The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, Second Edition
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FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/kern/init_main.c

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    1 /*-
    2  * Copyright (c) 1995 Terrence R. Lambert
    3  * All rights reserved.
    4  *
    5  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993
    6  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
    7  * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
    8  * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
    9  * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
   10  * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
   11  * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
   12  *
   13  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   14  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   15  * are met:
   16  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   18  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   19  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   20  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   21  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
   22  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
   23  *      This product includes software developed by the University of
   24  *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
   25  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
   26  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
   27  *    without specific prior written permission.
   28  *
   29  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
   30  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   31  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   32  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   33  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   34  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   35  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   36  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   37  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
   38  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   39  * SUCH DAMAGE.
   40  *
   41  *      @(#)init_main.c 8.9 (Berkeley) 1/21/94
   42  */
   43 
   44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
   45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
   46 
   47 #include "opt_ddb.h"
   48 #include "opt_init_path.h"
   49 #include "opt_mac.h"
   50 
   51 #include <sys/param.h>
   52 #include <sys/kernel.h>
   53 #include <sys/exec.h>
   54 #include <sys/file.h>
   55 #include <sys/filedesc.h>
   56 #include <sys/ktr.h>
   57 #include <sys/lock.h>
   58 #include <sys/mount.h>
   59 #include <sys/mutex.h>
   60 #include <sys/syscallsubr.h>
   61 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
   62 #include <sys/proc.h>
   63 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
   64 #include <sys/systm.h>
   65 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
   66 #include <sys/vnode.h>
   67 #include <sys/sysent.h>
   68 #include <sys/reboot.h>
   69 #include <sys/sched.h>
   70 #include <sys/sx.h>
   71 #include <sys/sysproto.h>
   72 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
   73 #include <sys/unistd.h>
   74 #include <sys/malloc.h>
   75 #include <sys/conf.h>
   76 #include <sys/cpuset.h>
   77 
   78 #include <machine/cpu.h>
   79 
   80 #include <security/audit/audit.h>
   81 #include <security/mac/mac_framework.h>
   82 
   83 #include <vm/vm.h>
   84 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
   85 #include <vm/pmap.h>
   86 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
   87 #include <sys/copyright.h>
   88 
   89 #include <ddb/ddb.h>
   90 #include <ddb/db_sym.h>
   91 
   92 void mi_startup(void);                          /* Should be elsewhere */
   93 
   94 /* Components of the first process -- never freed. */
   95 static struct session session0;
   96 static struct pgrp pgrp0;
   97 struct  proc proc0;
   98 struct  thread thread0 __aligned(16);
   99 struct  vmspace vmspace0;
  100 struct  proc *initproc;
  101 
  102 int     boothowto = 0;          /* initialized so that it can be patched */
  103 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, boothowto, CTLFLAG_RD, &boothowto, 0, "");
  104 int     bootverbose;
  105 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, bootverbose, CTLFLAG_RW, &bootverbose, 0, "");
  106 
  107 /*
  108  * This ensures that there is at least one entry so that the sysinit_set
  109  * symbol is not undefined.  A sybsystem ID of SI_SUB_DUMMY is never
  110  * executed.
  111  */
  112 SYSINIT(placeholder, SI_SUB_DUMMY, SI_ORDER_ANY, NULL, NULL);
  113 
  114 /*
  115  * The sysinit table itself.  Items are checked off as the are run.
  116  * If we want to register new sysinit types, add them to newsysinit.
  117  */
  118 SET_DECLARE(sysinit_set, struct sysinit);
  119 struct sysinit **sysinit, **sysinit_end;
  120 struct sysinit **newsysinit, **newsysinit_end;
  121 
  122 /*
  123  * Merge a new sysinit set into the current set, reallocating it if
  124  * necessary.  This can only be called after malloc is running.
