The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, Second Edition
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FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/kern/init_main.c

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    1 /*-
    2  * Copyright (c) 1995 Terrence R. Lambert
    3  * All rights reserved.
    4  *
    5  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993
    6  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
    7  * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
    8  * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
    9  * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
   10  * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
   11  * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
   12  *
   13  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   14  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   15  * are met:
   16  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   18  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   19  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   20  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   21  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
   22  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
   23  *      This product includes software developed by the University of
   24  *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
   25  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
   26  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
   27  *    without specific prior written permission.
   28  *
   29  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
   30  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   31  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   32  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   33  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   34  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   35  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   36  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   37  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
   38  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   39  * SUCH DAMAGE.
   40  *
   41  *      @(#)init_main.c 8.9 (Berkeley) 1/21/94
   42  */
   43 
   44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
   45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
   46 
   47 #include "opt_ddb.h"
   48 #include "opt_init_path.h"
   49 
   50 #include <sys/param.h>
   51 #include <sys/kernel.h>
   52 #include <sys/exec.h>
   53 #include <sys/file.h>
   54 #include <sys/filedesc.h>
   55 #include <sys/jail.h>
   56 #include <sys/ktr.h>
   57 #include <sys/lock.h>
   58 #include <sys/loginclass.h>
   59 #include <sys/mount.h>
   60 #include <sys/mutex.h>
   61 #include <sys/syscallsubr.h>
   62 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
   63 #include <sys/proc.h>
   64 #include <sys/racct.h>
   65 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
   66 #include <sys/systm.h>
   67 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
   68 #include <sys/vnode.h>
   69 #include <sys/sysent.h>
   70 #include <sys/reboot.h>
   71 #include <sys/sched.h>
   72 #include <sys/sx.h>
   73 #include <sys/sysproto.h>
   74 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
   75 #include <sys/unistd.h>
   76 #include <sys/malloc.h>
   77 #include <sys/conf.h>
   78 #include <sys/cpuset.h>
   79 
   80 #include <machine/cpu.h>
   81 
   82 #include <security/audit/audit.h>
   83 #include <security/mac/mac_framework.h>
   84 
   85 #include <vm/vm.h>
   86 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
   87 #include <vm/pmap.h>
   88 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
   89 #include <sys/copyright.h>
   90 
   91 #include <ddb/ddb.h>
   92 #include <ddb/db_sym.h>
   93 
   94 void mi_startup(void);                          /* Should be elsewhere */
   95 
   96 /* Components of the first process -- never freed. */
   97 static struct session session0;
   98 static struct pgrp pgrp0;
   99 struct  proc proc0;
  100 struct  thread thread0 __aligned(16);
  101 struct  vmspace vmspace0;
  102 struct  proc *initproc;
  103 
  104 int     boothowto = 0;          /* initialized so that it can be patched */
  105 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, boothowto, CTLFLAG_RD, &boothowto, 0,
  106         "Boot control flags, passed from loader");
  107 int     bootverbose;
  108 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, bootverbose, CTLFLAG_RW, &bootverbose, 0,
  109         "Control the output of verbose kernel messages");
  110 
  111 /*
  112  * This ensures that there is at least one entry so that the sysinit_set
  113  * symbol is not undefined.  A sybsystem ID of SI_SUB_DUMMY is never
  114  * executed.
  115  */
  116 SYSINIT(placeholder, SI_SUB_DUMMY, SI_ORDER_ANY, NULL, NULL);
  117 
  118 /*
  119  * The sysinit table itself.  Items are checked off as the are run.
  120  * If we want to register new sysinit types, add them to newsysinit.
  121  */
  122 SET_DECLARE(sysinit_set, struct sysinit);
  123 struct sysinit **sysinit, **sysinit_end;
  124 struct sysinit **newsysinit, **newsysinit_end;
  125 
  126 /*
  127  * Merge a new sysinit set into the current set, reallocating it if
  128  * necessary.  This can only be called after malloc is running.
