The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, Second Edition
Now available: The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System (Second Edition)


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FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/i386/include/pmap.h

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    1 /*-
    2  * Copyright (c) 1991 Regents of the University of California.
    3  * All rights reserved.
    4  *
    5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
    6  * the Systems Programming Group of the University of Utah Computer
    7  * Science Department and William Jolitz of UUNET Technologies Inc.
    8  *
    9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   11  * are met:
   12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
   18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
   19  *    without specific prior written permission.
   20  *
   21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
   22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
   30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
   32  *
   33  * Derived from hp300 version by Mike Hibler, this version by William
   34  * Jolitz uses a recursive map [a pde points to the page directory] to
   35  * map the page tables using the pagetables themselves. This is done to
   36  * reduce the impact on kernel virtual memory for lots of sparse address
   37  * space, and to reduce the cost of memory to each process.
   38  *
   39  *      from: hp300: @(#)pmap.h 7.2 (Berkeley) 12/16/90
   40  *      from: @(#)pmap.h        7.4 (Berkeley) 5/12/91
   41  * $FreeBSD: releng/8.0/sys/i386/include/pmap.h 196780 2009-09-03 13:54:58Z jhb $
   42  */
   43 
   44 #ifndef _MACHINE_PMAP_H_
   45 #define _MACHINE_PMAP_H_
   46 
   47 /*
   48  * Page-directory and page-table entries follow this format, with a few
   49  * of the fields not present here and there, depending on a lot of things.
   50  */
   51                                 /* ---- Intel Nomenclature ---- */
   52 #define PG_V            0x001   /* P    Valid                   */
   53 #define PG_RW           0x002   /* R/W  Read/Write              */
   54 #define PG_U            0x004   /* U/S  User/Supervisor         */
   55 #define PG_NC_PWT       0x008   /* PWT  Write through           */
   56 #define PG_NC_PCD       0x010   /* PCD  Cache disable           */
   57 #define PG_A            0x020   /* A    Accessed                */
   58 #define PG_M            0x040   /* D    Dirty                   */
   59 #define PG_PS           0x080   /* PS   Page size (0=4k,1=4M)   */
   60 #define PG_PTE_PAT      0x080   /* PAT  PAT index               */
   61 #define PG_G            0x100   /* G    Global                  */
   62 #define PG_AVAIL1       0x200   /*    / Available for system    */
   63 #define PG_AVAIL2       0x400   /*   <  programmers use         */
   64 #define PG_AVAIL3       0x800   /*    \                         */
   65 #define PG_PDE_PAT      0x1000  /* PAT  PAT index               */
   66 #ifdef PAE
   67 #define PG_NX           (1ull<<63) /* No-execute */
   68 #endif
   69 
   70 
   71 /* Our various interpretations of the above */
   72 #define PG_W            PG_AVAIL1       /* "Wired" pseudoflag */
   73 #define PG_MANAGED      PG_AVAIL2
   74 #ifdef PAE
   75 #define PG_FRAME        (0x000ffffffffff000ull)
   76 #define PG_PS_FRAME     (0x000fffffffe00000ull)
   77 #else
   78 #define PG_FRAME        (~PAGE_MASK)
   79 #define PG_PS_FRAME     (0xffc00000)
   80 #endif
   81 #define PG_PROT         (PG_RW|PG_U)    /* all protection bits . */
   82 #define PG_N            (PG_NC_PWT|PG_NC_PCD)   /* Non-cacheable */
   83 
   84 /* Page level cache control fields used to determine the PAT type */
   85 #define PG_PDE_CACHE    (PG_PDE_PAT | PG_NC_PWT | PG_NC_PCD)
   86 #define PG_PTE_CACHE    (PG_PTE_PAT | PG_NC_PWT | PG_NC_PCD)
   87 
   88 /*
   89  * Promotion to a 2 or 4MB (PDE) page mapping requires that the corresponding
   90  * 4KB (PTE) page mappings have identical settings for the following fields:
   91  */
   92 #define PG_PTE_PROMOTE  (PG_MANAGED | PG_W | PG_G | PG_PTE_PAT | \
   93             PG_M | PG_A | PG_NC_PCD | PG_NC_PWT | PG_U | PG_RW | PG_V)
   94 
   95 /*
   96  * Page Protection Exception bits
   97  */
   98 
   99 #define PGEX_P          0x01    /* Protection violation vs. not present */
  100 #define PGEX_W          0x02    /* during a Write cycle */
  101 #define PGEX_U          0x04    /* access from User mode (UPL) */
  102 #define PGEX_RSV        0x08    /* reserved PTE field is non-zero */
  103 #define PGEX_I          0x10    /* during an instruction fetch */
  104 
  105 /*
  106  * Size of Kernel address space.  This is the number of page table pages
  107  * (4MB each) to use for the kernel.  256 pages == 1 Gigabyte.
