FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/i386/isa/clock.c
1 /*-
2 * Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
3 * All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 * William Jolitz and Don Ahn.
7 *
8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10 * are met:
11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18 * without specific prior written permission.
19 *
20 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30 * SUCH DAMAGE.
31 *
32 * from: @(#)clock.c 7.2 (Berkeley) 5/12/91
33 */
34
35 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
36 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD: releng/8.1/sys/i386/isa/clock.c 207137 2010-04-24 00:49:19Z attilio $");
37
38 /*
39 * Routines to handle clock hardware.
40 */
41
42 #include "opt_apic.h"
43 #include "opt_clock.h"
44 #include "opt_kdtrace.h"
45 #include "opt_isa.h"
46 #include "opt_mca.h"
47 #include "opt_xbox.h"
48
49 #include <sys/param.h>
50 #include <sys/systm.h>
51 #include <sys/bus.h>
52 #include <sys/lock.h>
53 #include <sys/kdb.h>
54 #include <sys/mutex.h>
55 #include <sys/proc.h>
56 #include <sys/timetc.h>
57 #include <sys/kernel.h>
58 #include <sys/module.h>
59 #include <sys/sched.h>
60 #include <sys/smp.h>
61 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
62
63 #include <machine/clock.h>
64 #include <machine/cpu.h>
65 #include <machine/frame.h>
66 #include <machine/intr_machdep.h>
67 #include <machine/md_var.h>
68 #include <machine/apicvar.h>
69 #include <machine/ppireg.h>
70 #include <machine/timerreg.h>
71 #include <machine/smp.h>
72
73 #include <isa/rtc.h>
74 #ifdef DEV_ISA
75 #include <isa/isareg.h>
76 #include <isa/isavar.h>
77 #endif
78
79 #ifdef DEV_MCA
80 #include <i386/bios/mca_machdep.h>
81 #endif
82
83 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
84 #include <sys/dtrace_bsd.h>
85 #endif
86
87 #define TIMER_DIV(x) ((i8254_freq + (x) / 2) / (x))
88
89 int clkintr_pending;
90 static int pscnt = 1;
91 static int psdiv = 1;
92 #ifndef TIMER_FREQ
93 #define TIMER_FREQ 1193182
94 #endif
95 u_int i8254_freq = TIMER_FREQ;
96 TUNABLE_INT("hw.i8254.freq", &i8254_freq);
97 int i8254_max_count;
98 static int i8254_real_max_count;
99
100 static int lapic_allclocks = 1;
101 TUNABLE_INT("machdep.lapic_allclocks", &lapic_allclocks);
102
103 struct mtx clock_lock;
104 static struct intsrc *i8254_intsrc;
105 static u_int32_t i8254_lastcount;
106 static u_int32_t i8254_offset;
107 static int (*i8254_pending)(struct intsrc *);
108 static int i8254_ticked;
109 static int using_atrtc_timer;
110 static enum lapic_clock using_lapic_timer = LAPIC_CLOCK_NONE;
111
112 /* Values for timerX_state: */
113 #define RELEASED 0
114 #define RELEASE_PENDING 1
115 #define ACQUIRED 2
116 #define ACQUIRE_PENDING 3
117
118 static u_char timer2_state;
119
120 static unsigned i8254_get_timecount(struct timecounter *tc);
121 static unsigned i8254_simple_get_timecount(struct timecounter *tc);
122 static void set_i8254_freq(u_int freq, int intr_freq);
123
124 static struct timecounter i8254_timecounter = {
125 i8254_get_timecount, /* get_timecount */
126 0, /* no poll_pps */
127 ~0u, /* counter_mask */
128 0, /* frequency */
129 "i8254", /* name */
130 0 /* quality */
131 };
132
133 int
134 hardclockintr(struct trapframe *frame)
