The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, Second Edition
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FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/kern/init_main.c

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    1 /*
    2  * Copyright (c) 1995 Terrence R. Lambert
    3  * All rights reserved.
    4  *
    5  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993
    6  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
    7  * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
    8  * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
    9  * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
   10  * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
   11  * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
   12  *
   13  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   14  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   15  * are met:
   16  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   18  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   19  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   20  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   21  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
   22  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
   23  *      This product includes software developed by the University of
   24  *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
   25  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
   26  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
   27  *    without specific prior written permission.
   28  *
   29  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
   30  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   31  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   32  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   33  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   34  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   35  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   36  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   37  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
   38  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   39  * SUCH DAMAGE.
   40  *
   41  *      @(#)init_main.c 8.9 (Berkeley) 1/21/94
   42  * $FreeBSD$
   43  */
   44 
   45 #include "opt_init_path.h"
   46 
   47 #include <sys/param.h>
   48 #include <sys/file.h>
   49 #include <sys/filedesc.h>
   50 #include <sys/kernel.h>
   51 #include <sys/mount.h>
   52 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
   53 #include <sys/proc.h>
   54 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
   55 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
   56 #include <sys/systm.h>
   57 #include <sys/vnode.h>
   58 #include <sys/sysent.h>
   59 #include <sys/reboot.h>
   60 #include <sys/sysproto.h>
   61 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
   62 #include <sys/unistd.h>
   63 #include <sys/malloc.h>
   64 
   65 #include <machine/cpu.h>
   66 
   67 #include <vm/vm.h>
   68 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
   69 #include <sys/lock.h>
   70 #include <vm/pmap.h>
   71 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
   72 #include <sys/user.h>
   73 #include <sys/copyright.h>
   74 
   75 extern struct linker_set        sysinit_set;    /* XXX */
   76 
   77 void mi_startup(void);                          /* Should be elsewhere */
   78 
   79 /* Components of the first process -- never freed. */
   80 static struct session session0;
   81 static struct pgrp pgrp0;
   82 struct  proc proc0;
   83 static struct pcred cred0;
   84 static struct procsig procsig0;
   85 static struct filedesc0 filedesc0;
   86 static struct plimit limit0;
   87 static struct vmspace vmspace0;
   88 struct  proc *initproc;
   89 
   90 int cmask = CMASK;
   91 extern  struct user *proc0paddr;
   92 extern int fallback_elf_brand;
   93 
   94 struct  vnode *rootvp;
   95 int     boothowto = 0;          /* initialized so that it can be patched */
   96 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, boothowto, CTLFLAG_RD, &boothowto, 0, "");
   97 
   98 /*
   99  * This ensures that there is at least one entry so that the sysinit_set
  100  * symbol is not undefined.  A sybsystem ID of SI_SUB_DUMMY is never
  101  * executed.
  102  */
  103 SYSINIT(placeholder, SI_SUB_DUMMY, SI_ORDER_ANY, NULL, NULL)
  104 
  105 /*
  106  * The sysinit table itself.  Items are checked off as the are run.
  107  * If we want to register new sysinit types, add them to newsysinit.
  108  */
  109 struct sysinit **sysinit = (struct sysinit **)sysinit_set.ls_items;
  110 struct sysinit **newsysinit;
  111 
  112 /*
  113  * Merge a new sysinit set into the current set, reallocating it if
  114  * necessary.  This can only be called after malloc is running.
  115  */
  116 void
  117 sysinit_add(struct sysinit **set)
  118 {
  119         struct sysinit **newset;
  120         struct sysinit **sipp;
  121         struct sysinit **xipp;
  122         int count = 0;
  123 
  124         if (newsysinit)
  125                 for (sipp = newsysinit; *sipp; sipp++)
  126                         count++;
  127         else
  128                 for (sipp = sysinit; *sipp; sipp++)
  129                         count++;
  130         for (sipp = set; *sipp; sipp++)
  131                 count++;
  132         count++;                /* Trailing NULL */
  133         newset = malloc(count * sizeof(*sipp), M_TEMP, M_NOWAIT);
  134         if (newset == NULL)
  135                 panic("cannot malloc for sysinit");
  136         xipp = newset;
  137         if (newsysinit)
  138                 for (sipp = newsysinit; *sipp; sipp++)
  139                         *xipp++ = *sipp;
  140         else
  141                 for (sipp = sysinit; *sipp; sipp++)
  142                         *xipp++ = *sipp;
  143         for (sipp = set; *sipp; sipp++)
  144                 *xipp++ = *sipp;
  145         *xipp = NULL;
  146         if (newsysinit)
  147                 free(newsysinit, M_TEMP);
  148         newsysinit = newset;
  149 }
  150 
  151 /*
  152  * System startup; initialize the world, create process 0, mount root
  153  * filesystem, and fork to create init and pagedaemon.  Most of the
  154  * hard work is done in the lower-level initialization routines including
  155  * startup(), which does memory initialization and autoconfiguration.