  108  * This **MUST** be a multiple of 4 (eg: 252, 256, 260, etc).
  109  * For PAE, the page table page unit size is 2MB.  This means that 512 pages
  110  * is 1 Gigabyte.  Double everything.  It must be a multiple of 8 for PAE.
  111  */
  112 #ifndef KVA_PAGES
  113 #ifdef PAE
  114 #define KVA_PAGES       512
  115 #else
  116 #define KVA_PAGES       256
  117 #endif
  118 #endif
  119 
  120 /*
  121  * Pte related macros
  122  */
  123 #define VADDR(pdi, pti) ((vm_offset_t)(((pdi)<<PDRSHIFT)|((pti)<<PAGE_SHIFT)))
  124 
  125 /* Initial number of kernel page tables. */
  126 #ifndef NKPT
  127 #ifdef PAE
  128 /* 152 page tables needed to map 16G (76B "struct vm_page", 2M page tables). */
  129 #define NKPT            240
  130 #else
  131 /* 18 page tables needed to map 4G (72B "struct vm_page", 4M page tables). */
  132 #define NKPT            30
  133 #endif
  134 #endif
  135 
  136 #ifndef NKPDE
  137 #define NKPDE   (KVA_PAGES)     /* number of page tables/pde's */
  138 #endif
  139 
  140 /*
  141  * The *PTDI values control the layout of virtual memory
  142  *
  143  * XXX This works for now, but I am not real happy with it, I'll fix it
  144  * right after I fix locore.s and the magic 28K hole
  145  */
  146 #define KPTDI           (NPDEPTD-NKPDE) /* start of kernel virtual pde's */
  147 #define PTDPTDI         (KPTDI-NPGPTD)  /* ptd entry that points to ptd! */
  148 
  149 /*
  150  * XXX doesn't really belong here I guess...
  151  */
  152 #define ISA_HOLE_START    0xa0000
  153 #define ISA_HOLE_LENGTH (0x100000-ISA_HOLE_START)
  154 
  155 #ifndef LOCORE
  156 
  157 #include <sys/queue.h>
  158 #include <sys/_lock.h>
  159 #include <sys/_mutex.h>
  160 
  161 #ifdef PAE
  162 
  163 typedef uint64_t pdpt_entry_t;
  164 typedef uint64_t pd_entry_t;
  165 typedef uint64_t pt_entry_t;
  166 
  167 #define PTESHIFT        (3)
  168 #define PDESHIFT        (3)
  169 
  170 #else
  171 
  172 typedef uint32_t pd_entry_t;
  173 typedef uint32_t pt_entry_t;
  174 
  175 #define PTESHIFT        (2)
  176 #define PDESHIFT        (2)
  177 
  178 #endif
  179 
  180 /*
  181  * Address of current address space page table maps and directories.
  182  */
  183 #ifdef _KERNEL
  184 extern pt_entry_t PTmap[];
  185 extern pd_entry_t PTD[];
  186 extern pd_entry_t PTDpde[];
  187 
  188 #ifdef PAE
  189 extern pdpt_entry_t *IdlePDPT;
  190 #endif
  191 extern pd_entry_t *IdlePTD;     /* physical address of "Idle" state directory */
  192 
  193 /*
  194  * virtual address to page table entry and
  195  * to physical address.
  196  * Note: these work recursively, thus vtopte of a pte will give
  197  * the corresponding pde that in turn maps it.