135 {
136
137 if (PCPU_GET(cpuid) == 0)
138 hardclock(TRAPF_USERMODE(frame), TRAPF_PC(frame));
139 else
140 hardclock_cpu(TRAPF_USERMODE(frame));
141 return (FILTER_HANDLED);
142 }
143
144 int
145 statclockintr(struct trapframe *frame)
146 {
147
148 profclockintr(frame);
149 statclock(TRAPF_USERMODE(frame));
150 return (FILTER_HANDLED);
151 }
152
153 int
154 profclockintr(struct trapframe *frame)
155 {
156
157 if (!using_atrtc_timer)
158 hardclockintr(frame);
159 if (profprocs != 0)
160 profclock(TRAPF_USERMODE(frame), TRAPF_PC(frame));
161 return (FILTER_HANDLED);
162 }
163
164 static int
165 clkintr(struct trapframe *frame)
166 {
167
168 if (timecounter->tc_get_timecount == i8254_get_timecount) {
169 mtx_lock_spin(&clock_lock);
170 if (i8254_ticked)
171 i8254_ticked = 0;
172 else {
173 i8254_offset += i8254_max_count;
174 i8254_lastcount = 0;
175 }
176 clkintr_pending = 0;
177 mtx_unlock_spin(&clock_lock);
178 }
179 KASSERT(using_lapic_timer == LAPIC_CLOCK_NONE,
180 ("clk interrupt enabled with lapic timer"));
181
182 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
183 /*
184 * If the DTrace hooks are configured and a callback function
185 * has been registered, then call it to process the high speed
186 * timers.
187 */
188 int cpu = PCPU_GET(cpuid);
189 if (lapic_cyclic_clock_func[cpu] != NULL)
190 (*lapic_cyclic_clock_func[cpu])(frame);
191 #endif
192
193 if (using_atrtc_timer) {
194 #ifdef SMP
195 if (smp_started)
196 ipi_all_but_self(IPI_HARDCLOCK);
197 #endif
198 hardclockintr(frame);
199 } else {
200 if (--pscnt <= 0) {
201 pscnt = psratio;
202 #ifdef SMP
203 if (smp_started)
204 ipi_all_but_self(IPI_STATCLOCK);
205 #endif
206 statclockintr(frame);
207 } else {
208 #ifdef SMP
209 if (smp_started)
210 ipi_all_but_self(IPI_PROFCLOCK);
211 #endif
212 profclockintr(frame);
213 }
214 }
215
216 #ifdef DEV_MCA
217 /* Reset clock interrupt by asserting bit 7 of port 0x61 */
218 if (MCA_system)
219 outb(0x61, inb(0x61) | 0x80);
220 #endif
221 return (FILTER_HANDLED);
222 }
223
224 int
225 timer_spkr_acquire(void)
226 {
227 int mode;
228
229 mode = TIMER_SEL2 | TIMER_SQWAVE | TIMER_16BIT;
230
231 if (timer2_state != RELEASED)
232 return (-1);
233 timer2_state = ACQUIRED;
234
235 /*
236 * This access to the timer registers is as atomic as possible
237 * because it is a single instruction. We could do better if we
238 * knew the rate. Use of splclock() limits glitches to 10-100us,
239 * and this is probably good enough for timer2, so we aren't as
240 * careful with it as with timer0.
241 */
242 outb(TIMER_MODE, TIMER_SEL2 | (mode & 0x3f));
243 ppi_spkr_on(); /* enable counter2 output to speaker */
244 return (0);
245 }
246
247 int
248 timer_spkr_release(void)
249 {
250
251 if (timer2_state != ACQUIRED)
252 return (-1);
253 timer2_state = RELEASED;
254 outb(TIMER_MODE, TIMER_SEL2 | TIMER_SQWAVE | TIMER_16BIT);
255 ppi_spkr_off(); /* disable counter2 output to speaker */
256 return (0);
257 }
258
259 void
260 timer_spkr_setfreq(int freq)
261 {
262
263 freq = i8254_freq / freq;
264 mtx_lock_spin(&clock_lock);
265 outb(TIMER_CNTR2, freq & 0xff);
266 outb(TIMER_CNTR2, freq >> 8);
267 mtx_unlock_spin(&clock_lock);
268 }
269
270 /*
271 * This routine receives statistical clock interrupts from the RTC.