  125  */
  126 void
  127 sysinit_add(struct sysinit **set, struct sysinit **set_end)
  128 {
  129         struct sysinit **newset;
  130         struct sysinit **sipp;
  131         struct sysinit **xipp;
  132         int count;
  133 
  134         count = set_end - set;
  135         if (newsysinit)
  136                 count += newsysinit_end - newsysinit;
  137         else
  138                 count += sysinit_end - sysinit;
  139         newset = malloc(count * sizeof(*sipp), M_TEMP, M_NOWAIT);
  140         if (newset == NULL)
  141                 panic("cannot malloc for sysinit");
  142         xipp = newset;
  143         if (newsysinit)
  144                 for (sipp = newsysinit; sipp < newsysinit_end; sipp++)
  145                         *xipp++ = *sipp;
  146         else
  147                 for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++)
  148                         *xipp++ = *sipp;
  149         for (sipp = set; sipp < set_end; sipp++)
  150                 *xipp++ = *sipp;
  151         if (newsysinit)
  152                 free(newsysinit, M_TEMP);
  153         newsysinit = newset;
  154         newsysinit_end = newset + count;
  155 }
  156 
  157 /*
  158  * System startup; initialize the world, create process 0, mount root
  159  * filesystem, and fork to create init and pagedaemon.  Most of the
  160  * hard work is done in the lower-level initialization routines including
  161  * startup(), which does memory initialization and autoconfiguration.
  162  *
  163  * This allows simple addition of new kernel subsystems that require
  164  * boot time initialization.  It also allows substitution of subsystem
  165  * (for instance, a scheduler, kernel profiler, or VM system) by object
  166  * module.  Finally, it allows for optional "kernel threads".
  167  */
  168 void
  169 mi_startup(void)
  170 {
  171 
  172         register struct sysinit **sipp;         /* system initialization*/
  173         register struct sysinit **xipp;         /* interior loop of sort*/
  174         register struct sysinit *save;          /* bubble*/
  175 
  176 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
  177         int last;
  178         int verbose;
  179 #endif
  180 
  181         if (sysinit == NULL) {
  182                 sysinit = SET_BEGIN(sysinit_set);
  183                 sysinit_end = SET_LIMIT(sysinit_set);
  184         }
  185 
  186 restart:
  187         /*
  188          * Perform a bubble sort of the system initialization objects by
  189          * their subsystem (primary key) and order (secondary key).
  190          */
  191         for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++) {
  192                 for (xipp = sipp + 1; xipp < sysinit_end; xipp++) {
  193                         if ((*sipp)->subsystem < (*xipp)->subsystem ||
  194                              ((*sipp)->subsystem == (*xipp)->subsystem &&
  195                               (*sipp)->order <= (*xipp)->order))
  196                                 continue;       /* skip*/
  197                         save = *sipp;
  198                         *sipp = *xipp;
  199                         *xipp = save;
  200                 }
  201         }
  202 
  203 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
  204         last = SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT;
  205         verbose = 0;
  206 #if !defined(DDB)
  207         printf("VERBOSE_SYSINIT: DDB not enabled, symbol lookups disabled.\n");
  208 #endif
  209 #endif
  210 
  211         /*
  212          * Traverse the (now) ordered list of system initialization tasks.
  213          * Perform each task, and continue on to the next task.
  214          *
  215          * The last item on the list is expected to be the scheduler,
  216          * which will not return.