  198  */
  199 #define vtopte(va)      (PTmap + i386_btop(va))
  200 #define vtophys(va)     pmap_kextract((vm_offset_t)(va))
  201 
  202 #ifdef XEN
  203 #include <sys/param.h>
  204 #include <machine/xen/xen-os.h>
  205 #include <machine/xen/xenvar.h>
  206 #include <machine/xen/xenpmap.h>
  207 
  208 extern pt_entry_t pg_nx;
  209 
  210 #define PG_KERNEL  (PG_V | PG_A | PG_RW | PG_M)
  211 
  212 #define MACH_TO_VM_PAGE(ma) PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(xpmap_mtop((ma)))
  213 #define VM_PAGE_TO_MACH(m) xpmap_ptom(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS((m)))
  214 
  215 static __inline vm_paddr_t
  216 pmap_kextract_ma(vm_offset_t va)
  217 {
  218         vm_paddr_t ma;
  219         if ((ma = PTD[va >> PDRSHIFT]) & PG_PS) {
  220                 ma = (ma & ~(NBPDR - 1)) | (va & (NBPDR - 1));
  221         } else {
  222                 ma = (*vtopte(va) & PG_FRAME) | (va & PAGE_MASK);
  223         }
  224         return ma;
  225 }
  226 
  227 static __inline vm_paddr_t
  228 pmap_kextract(vm_offset_t va)
  229 {
  230         return xpmap_mtop(pmap_kextract_ma(va));
  231 }
  232 #define vtomach(va)     pmap_kextract_ma(((vm_offset_t) (va)))
  233 
  234 vm_paddr_t pmap_extract_ma(struct pmap *pmap, vm_offset_t va);
  235 
  236 void    pmap_kenter_ma(vm_offset_t va, vm_paddr_t pa);
  237 void    pmap_map_readonly(struct pmap *pmap, vm_offset_t va, int len);
  238 void    pmap_map_readwrite(struct pmap *pmap, vm_offset_t va, int len);
  239 
  240 static __inline pt_entry_t
  241 pte_load_store(pt_entry_t *ptep, pt_entry_t v)
  242 {
  243         pt_entry_t r;
  244 
  245         v = xpmap_ptom(v);
  246         r = *ptep;
  247         PT_SET_VA(ptep, v, TRUE);
  248         return (r);
  249 }
  250 
  251 static __inline pt_entry_t
  252 pte_load_store_ma(pt_entry_t *ptep, pt_entry_t v)
  253 {
  254         pt_entry_t r;
  255 
  256         r = *ptep;
  257         PT_SET_VA_MA(ptep, v, TRUE);
  258         return (r);
  259 }
  260 
  261 #define pte_load_clear(ptep)    pte_load_store((ptep), (pt_entry_t)0ULL)
  262 
  263 #define pte_store(ptep, pte)    pte_load_store((ptep), (pt_entry_t)pte)
  264 #define pte_store_ma(ptep, pte) pte_load_store_ma((ptep), (pt_entry_t)pte)
  265 #define pde_store_ma(ptep, pte) pte_load_store_ma((ptep), (pt_entry_t)pte)
  266 
  267 #elif !defined(XEN)
  268 /*
  269  *      Routine:        pmap_kextract
  270  *      Function:
  271  *              Extract the physical page address associated
  272  *              kernel virtual address.