  129  */
  130 void
  131 sysinit_add(struct sysinit **set, struct sysinit **set_end)
  132 {
  133         struct sysinit **newset;
  134         struct sysinit **sipp;
  135         struct sysinit **xipp;
  136         int count;
  137 
  138         count = set_end - set;
  139         if (newsysinit)
  140                 count += newsysinit_end - newsysinit;
  141         else
  142                 count += sysinit_end - sysinit;
  143         newset = malloc(count * sizeof(*sipp), M_TEMP, M_NOWAIT);
  144         if (newset == NULL)
  145                 panic("cannot malloc for sysinit");
  146         xipp = newset;
  147         if (newsysinit)
  148                 for (sipp = newsysinit; sipp < newsysinit_end; sipp++)
  149                         *xipp++ = *sipp;
  150         else
  151                 for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++)
  152                         *xipp++ = *sipp;
  153         for (sipp = set; sipp < set_end; sipp++)
  154                 *xipp++ = *sipp;
  155         if (newsysinit)
  156                 free(newsysinit, M_TEMP);
  157         newsysinit = newset;
  158         newsysinit_end = newset + count;
  159 }
  160 
  161 #if defined (DDB) && defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
  162 static const char *
  163 symbol_name(vm_offset_t va, db_strategy_t strategy)
  164 {
  165         const char *name;
  166         c_db_sym_t sym;
  167         db_expr_t  offset;
  168 
  169         if (va == 0)
  170                 return (NULL);
  171         sym = db_search_symbol(va, strategy, &offset);
  172         if (offset != 0)
  173                 return (NULL);
  174         db_symbol_values(sym, &name, NULL);
  175         return (name);
  176 }
  177 #endif
  178 
  179 /*
  180  * System startup; initialize the world, create process 0, mount root
  181  * filesystem, and fork to create init and pagedaemon.  Most of the
  182  * hard work is done in the lower-level initialization routines including
  183  * startup(), which does memory initialization and autoconfiguration.
  184  *
  185  * This allows simple addition of new kernel subsystems that require
  186  * boot time initialization.  It also allows substitution of subsystem
  187  * (for instance, a scheduler, kernel profiler, or VM system) by object
  188  * module.  Finally, it allows for optional "kernel threads".
  189  */
  190 void
  191 mi_startup(void)
  192 {
  193 
  194         register struct sysinit **sipp;         /* system initialization*/
  195         register struct sysinit **xipp;         /* interior loop of sort*/
  196         register struct sysinit *save;          /* bubble*/
  197 
  198 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
  199         int last;
  200         int verbose;
  201 #endif
  202 
  203         if (boothowto & RB_VERBOSE)
  204                 bootverbose++;
  205 
  206         if (sysinit == NULL) {
  207                 sysinit = SET_BEGIN(sysinit_set);
  208                 sysinit_end = SET_LIMIT(sysinit_set);
  209         }
  210 
  211 restart:
  212         /*
  213          * Perform a bubble sort of the system initialization objects by
  214          * their subsystem (primary key) and order (secondary key).
  215          */
  216         for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++) {
  217                 for (xipp = sipp + 1; xipp < sysinit_end; xipp++) {
  218                         if ((*sipp)->subsystem < (*xipp)->subsystem ||
  219                              ((*sipp)->subsystem == (*xipp)->subsystem &&
  220                               (*sipp)->order <= (*xipp)->order))
  221                                 continue;       /* skip*/
  222                         save = *sipp;
  223                         *sipp = *xipp;
  224                         *xipp = save;
  225                 }
  226         }
  227 
  228 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
  229         last = SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT;
  230         verbose = 0;
  231 #if !defined(DDB)
  232         printf("VERBOSE_SYSINIT: DDB not enabled, symbol lookups disabled.\n");
  233 #endif
  234 #endif
  235 
  236         /*
  237          * Traverse the (now) ordered list of system initialization tasks.
  238          * Perform each task, and continue on to the next task.