  217          */
  218         for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++) {
  219 
  220                 if ((*sipp)->subsystem == SI_SUB_DUMMY)
  221                         continue;       /* skip dummy task(s)*/
  222 
  223                 if ((*sipp)->subsystem == SI_SUB_DONE)
  224                         continue;
  225 
  226 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
  227                 if ((*sipp)->subsystem > last) {
  228                         verbose = 1;
  229                         last = (*sipp)->subsystem;
  230                         printf("subsystem %x\n", last);
  231                 }
  232                 if (verbose) {
  233 #if defined(DDB)
  234                         const char *name;
  235                         c_db_sym_t sym;
  236                         db_expr_t  offset;
  237 
  238                         sym = db_search_symbol((vm_offset_t)(*sipp)->func,
  239                             DB_STGY_PROC, &offset);
  240                         db_symbol_values(sym, &name, NULL);
  241                         if (name != NULL)
  242                                 printf("   %s(%p)... ", name, (*sipp)->udata);
  243                         else
  244 #endif
  245                                 printf("   %p(%p)... ", (*sipp)->func,
  246                                     (*sipp)->udata);
  247                 }
  248 #endif
  249 
  250                 /* Call function */
  251                 (*((*sipp)->func))((*sipp)->udata);
  252 
  253 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
  254                 if (verbose)
  255                         printf("done.\n");
  256 #endif
  257 
  258                 /* Check off the one we're just done */
  259                 (*sipp)->subsystem = SI_SUB_DONE;
  260 
  261                 /* Check if we've installed more sysinit items via KLD */
  262                 if (newsysinit != NULL) {
  263                         if (sysinit != SET_BEGIN(sysinit_set))
  264                                 free(sysinit, M_TEMP);
  265                         sysinit = newsysinit;
  266                         sysinit_end = newsysinit_end;
  267                         newsysinit = NULL;
  268                         newsysinit_end = NULL;
  269                         goto restart;
  270                 }
  271         }
  272 
  273         panic("Shouldn't get here!");
  274         /* NOTREACHED*/
  275 }
  276 
  277 
  278 /*
  279  ***************************************************************************
  280  ****
  281  **** The following SYSINIT's belong elsewhere, but have not yet
  282  **** been moved.
  283  ****
  284  ***************************************************************************
  285  */
  286 static void
  287 print_caddr_t(void *data __unused)
  288 {
  289         printf("%s", (char *)data);
  290 }
  291 SYSINIT(announce, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_FIRST, print_caddr_t,
  292     copyright);
  293 SYSINIT(trademark, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_SECOND, print_caddr_t,
  294     trademark);
  295 SYSINIT(version, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_THIRD, print_caddr_t, version);
  296 
  297 #ifdef WITNESS
  298 static char wit_warn[] =
  299      "WARNING: WITNESS option enabled, expect reduced performance.\n";
  300 SYSINIT(witwarn, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 1,
  301    print_caddr_t, wit_warn);
  302 SYSINIT(witwarn2, SI_SUB_RUN_SCHEDULER, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 1,
  303    print_caddr_t, wit_warn);
  304 #endif
  305 
  306 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
  307 static char diag_warn[] =
  308      "WARNING: DIAGNOSTIC option enabled, expect reduced performance.\n";
  309 SYSINIT(diagwarn, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 2,
  310     print_caddr_t, diag_warn);
  311 SYSINIT(diagwarn2, SI_SUB_RUN_SCHEDULER, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 2,
  312     print_caddr_t, diag_warn);
  313 #endif
  314 
  315 static void
  316 set_boot_verbose(void *data __unused)
  317 {
  318 
  319         if (boothowto & RB_VERBOSE)
  320                 bootverbose++;
  321 }
  322 SYSINIT(boot_verbose, SI_SUB_TUNABLES, SI_ORDER_ANY, set_boot_verbose, NULL);
  323 
  324 struct sysentvec null_sysvec = {
  325         .sv_size        = 0,
  326         .sv_table       = NULL,
  327         .sv_mask        = 0,
  328         .sv_sigsize     = 0,
  329         .sv_sigtbl      = NULL,
  330         .sv_errsize     = 0,
  331         .sv_errtbl      = NULL,
  332         .sv_transtrap   = NULL,
  333         .sv_fixup       = NULL,
  334         .sv_sendsig     = NULL,
  335         .sv_sigcode     = NULL,
  336         .sv_szsigcode   = NULL,
  337         .sv_prepsyscall = NULL,
  338         .sv_name        = "null",
  339         .sv_coredump    = NULL,
  340         .sv_imgact_try  = NULL,
  341         .sv_minsigstksz = 0,
  342         .sv_pagesize    = PAGE_SIZE,
  343         .sv_minuser     = VM_MIN_ADDRESS,
  344         .sv_maxuser     = VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS,
  345         .sv_usrstack    = USRSTACK,
  346         .sv_psstrings   = PS_STRINGS,
  347         .sv_stackprot   = VM_PROT_ALL,
  348         .sv_copyout_strings     = NULL,
  349         .sv_setregs     = NULL,
  350         .sv_fixlimit    = NULL,
  351         .sv_maxssiz     = NULL
  352 };
  353 
  354 /*
  355  ***************************************************************************
  356  ****
  357  **** The two following SYSINIT's are proc0 specific glue code.  I am not
  358  **** convinced that they can not be safely combined, but their order of
  359  **** operation has been maintained as the same as the original init_main.c
  360  **** for right now.