272 * As explained above, these occur at 128 interrupts per second.
273 * When profiling, we receive interrupts at a rate of 1024 Hz.
274 *
275 * This does not actually add as much overhead as it sounds, because
276 * when the statistical clock is active, the hardclock driver no longer
277 * needs to keep (inaccurate) statistics on its own. This decouples
278 * statistics gathering from scheduling interrupts.
279 *
280 * The RTC chip requires that we read status register C (RTC_INTR)
281 * to acknowledge an interrupt, before it will generate the next one.
282 * Under high interrupt load, rtcintr() can be indefinitely delayed and
283 * the clock can tick immediately after the read from RTC_INTR. In this
284 * case, the mc146818A interrupt signal will not drop for long enough
285 * to register with the 8259 PIC. If an interrupt is missed, the stat
286 * clock will halt, considerably degrading system performance. This is
287 * why we use 'while' rather than a more straightforward 'if' below.
288 * Stat clock ticks can still be lost, causing minor loss of accuracy
289 * in the statistics, but the stat clock will no longer stop.
290 */
291 static int
292 rtcintr(struct trapframe *frame)
293 {
294 int flag = 0;
295
296 while (rtcin(RTC_INTR) & RTCIR_PERIOD) {
297 flag = 1;
298 if (--pscnt <= 0) {
299 pscnt = psdiv;
300 #ifdef SMP
301 if (smp_started)
302 ipi_all_but_self(IPI_STATCLOCK);
303 #endif
304 statclockintr(frame);
305 } else {
306 #ifdef SMP
307 if (smp_started)
308 ipi_all_but_self(IPI_PROFCLOCK);
309 #endif
310 profclockintr(frame);
311 }
312 }
313 return(flag ? FILTER_HANDLED : FILTER_STRAY);
314 }
315
316 static int
317 getit(void)
318 {
319 int high, low;
320
321 mtx_lock_spin(&clock_lock);
322
323 /* Select timer0 and latch counter value. */
324 outb(TIMER_MODE, TIMER_SEL0 | TIMER_LATCH);
325
326 low = inb(TIMER_CNTR0);
327 high = inb(TIMER_CNTR0);
328
329 mtx_unlock_spin(&clock_lock);
330 return ((high << 8) | low);
331 }
332
333 /*
334 * Wait "n" microseconds.
335 * Relies on timer 1 counting down from (i8254_freq / hz)
336 * Note: timer had better have been programmed before this is first used!
337 */
338 void
339 DELAY(int n)
340 {
341 int delta, prev_tick, tick, ticks_left;
342
343 #ifdef DELAYDEBUG
344 int getit_calls = 1;
345 int n1;
346 static int state = 0;
347 #endif
348
349 if (tsc_freq != 0 && !tsc_is_broken) {
350 uint64_t start, end, now;
351
352 sched_pin();
353 start = rdtsc();
354 end = start + (tsc_freq * n) / 1000000;
355 do {
356 cpu_spinwait();
357 now = rdtsc();
358 } while (now < end || (now > start && end < start));
359 sched_unpin();
360 return;
361 }
362 #ifdef DELAYDEBUG
363 if (state == 0) {
364 state = 1;
365 for (n1 = 1; n1 <= 10000000; n1 *= 10)
366 DELAY(n1);
367 state = 2;
368 }
369 if (state == 1)
370 printf("DELAY(%d)...", n);
371 #endif
372 /*
373 * Read the counter first, so that the rest of the setup overhead is
374 * counted. Guess the initial overhead is 20 usec (on most systems it
375 * takes about 1.5 usec for each of the i/o's in getit(). The loop
376 * takes about 6 usec on a 486/33 and 13 usec on a 386/20. The
377 * multiplications and divisions to scale the count take a while).
