >> 32)));
  303 
  304         return (res);
  305 }
  306 
  307 #define pte_load_clear(ptep)    pte_load_store((ptep), (pt_entry_t)0ULL)
  308 
  309 #define pte_store(ptep, pte)    pte_load_store((ptep), (pt_entry_t)pte)
  310 
  311 extern pt_entry_t pg_nx;
  312 
  313 #else /* PAE */
  314 
  315 #define pde_cmpset(pdep, old, new) \
  316                                 atomic_cmpset_int((pdep), (old), (new))
  317 
  318 static __inline pt_entry_t
  319 pte_load(pt_entry_t *ptep)
  320 {
  321         pt_entry_t r;
  322 
  323         r = *ptep;
  324         return (r);
  325 }
  326 
  327 static __inline pt_entry_t
  328 pte_load_store(pt_entry_t *ptep, pt_entry_t pte)
  329 {
  330         pt_entry_t r;
  331 
  332         __asm __volatile(
  333             "xchgl %0,%1"
  334             : "=m" (*ptep),
  335               "=r" (r)
  336             : "1" (pte),
  337               "m" (*ptep));
  338         return (r);
  339 }
  340 
  341 #define pte_load_clear(pte)     atomic_readandclear_int(pte)
  342 
  343 static __inline void
  344 pte_store(pt_entry_t *ptep, pt_entry_t pte)
  345 {
  346 
  347         *ptep = pte;
  348 }
  349 
  350 #endif /* PAE */
  351 
  352 #define pte_clear(ptep)         pte_store((ptep), (pt_entry_t)0ULL)
  353 
  354 #define pde_store(pdep, pde)    pte_store((pdep), (pde))
  355 
  356 #endif /* _KERNEL */
  357 
  358 /*
  359  * Pmap stuff
  360  */
  361 struct  pv_entry;
  362 struct  pv_chunk;
  363 
  364 struct md_page {
  365         int                     pat_mode;
  366         TAILQ_HEAD(,pv_entry)   pv_list;
  367 };
  368 
  369 struct pmap {
  370         struct mtx              pm_mtx;
  371         pd_entry_t              *pm_pdir;       /* KVA of page directory */
  372         TAILQ_HEAD(,pv_chunk)   pm_pvchunk;     /* list of mappings in pmap */
  373         u_int                   pm_active;      /* active on cpus */
  374         struct pmap_statistics  pm_stats;       /* pmap statistics */
  375         LIST_ENTRY(pmap)        pm_list;        /* List of all pmaps */
  376 #ifdef PAE
  377         pdpt_entry_t            *pm_pdpt;       /* KVA of page director pointer
  378                                                    table */
  379 #endif
  380         vm_page_t               pm_root;        /* spare page table pages */
  381 };
  382 
  383 typedef struct pmap     *pmap_t;
  384 
  385 #ifdef _KERNEL
  386 extern struct pmap      kernel_pmap_store;
  387 #define kernel_pmap     (&kernel_pmap_store)
  388 
  389 #define PMAP_LOCK(pmap)         mtx_lock(&(pmap)->pm_mtx)
  390 #define PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, type) \
  391                                 mtx_assert(&(pmap)->pm_mtx, (type))
  392 #define PMAP_LOCK_DESTROY(pmap) mtx_destroy(&(pmap)->pm_mtx)
  393 #define PMAP_LOCK_INIT(pmap)    mtx_init(&(pmap)->pm_mtx, "pmap", \
  394                                     NULL, MTX_DEF | MTX_DUPOK)
  395 #define PMAP_LOCKED(pmap)       mtx_owned(&(pmap)->pm_mtx)
  396 #define PMAP_MTX(pmap)          (&(pmap)->pm_mtx)
  397 #define PMAP_TRYLOCK(pmap)      mtx_trylock(&(pmap)->pm_mtx)
  398 #define PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap)       mtx_unlock(&(pmap)->pm_mtx)
  399 #endif
  400 
  401 /*
  402  * For each vm_page_t, there is a list of all currently valid virtual
  403  * mappings of that page.  An entry is a pv_entry_t, the list is pv_list.