  239          */
  240         for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++) {
  241 
  242                 if ((*sipp)->subsystem == SI_SUB_DUMMY)
  243                         continue;       /* skip dummy task(s)*/
  244 
  245                 if ((*sipp)->subsystem == SI_SUB_DONE)
  246                         continue;
  247 
  248 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
  249                 if ((*sipp)->subsystem > last) {
  250                         verbose = 1;
  251                         last = (*sipp)->subsystem;
  252                         printf("subsystem %x\n", last);
  253                 }
  254                 if (verbose) {
  255 #if defined(DDB)
  256                         const char *func, *data;
  257 
  258                         func = symbol_name((vm_offset_t)(*sipp)->func,
  259                             DB_STGY_PROC);
  260                         data = symbol_name((vm_offset_t)(*sipp)->udata,
  261                             DB_STGY_ANY);
  262                         if (func != NULL && data != NULL)
  263                                 printf("   %s(&%s)... ", func, data);
  264                         else if (func != NULL)
  265                                 printf("   %s(%p)... ", func, (*sipp)->udata);
  266                         else
  267 #endif
  268                                 printf("   %p(%p)... ", (*sipp)->func,
  269                                     (*sipp)->udata);
  270                 }
  271 #endif
  272 
  273                 /* Call function */
  274                 (*((*sipp)->func))((*sipp)->udata);
  275 
  276 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
  277                 if (verbose)
  278                         printf("done.\n");
  279 #endif
  280 
  281                 /* Check off the one we're just done */
  282                 (*sipp)->subsystem = SI_SUB_DONE;
  283 
  284                 /* Check if we've installed more sysinit items via KLD */
  285                 if (newsysinit != NULL) {
  286                         if (sysinit != SET_BEGIN(sysinit_set))
  287                                 free(sysinit, M_TEMP);
  288                         sysinit = newsysinit;
  289                         sysinit_end = newsysinit_end;
  290                         newsysinit = NULL;
  291                         newsysinit_end = NULL;
  292                         goto restart;
  293                 }
  294         }
  295 
  296         mtx_assert(&Giant, MA_OWNED | MA_NOTRECURSED);
  297         mtx_unlock(&Giant);
  298 
  299         /*
  300          * Now hand over this thread to swapper.
  301          */
  302         swapper();
  303         /* NOTREACHED*/
  304 }
  305 
  306 
  307 /*
  308  ***************************************************************************
  309  ****
  310  **** The following SYSINIT's belong elsewhere, but have not yet
  311  **** been moved.
  312  ****
  313  ***************************************************************************
  314  */
  315 static void
  316 print_caddr_t(void *data)
  317 {
  318         printf("%s", (char *)data);
  319 }
  320 
  321 static void
  322 print_version(void *data __unused)
  323 {
  324         int len;
  325 
  326         /* Strip a trailing newline from version. */
  327         len = strlen(version);
  328         while (len > 0 && version[len - 1] == '\n')
  329                 len--;
  330         printf("%.*s %s\n", len, version, machine);
  331         printf("%s\n", compiler_version);
  332 }
  333 
  334 SYSINIT(announce, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_FIRST, print_caddr_t,
  335     copyright);
  336 SYSINIT(trademark, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_SECOND, print_caddr_t,
  337     trademark);
  338 SYSINIT(version, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_THIRD, print_version, NULL);
  339 
  340 #ifdef WITNESS
  341 static char wit_warn[] =
  342      "WARNING: WITNESS option enabled, expect reduced performance.\n";
  343 SYSINIT(witwarn, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 1,
  344    print_caddr_t, wit_warn);