378 *
379 * However, if ddb is active then use a fake counter since reading
380 * the i8254 counter involves acquiring a lock. ddb must not do
381 * locking for many reasons, but it calls here for at least atkbd
382 * input.
383 */
384 #ifdef KDB
385 if (kdb_active)
386 prev_tick = 1;
387 else
388 #endif
389 prev_tick = getit();
390 n -= 0; /* XXX actually guess no initial overhead */
391 /*
392 * Calculate (n * (i8254_freq / 1e6)) without using floating point
393 * and without any avoidable overflows.
394 */
395 if (n <= 0)
396 ticks_left = 0;
397 else if (n < 256)
398 /*
399 * Use fixed point to avoid a slow division by 1000000.
400 * 39099 = 1193182 * 2^15 / 10^6 rounded to nearest.
401 * 2^15 is the first power of 2 that gives exact results
402 * for n between 0 and 256.
403 */
404 ticks_left = ((u_int)n * 39099 + (1 << 15) - 1) >> 15;
405 else
406 /*
407 * Don't bother using fixed point, although gcc-2.7.2
408 * generates particularly poor code for the long long
409 * division, since even the slow way will complete long
410 * before the delay is up (unless we're interrupted).
411 */
412 ticks_left = ((u_int)n * (long long)i8254_freq + 999999)
413 / 1000000;
414
415 while (ticks_left > 0) {
416 #ifdef KDB
417 if (kdb_active) {
418 inb(0x84);
419 tick = prev_tick - 1;
420 if (tick <= 0)
421 tick = i8254_max_count;
422 } else
423 #endif
424 tick = getit();
425 #ifdef DELAYDEBUG
426 ++getit_calls;
427 #endif
428 delta = prev_tick - tick;
429 prev_tick = tick;
430 if (delta < 0) {
431 delta += i8254_max_count;
432 /*
433 * Guard against i8254_max_count being wrong.
434 * This shouldn't happen in normal operation,
435 * but it may happen if set_i8254_freq() is
436 * traced.
437 */
438 if (delta < 0)
439 delta = 0;
440 }
441 ticks_left -= delta;
442 }
443 #ifdef DELAYDEBUG
444 if (state == 1)
445 printf(" %d calls to getit() at %d usec each\n",
446 getit_calls, (n + 5) / getit_calls);
447 #endif
448 }
449
450 static void
451 set_i8254_freq(u_int freq, int intr_freq)
452 {
453 int new_i8254_real_max_count;
454
455 i8254_timecounter.tc_frequency = freq;
456 mtx_lock_spin(&clock_lock);
457 i8254_freq = freq;
458 if (using_lapic_timer != LAPIC_CLOCK_NONE)
459 new_i8254_real_max_count = 0x10000;
460 else
461 new_i8254_real_max_count = TIMER_DIV(intr_freq);
462 if (new_i8254_real_max_count != i8254_real_max_count) {
463 i8254_real_max_count = new_i8254_real_max_count;
464 if (i8254_real_max_count == 0x10000)
465 i8254_max_count = 0xffff;
466 else
467 i8254_max_count = i8254_real_max_count;
468 outb(TIMER_MODE, TIMER_SEL0 | TIMER_RATEGEN | TIMER_16BIT);
469 outb(TIMER_CNTR0, i8254_real_max_count & 0xff);
470 outb(TIMER_CNTR0, i8254_real_max_count >> 8);
471 }
472 mtx_unlock_spin(&clock_lock);
473 }
474
475 static void
476 i8254_restore(void)
477 {
478
479 mtx_lock_spin(&clock_lock);
480 outb(TIMER_MODE, TIMER_SEL0 | TIMER_RATEGEN | TIMER_16BIT);
481 outb(TIMER_CNTR0, i8254_real_max_count & 0xff);
482 outb(TIMER_CNTR0, i8254_real_max_count >> 8);
483 mtx_unlock_spin(&clock_lock);
484 }
485
486 /*
487 * Restore all the timers non-atomically (XXX: should be atomically).