  361  ****
  362  **** These probably belong in init_proc.c or kern_proc.c, since they
  363  **** deal with proc0 (the fork template process).
  364  ****
  365  ***************************************************************************
  366  */
  367 /* ARGSUSED*/
  368 static void
  369 proc0_init(void *dummy __unused)
  370 {
  371         struct proc *p;
  372         unsigned i;
  373         struct thread *td;
  374 
  375         GIANT_REQUIRED;
  376         p = &proc0;
  377         td = &thread0;
  378 
  379         /*
  380          * Initialize magic number and osrel.
  381          */
  382         p->p_magic = P_MAGIC;
  383         p->p_osrel = osreldate;
  384 
  385         /*
  386          * Initialize thread and process structures.
  387          */
  388         procinit();     /* set up proc zone */
  389         threadinit();   /* set up UMA zones */
  390 
  391         /*
  392          * Initialise scheduler resources.
  393          * Add scheduler specific parts to proc, thread as needed.
  394          */
  395         schedinit();    /* scheduler gets its house in order */
  396         /*
  397          * Initialize sleep queue hash table
  398          */
  399         sleepinit();
  400 
  401         /*
  402          * additional VM structures
  403          */
  404         vm_init2();
  405 
  406         /*
  407          * Create process 0 (the swapper).
  408          */
  409         LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&allproc, p, p_list);
  410         LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PIDHASH(0), p, p_hash);
  411         mtx_init(&pgrp0.pg_mtx, "process group", NULL, MTX_DEF | MTX_DUPOK);
  412         p->p_pgrp = &pgrp0;
  413         LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PGRPHASH(0), &pgrp0, pg_hash);
  414         LIST_INIT(&pgrp0.pg_members);
  415         LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&pgrp0.pg_members, p, p_pglist);
  416 
  417         pgrp0.pg_session = &session0;
  418         mtx_init(&session0.s_mtx, "session", NULL, MTX_DEF);
  419         session0.s_count = 1;
  420         session0.s_leader = p;
  421 
  422         p->p_sysent = &null_sysvec;
  423         p->p_flag = P_SYSTEM | P_INMEM;
  424         p->p_state = PRS_NORMAL;
  425         knlist_init(&p->p_klist, &p->p_mtx, NULL, NULL, NULL);
  426         STAILQ_INIT(&p->p_ktr);
  427         p->p_nice = NZERO;
  428         td->td_state = TDS_RUNNING;
  429         td->td_pri_class = PRI_TIMESHARE;
  430         td->td_user_pri = PUSER;
  431         td->td_base_user_pri = PUSER;
  432         td->td_priority = PVM;
  433         td->td_base_pri = PUSER;
  434         td->td_oncpu = 0;
  435         td->td_flags = TDF_INMEM;
  436         td->td_cpuset = cpuset_thread0();
  437         p->p_peers = 0;
  438         p->p_leader = p;
  439 
  440 
  441         bcopy("swapper", p->p_comm, sizeof ("swapper"));
  442 
  443         callout_init(&p->p_itcallout, CALLOUT_MPSAFE);
  444         callout_init_mtx(&p->p_limco, &p->p_mtx, 0);
  445         callout_init(&td->td_slpcallout, CALLOUT_MPSAFE);
  446 
  447         /* Create credentials. */
  448         p->p_ucred = crget();
  449         p->p_ucred->cr_ngroups = 1;     /* group 0 */
  450         p->p_ucred->cr_uidinfo = uifind(0);
  451         p->p_ucred->cr_ruidinfo = uifind(0);
  452         p->p_ucred->cr_prison = NULL;   /* Don't jail it. */
  453 #ifdef AUDIT
  454         audit_cred_kproc0(p->p_ucred);
  455 #endif
  456 #ifdef MAC
  457         mac_create_proc0(p->p_ucred);
  458 #endif
  459         td->td_ucred = crhold(p->p_ucred);
  460 
  461         /* Create sigacts. */
  462         p->p_sigacts = sigacts_alloc();
  463 