  273  */
  274 static __inline vm_paddr_t
  275 pmap_kextract(vm_offset_t va)
  276 {
  277         vm_paddr_t pa;
  278 
  279         if ((pa = PTD[va >> PDRSHIFT]) & PG_PS) {
  280                 pa = (pa & PG_PS_FRAME) | (va & PDRMASK);
  281         } else {
  282                 pa = *vtopte(va);
  283                 pa = (pa & PG_FRAME) | (va & PAGE_MASK);
  284         }
  285         return pa;
  286 }
  287 
  288 #define PT_UPDATES_FLUSH()
  289 #endif
  290 
  291 #if defined(PAE) && !defined(XEN)
  292 
  293 #define pde_cmpset(pdep, old, new) \
  294                                 atomic_cmpset_64((pdep), (old), (new))
  295 
  296 static __inline pt_entry_t
  297 pte_load(pt_entry_t *ptep)
  298 {
  299         pt_entry_t r;
  300 
  301         __asm __volatile(
  302             "lock; cmpxchg8b %1"
  303             : "=A" (r)
  304             : "m" (*ptep), "a" (0), "d" (0), "b" (0), "c" (0));
  305         return (r);
  306 }
  307 
  308 static __inline pt_entry_t
  309 pte_load_store(pt_entry_t *ptep, pt_entry_t v)
  310 {
  311         pt_entry_t r;
  312 
  313         r = *ptep;
  314         __asm __volatile(
  315             "1:\n"
  316             "\tlock; cmpxchg8b %1\n"
  317             "\tjnz 1b"
  318             : "+A" (r)
  319             : "m" (*ptep), "b" ((uint32_t)v), "c" ((uint32_t)(v >> 32)));
  320         return (r);
  321 }
  322 
  323 /* XXXRU move to atomic.h? */
  324 static __inline int
  325 atomic_cmpset_64(volatile uint64_t *dst, uint64_t exp, uint64_t src)
  326 {
  327         int64_t res = exp;
  328 
  329         __asm __volatile (
  330         "       lock ;                  "
  331         "       cmpxchg8b %2 ;          "
  332         "       setz    %%al ;          "
  333         "       movzbl  %%al,%0 ;       "
  334         "# atomic_cmpset_64"
  335         : "+A" (res),                   /* 0 (result) */
  336           "=m" (*dst)                   /* 1 */
  337         : "m" (*dst),                   /* 2 */
  338           "b" ((uint32_t)src),
  339           "c" ((uint32_t)(src >> 32)));
  340 
  341         return (res);
  342 }
  343 
  344 #define pte_load_clear(ptep)    pte_load_store((ptep), (pt_entry_t)0ULL)
  345 
  346 #define pte_store(ptep, pte)    pte_load_store((ptep), (pt_entry_t)pte)
  347 
  348 extern pt_entry_t pg_nx;
  349 
  350 #elif !defined(PAE) && !defined (XEN)
  351 
  352 #define pde_cmpset(pdep, old, new) \
  353                                 atomic_cmpset_int((pdep), (old), (new))
  354 
  355 static __inline pt_entry_t
  356 pte_load(pt_entry_t *ptep)
  357 {
  358         pt_entry_t r;
  359 
  360         r = *ptep;
  361         return (r);
  362 }
  363 
  364 static __inline pt_entry_t
  365 pte_load_store(pt_entry_t *ptep, pt_entry_t pte)
  366 {
  367         __asm volatile("xchgl %0, %1" : "+m" (*ptep), "+r" (pte));
  368         return (pte);
  369 }
  370 
  371 #define pte_load_clear(pte)     atomic_readandclear_int(pte)
  372 
  373 static __inline void
  374 pte_store(pt_entry_t *ptep, pt_entry_t pte)
  375 {
  376 
  377         *ptep = pte;
  378 }
  379 
  380 #endif /* PAE */
  381 
  382 #define pte_clear(ptep)         pte_store((ptep), (pt_entry_t)0ULL)
  383 
  384 #define pde_store(pdep, pde)    pte_store((pdep), (pde))
  385 
  386 #endif /* _KERNEL */
  387 
  388 /*
  389  * Pmap stuff
  390  */
  391 struct  pv_entry;
  392 struct  pv_chunk;
  393 
  394 struct md_page {
  395         TAILQ_HEAD(,pv_entry)   pv_list;
  396         int                     pat_mode;
  397 };
  398 
  399 struct pmap {
  400         struct mtx              pm_mtx;
  401         pd_entry_t              *pm_pdir;       /* KVA of page directory */
  402         TAILQ_HEAD(,pv_chunk)   pm_pvchunk;     /* list of mappings in pmap */
  403         u_int                   pm_active;      /* active on cpus */
  404         struct pmap_statistics  pm_stats;       /* pmap statistics */
  405         LIST_ENTRY(pmap)        pm_list;        /* List of all pmaps */
  406 #ifdef PAE
  407         pdpt_entry_t            *pm_pdpt;       /* KVA of page director pointer
  408                                                    table */
  409 #endif
  410         vm_page_t               pm_root;        /* spare page table pages */
  411 };
  412 
  413 typedef struct pmap     *pmap_t;
  414 
  415 #ifdef _KERNEL
  416 extern struct pmap      kernel_pmap_store;
  417 #define kernel_pmap     (&kernel_pmap_store)
  418 
  419 #define PMAP_LOCK(pmap)         mtx_lock(&(pmap)->pm_mtx)
  420 #define PMAP_LOCK_ASSERT(pmap, type) \
  421                                 mtx_assert(&(pmap)->pm_mtx, (type))
  422 #define PMAP_LOCK_DESTROY(pmap) mtx_destroy(&(pmap)->pm_mtx)
  423 #define PMAP_LOCK_INIT(pmap)    mtx_init(&(pmap)->pm_mtx, "pmap", \
  424                                     NULL, MTX_DEF | MTX_DUPOK)
  425 #define PMAP_LOCKED(pmap)       mtx_owned(&(pmap)->pm_mtx)
  426 #define PMAP_MTX(pmap)          (&(pmap)->pm_mtx)
  427 #define PMAP_TRYLOCK(pmap)      mtx_trylock(&(pmap)->pm_mtx)
  428 #define PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap)       mtx_unlock(&(pmap)->pm_mtx)
  429 #endif
  430 
  431 /*
  432  * For each vm_page_t, there is a list of all currently valid virtual
  433  * mappings of that page.  An entry is a pv_entry_t, the list is pv_list.