  156  *
  157  * This allows simple addition of new kernel subsystems that require
  158  * boot time initialization.  It also allows substitution of subsystem
  159  * (for instance, a scheduler, kernel profiler, or VM system) by object
  160  * module.  Finally, it allows for optional "kernel threads".
  161  */
  162 void
  163 mi_startup(void)
  164 {
  165 
  166         register struct sysinit **sipp;         /* system initialization*/
  167         register struct sysinit **xipp;         /* interior loop of sort*/
  168         register struct sysinit *save;          /* bubble*/
  169 
  170 restart:
  171         /*
  172          * Perform a bubble sort of the system initialization objects by
  173          * their subsystem (primary key) and order (secondary key).
  174          */
  175         for (sipp = sysinit; *sipp; sipp++) {
  176                 for (xipp = sipp + 1; *xipp; xipp++) {
  177                         if ((*sipp)->subsystem < (*xipp)->subsystem ||
  178                              ((*sipp)->subsystem == (*xipp)->subsystem &&
  179                               (*sipp)->order <= (*xipp)->order))
  180                                 continue;       /* skip*/
  181                         save = *sipp;
  182                         *sipp = *xipp;
  183                         *xipp = save;
  184                 }
  185         }
  186 
  187         /*
  188          * Traverse the (now) ordered list of system initialization tasks.
  189          * Perform each task, and continue on to the next task.
  190          *
  191          * The last item on the list is expected to be the scheduler,
  192          * which will not return.
  193          */
  194         for (sipp = sysinit; *sipp; sipp++) {
  195 
  196                 if ((*sipp)->subsystem == SI_SUB_DUMMY)
  197                         continue;       /* skip dummy task(s)*/
  198 
  199                 if ((*sipp)->subsystem == SI_SUB_DONE)
  200                         continue;
  201 
  202                 /* Call function */
  203                 (*((*sipp)->func))((*sipp)->udata);
  204 
  205                 /* Check off the one we're just done */
  206                 (*sipp)->subsystem = SI_SUB_DONE;
  207 
  208                 /* Check if we've installed more sysinit items via KLD */
  209                 if (newsysinit != NULL) {
  210                         if (sysinit != (struct sysinit **)sysinit_set.ls_items)
  211                                 free(sysinit, M_TEMP);
  212                         sysinit = newsysinit;
  213                         newsysinit = NULL;
  214                         goto restart;
  215                 }
  216         }
  217 
  218         panic("Shouldn't get here!");
  219         /* NOTREACHED*/
  220 }
  221 
  222 
  223 /*
  224  ***************************************************************************
  225  ****
  226  **** The following SYSINIT's belong elsewhere, but have not yet
  227  **** been moved.
  228  ****
  229  ***************************************************************************
  230  */
  231 static void
  232 print_caddr_t(void *data __unused)
  233 {
  234         printf("%s", (char *)data);
  235 }
  236 SYSINIT(announce, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_FIRST, print_caddr_t, copyright)
  237 
  238 
  239 /*
  240  ***************************************************************************
  241  ****
  242  **** The two following SYSINT's are proc0 specific glue code.  I am not
  243  **** convinced that they can not be safely combined, but their order of
  244  **** operation has been maintained as the same as the original init_main.c
  245  **** for right now.
  246  ****
  247  **** These probably belong in init_proc.c or kern_proc.c, since they
  248  **** deal with proc0 (the fork template process).