488 *
489 * This function is called from pmtimer_resume() to restore all the timers.
490 * This should not be necessary, but there are broken laptops that do not
491 * restore all the timers on resume.
492 */
493 void
494 timer_restore(void)
495 {
496
497 i8254_restore(); /* restore i8254_freq and hz */
498 atrtc_restore(); /* reenable RTC interrupts */
499 }
500
501 /* This is separate from startrtclock() so that it can be called early. */
502 void
503 i8254_init(void)
504 {
505
506 mtx_init(&clock_lock, "clk", NULL, MTX_SPIN | MTX_NOPROFILE);
507 set_i8254_freq(i8254_freq, hz);
508 }
509
510 void
511 startrtclock()
512 {
513
514 atrtc_start();
515
516 set_i8254_freq(i8254_freq, hz);
517 tc_init(&i8254_timecounter);
518
519 init_TSC();
520 }
521
522 /*
523 * Start both clocks running.
524 */
525 void
526 cpu_initclocks()
527 {
528 #ifdef DEV_APIC
529 enum lapic_clock tlsca;
530 #endif
531 int tasc;
532
533 /* Initialize RTC. */
534 atrtc_start();
535 tasc = atrtc_setup_clock();
536
537 /*
538 * If the atrtc successfully initialized and the users didn't force
539 * otherwise use the LAPIC in order to cater hardclock only, otherwise
540 * take in charge all the clock sources.
541 */
542 #ifdef DEV_APIC
543 tlsca = (lapic_allclocks == 0 && tasc != 0) ? LAPIC_CLOCK_HARDCLOCK :
544 LAPIC_CLOCK_ALL;
545 using_lapic_timer = lapic_setup_clock(tlsca);
546 #endif
547 /*
548 * If we aren't using the local APIC timer to drive the kernel
549 * clocks, setup the interrupt handler for the 8254 timer 0 so
550 * that it can drive hardclock(). Otherwise, change the 8254
551 * timecounter to user a simpler algorithm.
552 */
553 if (using_lapic_timer == LAPIC_CLOCK_NONE) {
554 intr_add_handler("clk", 0, (driver_filter_t *)clkintr, NULL,
555 NULL, INTR_TYPE_CLK, NULL);
556 i8254_intsrc = intr_lookup_source(0);
557 if (i8254_intsrc != NULL)
558 i8254_pending =
559 i8254_intsrc->is_pic->pic_source_pending;
560 } else {
561 i8254_timecounter.tc_get_timecount =
562 i8254_simple_get_timecount;
563 i8254_timecounter.tc_counter_mask = 0xffff;
564 set_i8254_freq(i8254_freq, hz);
565 }
566
567 /*
568 * If the separate statistics clock hasn't been explicility disabled
569 * and we aren't already using the local APIC timer to drive the
570 * kernel clocks, then setup the RTC to periodically interrupt to
571 * drive statclock() and profclock().
572 */
573 if (using_lapic_timer != LAPIC_CLOCK_ALL) {
574 using_atrtc_timer = tasc;
575 if (using_atrtc_timer) {
576 /* Enable periodic interrupts from the RTC. */
577 intr_add_handler("rtc", 8,
578 (driver_filter_t *)rtcintr, NULL, NULL,
579 INTR_TYPE_CLK, NULL);
580 atrtc_enable_intr();
581 } else {
582 profhz = hz;
583 if (hz < 128)
584 stathz = hz;
585 else
586 stathz = hz / (hz / 128);
587 }
588 }
589
590 init_TSC_tc();
591 }
592
593 void
594 cpu_startprofclock(void)
595 {
596
597 if (using_lapic_timer == LAPIC_CLOCK_ALL || !using_atrtc_timer)
598 return;
599 atrtc_rate(RTCSA_PROF);
600 psdiv = pscnt = psratio;
601 }
602
603 void
604 cpu_stopprofclock(void)
605 {
606
607 if (using_lapic_timer == LAPIC_CLOCK_ALL || !using_atrtc_timer)
608 return;
609 atrtc_rate(RTCSA_NOPROF);
610 psdiv = pscnt = 1;
611 }
612
613 static int
614 sysctl_machdep_i8254_freq(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
615 {
616 int error;
617 u_int freq;
618
619 /*
620 * Use `i8254' instead of `timer' in external names because `timer'
621 * is is too generic. Should use it everywhere.