  345 SYSINIT(witwarn2, SI_SUB_LAST, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 1,
  346    print_caddr_t, wit_warn);
  347 #endif
  348 
  349 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
  350 static char diag_warn[] =
  351      "WARNING: DIAGNOSTIC option enabled, expect reduced performance.\n";
  352 SYSINIT(diagwarn, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 2,
  353     print_caddr_t, diag_warn);
  354 SYSINIT(diagwarn2, SI_SUB_LAST, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 2,
  355     print_caddr_t, diag_warn);
  356 #endif
  357 
  358 static int
  359 null_fetch_syscall_args(struct thread *td __unused,
  360     struct syscall_args *sa __unused)
  361 {
  362 
  363         panic("null_fetch_syscall_args");
  364 }
  365 
  366 static void
  367 null_set_syscall_retval(struct thread *td __unused, int error __unused)
  368 {
  369 
  370         panic("null_set_syscall_retval");
  371 }
  372 
  373 struct sysentvec null_sysvec = {
  374         .sv_size        = 0,
  375         .sv_table       = NULL,
  376         .sv_mask        = 0,
  377         .sv_sigsize     = 0,
  378         .sv_sigtbl      = NULL,
  379         .sv_errsize     = 0,
  380         .sv_errtbl      = NULL,
  381         .sv_transtrap   = NULL,
  382         .sv_fixup       = NULL,
  383         .sv_sendsig     = NULL,
  384         .sv_sigcode     = NULL,
  385         .sv_szsigcode   = NULL,
  386         .sv_prepsyscall = NULL,
  387         .sv_name        = "null",
  388         .sv_coredump    = NULL,
  389         .sv_imgact_try  = NULL,
  390         .sv_minsigstksz = 0,
  391         .sv_pagesize    = PAGE_SIZE,
  392         .sv_minuser     = VM_MIN_ADDRESS,
  393         .sv_maxuser     = VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS,
  394         .sv_usrstack    = USRSTACK,
  395         .sv_psstrings   = PS_STRINGS,
  396         .sv_stackprot   = VM_PROT_ALL,
  397         .sv_copyout_strings     = NULL,
  398         .sv_setregs     = NULL,
  399         .sv_fixlimit    = NULL,
  400         .sv_maxssiz     = NULL,
  401         .sv_flags       = 0,
  402         .sv_set_syscall_retval = null_set_syscall_retval,
  403         .sv_fetch_syscall_args = null_fetch_syscall_args,
  404         .sv_syscallnames = NULL,
  405         .sv_schedtail   = NULL,
  406 };
  407 
  408 /*
  409  ***************************************************************************
  410  ****
  411  **** The two following SYSINIT's are proc0 specific glue code.  I am not
  412  **** convinced that they can not be safely combined, but their order of
  413  **** operation has been maintained as the same as the original init_main.c
  414  **** for right now.
  415  ****
  416  **** These probably belong in init_proc.c or kern_proc.c, since they
  417  **** deal with proc0 (the fork template process).
  418  ****
  419  ***************************************************************************
  420  */
  421 /* ARGSUSED*/
  422 static void
  423 proc0_init(void *dummy __unused)
  424 {
  425         struct proc *p;
  426         struct thread *td;
  427         vm_paddr_t pageablemem;
  428         int i;
  429 
  430         GIANT_REQUIRED;
  431         p = &proc0;
  432         td = &thread0;
  433         
  434         /*
  435          * Initialize magic number and osrel.
  436          */
  437         p->p_magic = P_MAGIC;
  438         p->p_osrel = osreldate;
  439 
  440         /*
  441          * Initialize thread and process structures.
  442          */
  443         procinit();     /* set up proc zone */
  444         threadinit();   /* set up UMA zones */
  445 
  446         /*
  447          * Initialise scheduler resources.
  448          * Add scheduler specific parts to proc, thread as needed.
  449          */
  450         schedinit();    /* scheduler gets its house in order */
  451         /*
  452          * Initialize sleep queue hash table
  453          */
  454         sleepinit();
  455 
  456         /*
  457          * additional VM structures
  458          */
  459         vm_init2();
  460 
  461         /*
  462          * Create process 0 (the swapper).