  249  ****
  250  ***************************************************************************
  251  */
  252 /* ARGSUSED*/
  253 static void
  254 proc0_init(void *dummy __unused)
  255 {
  256         register struct proc            *p;
  257         register struct filedesc0       *fdp;
  258         register unsigned i;
  259 
  260         p = &proc0;
  261 
  262         /*
  263          * Initialize process and pgrp structures.
  264          */
  265         procinit();
  266 
  267         /*
  268          * Initialize sleep queue hash table
  269          */
  270         sleepinit();
  271 
  272         /*
  273          * additional VM structures
  274          */
  275         vm_init2();
  276 
  277         /*
  278          * Create process 0 (the swapper).
  279          */
  280         LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&allproc, p, p_list);
  281         p->p_pgrp = &pgrp0;
  282         LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PGRPHASH(0), &pgrp0, pg_hash);
  283         LIST_INIT(&pgrp0.pg_members);
  284         LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&pgrp0.pg_members, p, p_pglist);
  285 
  286         pgrp0.pg_session = &session0;
  287         session0.s_count = 1;
  288         session0.s_leader = p;
  289 
  290         p->p_sysent = &aout_sysvec;
  291 
  292         p->p_flag = P_INMEM | P_SYSTEM;
  293         p->p_stat = SRUN;
  294         p->p_nice = NZERO;
  295         p->p_rtprio.type = RTP_PRIO_NORMAL;
  296         p->p_rtprio.prio = 0;
  297 
  298         p->p_peers = 0;
  299         p->p_leader = p;
  300 
  301         bcopy("swapper", p->p_comm, sizeof ("swapper"));
  302 
  303         /* Create credentials. */
  304         cred0.p_refcnt = 1;
  305         cred0.p_uidinfo = uifind(0);
  306         p->p_cred = &cred0;
  307         p->p_ucred = crget();
  308         p->p_ucred->cr_ngroups = 1;     /* group 0 */
  309         p->p_ucred->cr_uidinfo = uifind(0);
  310 
  311         /* Don't jail it */
  312         p->p_prison = 0;
  313 
  314         /* Create procsig. */
  315         p->p_procsig = &procsig0;
  316         p->p_procsig->ps_refcnt = 1;
  317 
  318         /* Initialize signal state for process 0. */
  319         siginit(&proc0);
  320 
  321         /* Create the file descriptor table. */
  322         fdp = &filedesc0;
  323         p->p_fd = &fdp->fd_fd;
  324         p->p_fdtol = NULL;
  325         fdp->fd_fd.fd_refcnt = 1;
  326         fdp->fd_fd.fd_cmask = cmask;
  327         fdp->fd_fd.fd_ofiles = fdp->fd_dfiles;
  328         fdp->fd_fd.fd_ofileflags = fdp->fd_dfileflags;
  329         fdp->fd_fd.fd_nfiles = NDFILE;
  330 
  331         /* Create the limits structures. */
  332         p->p_limit = &limit0;
  333         for (i = 0; i < sizeof(p->p_rlimit)/sizeof(p->p_rlimit[0]); i++)
  334                 limit0.pl_rlimit[i].rlim_cur =
  335                     limit0.pl_rlimit[i].rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
  336         limit0.pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_cur =
  337             limit0.pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_max = maxfiles;
  338         limit0.pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_cur =
  339             limit0.pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_max = maxproc;
  340         i = ptoa(cnt.v_free_count);
  341         limit0.pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS].rlim_max = i;
  342         limit0.pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK].rlim_max = i;
  343         limit0.pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK].rlim_cur = i / 3;
  344         limit0.p_cpulimit = RLIM_INFINITY;
  345         limit0.p_refcnt = 1;
  346 
  347         /* Allocate a prototype map so we have something to fork. */
  348         pmap_pinit0(vmspace_pmap(&vmspace0));
  349         p->p_vmspace = &vmspace0;
  350         vmspace0.vm_refcnt = 1;
  351         vm_map_init(&vmspace0.vm_map, round_page(VM_MIN_ADDRESS),
  352             trunc_page(VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS));
  353         vmspace0.vm_map.pmap = vmspace_pmap(&vmspace0);
  354         p->p_addr = proc0paddr;                         /* XXX */
  355 
  356         /*
  357          * We continue to place resource usage info and signal
  358          * actions in the user struct so they're pageable.