  464         /* Initialize signal state for process 0. */
  465         siginit(&proc0);
  466 
  467         /* Create the file descriptor table. */
  468         p->p_fd = fdinit(NULL);
  469         p->p_fdtol = NULL;
  470 
  471         /* Create the limits structures. */
  472         p->p_limit = lim_alloc();
  473         for (i = 0; i < RLIM_NLIMITS; i++)
  474                 p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[i].rlim_cur =
  475                     p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[i].rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
  476         p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_cur =
  477             p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_max = maxfiles;
  478         p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_cur =
  479             p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_max = maxproc;
  480         i = ptoa(cnt.v_free_count);
  481         p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS].rlim_max = i;
  482         p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK].rlim_max = i;
  483         p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK].rlim_cur = i / 3;
  484         p->p_cpulimit = RLIM_INFINITY;
  485 
  486         p->p_stats = pstats_alloc();
  487 
  488         /* Allocate a prototype map so we have something to fork. */
  489         pmap_pinit0(vmspace_pmap(&vmspace0));
  490         p->p_vmspace = &vmspace0;
  491         vmspace0.vm_refcnt = 1;
  492         vm_map_init(&vmspace0.vm_map, p->p_sysent->sv_minuser,
  493             p->p_sysent->sv_maxuser);
  494         vmspace0.vm_map.pmap = vmspace_pmap(&vmspace0);
  495         /*-
  496          * call the init and ctor for the new thread and proc
  497          * we wait to do this until all other structures
  498          * are fairly sane.
  499          */
  500         EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(process_init, p);
  501         EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(thread_init, td);
  502         EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(process_ctor, p);
  503         EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(thread_ctor, td);
  504 
  505         /*
  506          * Charge root for one process.
  507          */
  508         (void)chgproccnt(p->p_ucred->cr_ruidinfo, 1, 0);
  509 }
  510 SYSINIT(p0init, SI_SUB_INTRINSIC, SI_ORDER_FIRST, proc0_init, NULL);
  511 
  512 /* ARGSUSED*/
  513 static void
  514 proc0_post(void *dummy __unused)
  515 {
  516         struct timespec ts;
  517         struct proc *p;
  518         struct rusage ru;
  519         struct thread *td;
  520 
  521         /*
  522          * Now we can look at the time, having had a chance to verify the
  523          * time from the filesystem.  Pretend that proc0 started now.
  524          */
  525         sx_slock(&allproc_lock);
  526         FOREACH_PROC_IN_SYSTEM(p) {
  527                 microuptime(&p->p_stats->p_start);
  528                 PROC_SLOCK(p);
  529                 rufetch(p, &ru);        /* Clears thread stats */
  530                 PROC_SUNLOCK(p);
  531                 p->p_rux.rux_runtime = 0;
  532                 p->p_rux.rux_uticks = 0;
  533                 p->p_rux.rux_sticks = 0;
  534                 p->p_rux.rux_iticks = 0;
  535                 FOREACH_THREAD_IN_PROC(p, td) {
  536                         td->td_runtime = 0;
  537                 }
  538         }
  539         sx_sunlock(&allproc_lock);
  540         PCPU_SET(switchtime, cpu_ticks());
  541         PCPU_SET(switchticks, ticks);
  542 
  543         /*
  544          * Give the ``random'' number generator a thump.