  463          */
  464         LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&allproc, p, p_list);
  465         LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PIDHASH(0), p, p_hash);
  466         mtx_init(&pgrp0.pg_mtx, "process group", NULL, MTX_DEF | MTX_DUPOK);
  467         p->p_pgrp = &pgrp0;
  468         LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PGRPHASH(0), &pgrp0, pg_hash);
  469         LIST_INIT(&pgrp0.pg_members);
  470         LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&pgrp0.pg_members, p, p_pglist);
  471 
  472         pgrp0.pg_session = &session0;
  473         mtx_init(&session0.s_mtx, "session", NULL, MTX_DEF);
  474         refcount_init(&session0.s_count, 1);
  475         session0.s_leader = p;
  476 
  477         p->p_sysent = &null_sysvec;
  478         p->p_flag = P_SYSTEM | P_INMEM | P_KTHREAD;
  479         p->p_flag2 = 0;
  480         p->p_state = PRS_NORMAL;
  481         knlist_init_mtx(&p->p_klist, &p->p_mtx);
  482         STAILQ_INIT(&p->p_ktr);
  483         p->p_nice = NZERO;
  484         /* pid_max cannot be greater than PID_MAX */
  485         td->td_tid = PID_MAX + 1;
  486         LIST_INSERT_HEAD(TIDHASH(td->td_tid), td, td_hash);
  487         td->td_state = TDS_RUNNING;
  488         td->td_pri_class = PRI_TIMESHARE;
  489         td->td_user_pri = PUSER;
  490         td->td_base_user_pri = PUSER;
  491         td->td_lend_user_pri = PRI_MAX;
  492         td->td_priority = PVM;
  493         td->td_base_pri = PVM;
  494         td->td_oncpu = 0;
  495         td->td_flags = TDF_INMEM|TDP_KTHREAD;
  496         td->td_cpuset = cpuset_thread0();
  497         prison0.pr_cpuset = cpuset_ref(td->td_cpuset);
  498         p->p_peers = 0;
  499         p->p_leader = p;
  500 
  501 
  502         strncpy(p->p_comm, "kernel", sizeof (p->p_comm));
  503         strncpy(td->td_name, "swapper", sizeof (td->td_name));
  504 
  505         callout_init_mtx(&p->p_itcallout, &p->p_mtx, 0);
  506         callout_init_mtx(&p->p_limco, &p->p_mtx, 0);
  507         callout_init(&td->td_slpcallout, CALLOUT_MPSAFE);
  508 
  509         /* Create credentials. */
  510         p->p_ucred = crget();
  511         p->p_ucred->cr_ngroups = 1;     /* group 0 */
  512         p->p_ucred->cr_uidinfo = uifind(0);
  513         p->p_ucred->cr_ruidinfo = uifind(0);
  514         p->p_ucred->cr_prison = &prison0;
  515         p->p_ucred->cr_loginclass = loginclass_find("default");
  516 #ifdef AUDIT
  517         audit_cred_kproc0(p->p_ucred);
  518 #endif
  519 #ifdef MAC
  520         mac_cred_create_swapper(p->p_ucred);
  521 #endif
  522         td->td_ucred = crhold(p->p_ucred);
  523 
  524         /* Create sigacts. */
  525         p->p_sigacts = sigacts_alloc();
  526 
  527         /* Initialize signal state for process 0. */
  528         siginit(&proc0);
  529 
  530         /* Create the file descriptor table. */
  531         p->p_fd = fdinit(NULL);
  532         p->p_fdtol = NULL;
  533 
  534         /* Create the limits structures. */
  535         p->p_limit = lim_alloc();
  536         for (i = 0; i < RLIM_NLIMITS; i++)
  537                 p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[i].rlim_cur =
  538                     p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[i].rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
  539         p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_cur =
  540             p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_max = maxfiles;
  541         p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_cur =
  542             p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_max = maxproc;
  543         p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA].rlim_cur = dfldsiz;
  544         p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA].rlim_max = maxdsiz;
  545         p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK].rlim_cur = dflssiz;
  546         p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK].rlim_max = maxssiz;
  547         /* Cast to avoid overflow on i386/PAE. */
  548         pageablemem = ptoa((vm_paddr_t)cnt.v_free_count);
  549         p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS].rlim_cur =
  550             p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS].rlim_max = pageablemem;
  551         p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK].rlim_cur = pageablemem / 3;
  552         p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK].rlim_max = pageablemem;
  553         p->p_cpulimit = RLIM_INFINITY;
  554 
  555         /* Initialize resource accounting structures. */
  556         racct_create(&p->p_racct);
  557 
  558         p->p_stats = pstats_alloc();
  559 
  560         /* Allocate a prototype map so we have something to fork. */
  561         pmap_pinit0(vmspace_pmap(&vmspace0));
  562         p->p_vmspace = &vmspace0;
  563         vmspace0.vm_refcnt = 1;
  564 
  565         /*
  566          * proc0 is not expected to enter usermode, so there is no special
  567          * handling for sv_minuser here, like is done for exec_new_vmspace().