  359          */
  360         p->p_stats = &p->p_addr->u_stats;
  361         p->p_sigacts = &p->p_addr->u_sigacts;
  362 
  363         /*
  364          * Charge root for one process.
  365          */
  366         (void)chgproccnt(cred0.p_uidinfo, 1, 0);
  367 
  368         /*
  369          * Initialize the current process pointer (curproc) before
  370          * any possible traps/probes to simplify trap processing.
  371          */
  372         SET_CURPROC(p);
  373 
  374 }
  375 SYSINIT(p0init, SI_SUB_INTRINSIC, SI_ORDER_FIRST, proc0_init, NULL)
  376 
  377 /* ARGSUSED*/
  378 static void
  379 proc0_post(void *dummy __unused)
  380 {
  381         struct timespec ts;
  382         struct proc *p;
  383 
  384         /*
  385          * Now we can look at the time, having had a chance to verify the
  386          * time from the file system.  Pretend that proc0 started now.
  387          */
  388         LIST_FOREACH(p, &allproc, p_list) {
  389                 microtime(&p->p_stats->p_start);
  390                 p->p_runtime = 0;
  391         }
  392         microuptime(&switchtime);
  393         switchticks = ticks;
  394 
  395         /*
  396          * Give the ``random'' number generator a thump.
  397          * XXX: Does read_random() contain enough bits to be used here ?
  398          */
  399         nanotime(&ts);
  400         srandom(ts.tv_sec ^ ts.tv_nsec);
  401 }
  402 SYSINIT(p0post, SI_SUB_INTRINSIC_POST, SI_ORDER_FIRST, proc0_post, NULL)
  403 
  404 /*
  405  ***************************************************************************
  406  ****
  407  **** The following SYSINIT's and glue code should be moved to the
  408  **** respective files on a per subsystem basis.
  409  ****
  410  ***************************************************************************
  411  */
  412 
  413 
  414 /*
  415  ***************************************************************************
  416  ****
  417  **** The following code probably belongs in another file, like
  418  **** kern/init_init.c.
  419  ****
  420  ***************************************************************************
  421  */
  422 
  423 /*
  424  * List of paths to try when searching for "init".
  425  */
  426 static char init_path[MAXPATHLEN] =
  427 #ifdef  INIT_PATH
  428     __XSTRING(INIT_PATH);
  429 #else
  430     "/sbin/init:/sbin/oinit:/sbin/init.bak:/stand/sysinstall";
  431 #endif
  432 SYSCTL_STRING(_kern, OID_AUTO, init_path, CTLFLAG_RD, init_path, 0, "");
  433 
  434 /*
  435  * Start the initial user process; try exec'ing each pathname in init_path.
  436  * The program is invoked with one argument containing the boot flags.
  437  */
  438 static void
  439 start_init(void *dummy)
  440 {
  441         vm_offset_t addr;
  442         struct execve_args args;
  443         int options, error;
  444         char *var, *path, *next, *s;
  445         char *ucp, **uap, *arg0, *arg1;
  446         struct proc *p;
  447 
  448         p = curproc;
  449 
  450         /* Get the vnode for '/'.  Set p->p_fd->fd_cdir to reference it. */
  451         if (VFS_ROOT(TAILQ_FIRST(&mountlist), &rootvnode))
  452                 panic("cannot find root vnode");
  453         p->p_fd->fd_cdir = rootvnode;
  454         VREF(p->p_fd->fd_cdir);
  455         p->p_fd->fd_rdir = rootvnode;
  456         VREF(p->p_fd->fd_rdir);
  457         VOP_UNLOCK(rootvnode, 0, p);
  458 
  459         /*
  460          * Need just enough stack to hold the faked-up "execve()" arguments.
  461          */
  462         addr = trunc_page(USRSTACK - PAGE_SIZE);
  463         if (vm_map_find(&p->p_vmspace->vm_map, NULL, 0, &addr, PAGE_SIZE,
  464                         FALSE, VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0) != 0)
  465                 panic("init: couldn't allocate argument space");
  466         p->p_vmspace->vm_maxsaddr = (caddr_t)addr;
  467         p->p_vmspace->vm_ssize = 1;
  468 
  469         if ((var = getenv("init_path")) != NULL) {
  470                 strncpy(init_path, var, sizeof init_path);
  471                 init_path[sizeof init_path - 1] = 0;
  472         }
  473         if ((var = getenv("kern.fallback_elf_brand")) != NULL)
  474                 fallback_elf_brand = strtol(var, NULL, 0);
  475         
  476         for (path = init_path; *path != '\0'; path = next) {
  477                 while (*path == ':')
  478                         path++;
  479                 if (*path == '\0')
  480                         break;
  481                 for (next = path; *next != '\0' && *next != ':'; next++)
  482                         /* nothing */ ;
  483                 if (bootverbose)
  484                         printf("start_init: trying %.*s\n", (int)(next - path),
  485                             path);
  486                         
  487                 /*
  488                  * Move out the boot flag argument.