  545          */
  546         nanotime(&ts);
  547         srandom(ts.tv_sec ^ ts.tv_nsec);
  548 }
  549 SYSINIT(p0post, SI_SUB_INTRINSIC_POST, SI_ORDER_FIRST, proc0_post, NULL);
  550 
  551 /*
  552  ***************************************************************************
  553  ****
  554  **** The following SYSINIT's and glue code should be moved to the
  555  **** respective files on a per subsystem basis.
  556  ****
  557  ***************************************************************************
  558  */
  559 
  560 
  561 /*
  562  ***************************************************************************
  563  ****
  564  **** The following code probably belongs in another file, like
  565  **** kern/init_init.c.
  566  ****
  567  ***************************************************************************
  568  */
  569 
  570 /*
  571  * List of paths to try when searching for "init".
  572  */
  573 static char init_path[MAXPATHLEN] =
  574 #ifdef  INIT_PATH
  575     __XSTRING(INIT_PATH);
  576 #else
  577     "/sbin/init:/sbin/oinit:/sbin/init.bak:/rescue/init:/stand/sysinstall";
  578 #endif
  579 SYSCTL_STRING(_kern, OID_AUTO, init_path, CTLFLAG_RD, init_path, 0,
  580         "Path used to search the init process");
  581 
  582 /*
  583  * Shutdown timeout of init(8).
  584  * Unused within kernel, but used to control init(8), hence do not remove.
  585  */
  586 #ifndef INIT_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT
  587 #define INIT_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT 120
  588 #endif
  589 static int init_shutdown_timeout = INIT_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT;
  590 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, init_shutdown_timeout,
  591         CTLFLAG_RW, &init_shutdown_timeout, 0, "");
  592 
  593 /*
  594  * Start the initial user process; try exec'ing each pathname in init_path.
  595  * The program is invoked with one argument containing the boot flags.
  596  */
  597 static void
  598 start_init(void *dummy)
  599 {
  600         vm_offset_t addr;
  601         struct execve_args args;
  602         int options, error;
  603         char *var, *path, *next, *s;
  604         char *ucp, **uap, *arg0, *arg1;
  605         struct thread *td;
  606         struct proc *p;
  607 
  608         mtx_lock(&Giant);
  609 
  610         GIANT_REQUIRED;
  611 
  612         td = curthread;
  613         p = td->td_proc;
  614 
  615         vfs_mountroot();
  616 
  617         /*
  618          * Need just enough stack to hold the faked-up "execve()" arguments.
  619          */
  620         addr = p->p_sysent->sv_usrstack - PAGE_SIZE;
  621         if (vm_map_find(&p->p_vmspace->vm_map, NULL, 0, &addr, PAGE_SIZE,
  622                         FALSE, VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0) != 0)
  623                 panic("init: couldn't allocate argument space");
  624         p->p_vmspace->vm_maxsaddr = (caddr_t)addr;
  625         p->p_vmspace->vm_ssize = 1;
  626 
  627         if ((var = getenv("init_path")) != NULL) {
  628                 strlcpy(init_path, var, sizeof(init_path));
  629                 freeenv(var);
  630         }
  631         
  632         for (path = init_path; *path != '\0'; path = next) {
  633                 while (*path == ':')
  634                         path++;
  635                 if (*path == '\0')
  636                         break;
  637                 for (next = path; *next != '\0' && *next != ':'; next++)
  638                         /* nothing */ ;
  639                 if (bootverbose)
  640                         printf("start_init: trying %.*s\n", (int)(next - path),
  641                             path);
  642                         
  643                 /*
  644                  * Move out the boot flag argument.
  645                  */
  646                 options = 0;
  647                 ucp = (char *)p->p_sysent->sv_usrstack;
  648                 (void)subyte(--ucp, 0);         /* trailing zero */
  649                 if (boothowto & RB_SINGLE) {
  650                         (void)subyte(--ucp, 's');
  651                         options = 1;
  652                 }
  653 #ifdef notyet
  654                 if (boothowto & RB_FASTBOOT) {
  655                         (void)subyte(--ucp, 'f');
  656                         options = 1;
  657                 }
  658 #endif
  659 
  660 #ifdef BOOTCDROM
  661                 (void)subyte(--ucp, 'C');
  662                 options = 1;
  663 #endif
  664 
  665                 if (options == 0)
  666                         (void)subyte(--ucp, '-');
  667                 (void)subyte(--ucp, '-');               /* leading hyphen */
  668                 arg1 = ucp;
  669 
  670                 /*
  671                  * Move out the file name (also arg 0).