622 */
623 freq = i8254_freq;
624 error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &freq, 0, req);
625 if (error == 0 && req->newptr != NULL)
626 set_i8254_freq(freq, hz);
627 return (error);
628 }
629
630 SYSCTL_PROC(_machdep, OID_AUTO, i8254_freq, CTLTYPE_INT | CTLFLAG_RW,
631 0, sizeof(u_int), sysctl_machdep_i8254_freq, "IU", "");
632
633 static unsigned
634 i8254_simple_get_timecount(struct timecounter *tc)
635 {
636
637 return (i8254_max_count - getit());
638 }
639
640 static unsigned
641 i8254_get_timecount(struct timecounter *tc)
642 {
643 u_int count;
644 u_int high, low;
645 u_int eflags;
646
647 eflags = read_eflags();
648 mtx_lock_spin(&clock_lock);
649
650 /* Select timer0 and latch counter value. */
651 outb(TIMER_MODE, TIMER_SEL0 | TIMER_LATCH);
652
653 low = inb(TIMER_CNTR0);
654 high = inb(TIMER_CNTR0);
655 count = i8254_max_count - ((high << 8) | low);
656 if (count < i8254_lastcount ||
657 (!i8254_ticked && (clkintr_pending ||
658 ((count < 20 || (!(eflags & PSL_I) &&
659 count < i8254_max_count / 2u)) &&
660 i8254_pending != NULL && i8254_pending(i8254_intsrc))))) {
661 i8254_ticked = 1;
662 i8254_offset += i8254_max_count;
663 }
664 i8254_lastcount = count;
665 count += i8254_offset;
666 mtx_unlock_spin(&clock_lock);
667 return (count);
668 }
669
670 #ifdef DEV_ISA
671 /*
672 * Attach to the ISA PnP descriptors for the timer
673 */
674 static struct isa_pnp_id attimer_ids[] = {
675 { 0x0001d041 /* PNP0100 */, "AT timer" },
676 { 0 }
677 };
678
679 static int
680 attimer_probe(device_t dev)
681 {
682 int result;
683
684 result = ISA_PNP_PROBE(device_get_parent(dev), dev, attimer_ids);
685 if (result <= 0)
686 device_quiet(dev);
687 return(result);
688 }
689
690 static int
691 attimer_attach(device_t dev)
692 {
693 return(0);
694 }
695
696 static device_method_t attimer_methods[] = {
697 /* Device interface */
698 DEVMETHOD(device_probe, attimer_probe),
699 DEVMETHOD(device_attach, attimer_attach),
700 DEVMETHOD(device_detach, bus_generic_detach),
701 DEVMETHOD(device_shutdown, bus_generic_shutdown),
702 DEVMETHOD(device_suspend, bus_generic_suspend),
703 DEVMETHOD(device_resume, bus_generic_resume),
704 { 0, 0 }
705 };
706
707 static driver_t attimer_driver = {
708 "attimer",
709 attimer_methods,
710 1, /* no softc */
711 };
712
713 static devclass_t attimer_devclass;
714
715 DRIVER_MODULE(attimer, isa, attimer_driver, attimer_devclass, 0, 0);
716 DRIVER_MODULE(attimer, acpi, attimer_driver, attimer_devclass, 0, 0);
717
718 #endif /* DEV_ISA */
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