  489                  */
  490                 options = 0;
  491                 ucp = (char *)USRSTACK;
  492                 (void)subyte(--ucp, 0);         /* trailing zero */
  493                 if (boothowto & RB_SINGLE) {
  494                         (void)subyte(--ucp, 's');
  495                         options = 1;
  496                 }
  497 #ifdef notyet
  498                 if (boothowto & RB_FASTBOOT) {
  499                         (void)subyte(--ucp, 'f');
  500                         options = 1;
  501                 }
  502 #endif
  503 
  504 #ifdef BOOTCDROM
  505                 (void)subyte(--ucp, 'C');
  506                 options = 1;
  507 #endif
  508                 if (options == 0)
  509                         (void)subyte(--ucp, '-');
  510                 (void)subyte(--ucp, '-');               /* leading hyphen */
  511                 arg1 = ucp;
  512 
  513                 /*
  514                  * Move out the file name (also arg 0).
  515                  */
  516                 (void)subyte(--ucp, 0);
  517                 for (s = next - 1; s >= path; s--)
  518                         (void)subyte(--ucp, *s);
  519                 arg0 = ucp;
  520 
  521                 /*
  522                  * Move out the arg pointers.
  523                  */
  524                 uap = (char **)((intptr_t)ucp & ~(sizeof(intptr_t)-1));
  525                 (void)suword((caddr_t)--uap, (long)0);  /* terminator */
  526                 (void)suword((caddr_t)--uap, (long)(intptr_t)arg1);
  527                 (void)suword((caddr_t)--uap, (long)(intptr_t)arg0);
  528 
  529                 /*
  530                  * Point at the arguments.
  531                  */
  532                 args.fname = arg0;
  533                 args.argv = uap;
  534                 args.envv = NULL;
  535 
  536                 /*
  537                  * Now try to exec the program.  If can't for any reason
  538                  * other than it doesn't exist, complain.
  539                  *
  540                  * Otherwise, return via fork_trampoline() all the way
  541                  * to user mode as init!
  542                  */
  543                 if ((error = execve(p, &args)) == 0)
  544                         return;
  545                 if (error != ENOENT)
  546                         printf("exec %.*s: error %d\n", (int)(next - path), 
  547                             path, error);
  548         }
  549         printf("init: not found in path %s\n", init_path);
  550         panic("no init");
  551 }
  552 
  553 /*
  554  * Like kthread_create(), but runs in it's own address space.
  555  * We do this early to reserve pid 1.
  556  *
  557  * Note special case - do not make it runnable yet.  Other work
  558  * in progress will change this more.
  559  */
  560 static void
  561 create_init(const void *udata __unused)
  562 {
  563         int error;
  564         int s;
  565 
  566         s = splhigh();
  567         error = fork1(&proc0, RFFDG | RFPROC, &initproc);
  568         if (error)
  569                 panic("cannot fork init: %d\n", error);
  570         initproc->p_flag |= P_INMEM | P_SYSTEM;
  571         cpu_set_fork_handler(initproc, start_init, NULL);
  572         remrunqueue(initproc);
  573         splx(s);
  574 }
  575 SYSINIT(init,SI_SUB_CREATE_INIT, SI_ORDER_FIRST, create_init, NULL)
  576 
  577 /*
  578  * Make it runnable now.
  579  */
  580 static void
  581 kick_init(const void *udata __unused)
  582 {
  583         setrunqueue(initproc);
  584 }
  585 SYSINIT(kickinit,SI_SUB_KTHREAD_INIT, SI_ORDER_FIRST, kick_init, NULL)

Cache object: 10af0b7cc42033e203017d829cfd2623


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