  434  */
  435 typedef struct pv_entry {
  436         vm_offset_t     pv_va;          /* virtual address for mapping */
  437         TAILQ_ENTRY(pv_entry)   pv_list;
  438 } *pv_entry_t;
  439 
  440 /*
  441  * pv_entries are allocated in chunks per-process.  This avoids the
  442  * need to track per-pmap assignments.
  443  */
  444 #define _NPCM   11
  445 #define _NPCPV  336
  446 struct pv_chunk {
  447         pmap_t                  pc_pmap;
  448         TAILQ_ENTRY(pv_chunk)   pc_list;
  449         uint32_t                pc_map[_NPCM];  /* bitmap; 1 = free */
  450         uint32_t                pc_spare[2];
  451         struct pv_entry         pc_pventry[_NPCPV];
  452 };
  453 
  454 #ifdef  _KERNEL
  455 
  456 extern caddr_t  CADDR1;
  457 extern pt_entry_t *CMAP1;
  458 extern vm_paddr_t phys_avail[];
  459 extern vm_paddr_t dump_avail[];
  460 extern int pseflag;
  461 extern int pgeflag;
  462 extern char *ptvmmap;           /* poor name! */
  463 extern vm_offset_t virtual_avail;
  464 extern vm_offset_t virtual_end;
  465 
  466 #define pmap_page_get_memattr(m)        ((vm_memattr_t)(m)->md.pat_mode)
  467 #define pmap_unmapbios(va, sz)  pmap_unmapdev((va), (sz))
  468 
  469 void    pmap_bootstrap(vm_paddr_t);
  470 int     pmap_cache_bits(int mode, boolean_t is_pde);
  471 int     pmap_change_attr(vm_offset_t, vm_size_t, int);
  472 void    pmap_init_pat(void);
  473 void    pmap_kenter(vm_offset_t va, vm_paddr_t pa);
  474 void    *pmap_kenter_temporary(vm_paddr_t pa, int i);
  475 void    pmap_kremove(vm_offset_t);
  476 void    *pmap_mapbios(vm_paddr_t, vm_size_t);
  477 void    *pmap_mapdev(vm_paddr_t, vm_size_t);
  478 void    *pmap_mapdev_attr(vm_paddr_t, vm_size_t, int);
  479 boolean_t pmap_page_is_mapped(vm_page_t m);
  480 void    pmap_page_set_memattr(vm_page_t m, vm_memattr_t ma);
  481 void    pmap_unmapdev(vm_offset_t, vm_size_t);
  482 pt_entry_t *pmap_pte(pmap_t, vm_offset_t) __pure2;
  483 void    pmap_set_pg(void);
  484 void    pmap_invalidate_page(pmap_t, vm_offset_t);
  485 void    pmap_invalidate_range(pmap_t, vm_offset_t, vm_offset_t);
  486 void    pmap_invalidate_all(pmap_t);
  487 void    pmap_invalidate_cache(void);
  488 void    pmap_invalidate_cache_range(vm_offset_t, vm_offset_t);
  489 
  490 #endif /* _KERNEL */
  491 
  492 #endif /* !LOCORE */
  493 
  494 #endif /* !_MACHINE_PMAP_H_ */

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