  404  */
  405 typedef struct pv_entry {
  406         vm_offset_t     pv_va;          /* virtual address for mapping */
  407         TAILQ_ENTRY(pv_entry)   pv_list;
  408 } *pv_entry_t;
  409 
  410 /*
  411  * pv_entries are allocated in chunks per-process.  This avoids the
  412  * need to track per-pmap assignments.
  413  */
  414 #define _NPCM   11
  415 #define _NPCPV  336
  416 struct pv_chunk {
  417         pmap_t                  pc_pmap;
  418         TAILQ_ENTRY(pv_chunk)   pc_list;
  419         uint32_t                pc_map[_NPCM];  /* bitmap; 1 = free */
  420         uint32_t                pc_spare[2];
  421         struct pv_entry         pc_pventry[_NPCPV];
  422 };
  423 
  424 #ifdef  _KERNEL
  425 
  426 #define NPPROVMTRR              8
  427 #define PPRO_VMTRRphysBase0     0x200
  428 #define PPRO_VMTRRphysMask0     0x201
  429 struct ppro_vmtrr {
  430         u_int64_t base, mask;
  431 };
  432 extern struct ppro_vmtrr PPro_vmtrr[NPPROVMTRR];
  433 
  434 extern caddr_t  CADDR1;
  435 extern pt_entry_t *CMAP1;
  436 extern vm_paddr_t phys_avail[];
  437 extern vm_paddr_t dump_avail[];
  438 extern int pseflag;
  439 extern int pgeflag;
  440 extern char *ptvmmap;           /* poor name! */
  441 extern vm_offset_t virtual_avail;
  442 extern vm_offset_t virtual_end;
  443 
  444 #define pmap_page_get_memattr(m)        ((vm_memattr_t)(m)->md.pat_mode)
  445 #define pmap_unmapbios(va, sz)  pmap_unmapdev((va), (sz))
  446 
  447 /*
  448  * Only the following functions or macros may be used before pmap_bootstrap()
  449  * is called: pmap_kenter(), pmap_kextract(), pmap_kremove(), vtophys(), and
  450  * vtopte().
  451  */
  452 void    pmap_bootstrap(vm_paddr_t);
  453 int     pmap_cache_bits(int mode, boolean_t is_pde);
  454 int     pmap_change_attr(vm_offset_t, vm_size_t, int);
  455 void    pmap_init_pat(void);
  456 void    pmap_kenter(vm_offset_t va, vm_paddr_t pa);
  457 void    *pmap_kenter_temporary(vm_paddr_t pa, int i);
  458 void    pmap_kremove(vm_offset_t);
  459 void    *pmap_mapbios(vm_paddr_t, vm_size_t);
  460 void    *pmap_mapdev(vm_paddr_t, vm_size_t);
  461 void    *pmap_mapdev_attr(vm_paddr_t, vm_size_t, int);
  462 boolean_t pmap_page_is_mapped(vm_page_t m);
  463 void    pmap_page_set_memattr(vm_page_t m, vm_memattr_t ma);
  464 void    pmap_unmapdev(vm_offset_t, vm_size_t);
  465 pt_entry_t *pmap_pte(pmap_t, vm_offset_t) __pure2;
  466 void    pmap_set_pg(void);
  467 void    pmap_invalidate_page(pmap_t, vm_offset_t);
  468 void    pmap_invalidate_range(pmap_t, vm_offset_t, vm_offset_t);
  469 void    pmap_invalidate_all(pmap_t);
  470 void    pmap_invalidate_cache(void);
  471 void    pmap_invalidate_cache_range(vm_offset_t, vm_offset_t);
  472 
  473 #endif /* _KERNEL */
  474 
  475 #endif /* !LOCORE */
  476 
  477 #endif /* !_MACHINE_PMAP_H_ */

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