  568          */
  569         vm_map_init(&vmspace0.vm_map, vmspace_pmap(&vmspace0),
  570             p->p_sysent->sv_minuser, p->p_sysent->sv_maxuser);
  571 
  572         /*
  573          * Call the init and ctor for the new thread and proc.  We wait
  574          * to do this until all other structures are fairly sane.
  575          */
  576         EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(process_init, p);
  577         EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(thread_init, td);
  578         EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(process_ctor, p);
  579         EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(thread_ctor, td);
  580 
  581         /*
  582          * Charge root for one process.
  583          */
  584         (void)chgproccnt(p->p_ucred->cr_ruidinfo, 1, 0);
  585         PROC_LOCK(p);
  586         racct_add_force(p, RACCT_NPROC, 1);
  587         PROC_UNLOCK(p);
  588 }
  589 SYSINIT(p0init, SI_SUB_INTRINSIC, SI_ORDER_FIRST, proc0_init, NULL);
  590 
  591 /* ARGSUSED*/
  592 static void
  593 proc0_post(void *dummy __unused)
  594 {
  595         struct timespec ts;
  596         struct proc *p;
  597         struct rusage ru;
  598         struct thread *td;
  599 
  600         /*
  601          * Now we can look at the time, having had a chance to verify the
  602          * time from the filesystem.  Pretend that proc0 started now.
  603          */
  604         sx_slock(&allproc_lock);
  605         FOREACH_PROC_IN_SYSTEM(p) {
  606                 microuptime(&p->p_stats->p_start);
  607                 PROC_SLOCK(p);
  608                 rufetch(p, &ru);        /* Clears thread stats */
  609                 PROC_SUNLOCK(p);
  610                 p->p_rux.rux_runtime = 0;
  611                 p->p_rux.rux_uticks = 0;
  612                 p->p_rux.rux_sticks = 0;
  613                 p->p_rux.rux_iticks = 0;
  614                 FOREACH_THREAD_IN_PROC(p, td) {
  615                         td->td_runtime = 0;
  616                 }
  617         }
  618         sx_sunlock(&allproc_lock);
  619         PCPU_SET(switchtime, cpu_ticks());
  620         PCPU_SET(switchticks, ticks);
  621 
  622         /*
  623          * Give the ``random'' number generator a thump.
  624          */
  625         nanotime(&ts);
  626         srandom(ts.tv_sec ^ ts.tv_nsec);
  627 }
  628 SYSINIT(p0post, SI_SUB_INTRINSIC_POST, SI_ORDER_FIRST, proc0_post, NULL);
  629 
  630 static void
  631 random_init(void *dummy __unused)
  632 {
  633 
  634         /*
  635          * After CPU has been started we have some randomness on most
  636          * platforms via get_cyclecount().  For platforms that don't
  637          * we will reseed random(9) in proc0_post() as well.
  638          */
  639         srandom(get_cyclecount());
  640 }
  641 SYSINIT(random, SI_SUB_RANDOM, SI_ORDER_FIRST, random_init, NULL);
  642 
  643 /*
  644  ***************************************************************************
  645  ****
  646  **** The following SYSINIT's and glue code should be moved to the
  647  **** respective files on a per subsystem basis.
  648  ****
  649  ***************************************************************************
  650  */
  651 
  652 
  653 /*
  654  ***************************************************************************
  655  ****
  656  **** The following code probably belongs in another file, like
  657  **** kern/init_init.c.
  658  ****
  659  ***************************************************************************
  660  */
  661 
  662 /*
  663  * List of paths to try when searching for "init".
  664  */
  665 static char init_path[MAXPATHLEN] =
  666 #ifdef  INIT_PATH
  667     __XSTRING(INIT_PATH);
  668 #else
  669     "/sbin/init:/sbin/oinit:/sbin/init.bak:/rescue/init:/stand/sysinstall";
  670 #endif
  671 SYSCTL_STRING(_kern, OID_AUTO, init_path, CTLFLAG_RD, init_path, 0,
  672         "Path used to search the init process");
  673 
  674 /*
  675  * Shutdown timeout of init(8).