  672                  */
  673                 (void)subyte(--ucp, 0);
  674                 for (s = next - 1; s >= path; s--)
  675                         (void)subyte(--ucp, *s);
  676                 arg0 = ucp;
  677 
  678                 /*
  679                  * Move out the arg pointers.
  680                  */
  681                 uap = (char **)((intptr_t)ucp & ~(sizeof(intptr_t)-1));
  682                 (void)suword((caddr_t)--uap, (long)0);  /* terminator */
  683                 (void)suword((caddr_t)--uap, (long)(intptr_t)arg1);
  684                 (void)suword((caddr_t)--uap, (long)(intptr_t)arg0);
  685 
  686                 /*
  687                  * Point at the arguments.
  688                  */
  689                 args.fname = arg0;
  690                 args.argv = uap;
  691                 args.envv = NULL;
  692 
  693                 /*
  694                  * Now try to exec the program.  If can't for any reason
  695                  * other than it doesn't exist, complain.
  696                  *
  697                  * Otherwise, return via fork_trampoline() all the way
  698                  * to user mode as init!
  699                  */
  700                 if ((error = execve(td, &args)) == 0) {
  701                         mtx_unlock(&Giant);
  702                         return;
  703                 }
  704                 if (error != ENOENT)
  705                         printf("exec %.*s: error %d\n", (int)(next - path), 
  706                             path, error);
  707         }
  708         printf("init: not found in path %s\n", init_path);
  709         panic("no init");
  710 }
  711 
  712 /*
  713  * Like kthread_create(), but runs in it's own address space.
  714  * We do this early to reserve pid 1.
  715  *
  716  * Note special case - do not make it runnable yet.  Other work
  717  * in progress will change this more.
  718  */
  719 static void
  720 create_init(const void *udata __unused)
  721 {
  722         struct ucred *newcred, *oldcred;
  723         int error;
  724 
  725         error = fork1(&thread0, RFFDG | RFPROC | RFSTOPPED, 0, &initproc);
  726         if (error)
  727                 panic("cannot fork init: %d\n", error);
  728         KASSERT(initproc->p_pid == 1, ("create_init: initproc->p_pid != 1"));
  729         /* divorce init's credentials from the kernel's */
  730         newcred = crget();
  731         PROC_LOCK(initproc);
  732         initproc->p_flag |= P_SYSTEM | P_INMEM;
  733         oldcred = initproc->p_ucred;
  734         crcopy(newcred, oldcred);
  735 #ifdef MAC
  736         mac_create_proc1(newcred);
  737 #endif
  738 #ifdef AUDIT
  739         audit_cred_proc1(newcred);
  740 #endif
  741         initproc->p_ucred = newcred;
  742         PROC_UNLOCK(initproc);
  743         crfree(oldcred);
  744         cred_update_thread(FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(initproc));
  745         cpu_set_fork_handler(FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(initproc), start_init, NULL);
  746 }
  747 SYSINIT(init, SI_SUB_CREATE_INIT, SI_ORDER_FIRST, create_init, NULL);
  748 
  749 /*
  750  * Make it runnable now.
  751  */
  752 static void
  753 kick_init(const void *udata __unused)
  754 {
  755         struct thread *td;
  756 
  757         td = FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(initproc);
  758         thread_lock(td);
  759         TD_SET_CAN_RUN(td);
  760         sched_add(td, SRQ_BORING);
  761         thread_unlock(td);
  762 }
  763 SYSINIT(kickinit, SI_SUB_KTHREAD_INIT, SI_ORDER_FIRST, kick_init, NULL);

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