  676  * Unused within kernel, but used to control init(8), hence do not remove.
  677  */
  678 #ifndef INIT_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT
  679 #define INIT_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT 120
  680 #endif
  681 static int init_shutdown_timeout = INIT_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT;
  682 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, init_shutdown_timeout,
  683         CTLFLAG_RW, &init_shutdown_timeout, 0, "Shutdown timeout of init(8). "
  684         "Unused within kernel, but used to control init(8)");
  685 
  686 /*
  687  * Start the initial user process; try exec'ing each pathname in init_path.
  688  * The program is invoked with one argument containing the boot flags.
  689  */
  690 static void
  691 start_init(void *dummy)
  692 {
  693         vm_offset_t addr;
  694         struct execve_args args;
  695         int options, error;
  696         char *var, *path, *next, *s;
  697         char *ucp, **uap, *arg0, *arg1;
  698         struct thread *td;
  699         struct proc *p;
  700 
  701         mtx_lock(&Giant);
  702 
  703         GIANT_REQUIRED;
  704 
  705         td = curthread;
  706         p = td->td_proc;
  707 
  708         vfs_mountroot();
  709 
  710         /*
  711          * Need just enough stack to hold the faked-up "execve()" arguments.
  712          */
  713         addr = p->p_sysent->sv_usrstack - PAGE_SIZE;
  714         if (vm_map_find(&p->p_vmspace->vm_map, NULL, 0, &addr, PAGE_SIZE,
  715                         FALSE, VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0) != 0)
  716                 panic("init: couldn't allocate argument space");
  717         p->p_vmspace->vm_maxsaddr = (caddr_t)addr;
  718         p->p_vmspace->vm_ssize = 1;
  719 
  720         if ((var = getenv("init_path")) != NULL) {
  721                 strlcpy(init_path, var, sizeof(init_path));
  722                 freeenv(var);
  723         }
  724         
  725         for (path = init_path; *path != '\0'; path = next) {
  726                 while (*path == ':')
  727                         path++;
  728                 if (*path == '\0')
  729                         break;
  730                 for (next = path; *next != '\0' && *next != ':'; next++)
  731                         /* nothing */ ;
  732                 if (bootverbose)
  733                         printf("start_init: trying %.*s\n", (int)(next - path),
  734                             path);
  735                         
  736                 /*
  737                  * Move out the boot flag argument.
  738                  */
  739                 options = 0;
  740                 ucp = (char *)p->p_sysent->sv_usrstack;
  741                 (void)subyte(--ucp, 0);         /* trailing zero */
  742                 if (boothowto & RB_SINGLE) {
  743                         (void)subyte(--ucp, 's');
  744                         options = 1;
  745                 }
  746 #ifdef notyet
  747                 if (boothowto & RB_FASTBOOT) {
  748                         (void)subyte(--ucp, 'f');
  749                         options = 1;
  750                 }
  751 #endif
  752 
  753 #ifdef BOOTCDROM
  754                 (void)subyte(--ucp, 'C');
  755                 options = 1;
  756 #endif
  757 
  758                 if (options == 0)
  759                         (void)subyte(--ucp, '-');
  760                 (void)subyte(--ucp, '-');               /* leading hyphen */
  761                 arg1 = ucp;
  762 
  763                 /*
  764                  * Move out the file name (also arg 0).
  765                  */
  766                 (void)subyte(--ucp, 0);
  767                 for (s = next - 1; s >= path; s--)
  768                         (void)subyte(--ucp, *s);
  769                 arg0 = ucp;
  770 
  771                 /*
  772                  * Move out the arg pointers.
  773                  */
  774                 uap = (char **)((intptr_t)ucp & ~(sizeof(intptr_t)-1));
  775                 (void)suword((caddr_t)--uap, (long)0);  /* terminator */
  776                 (void)suword((caddr_t)--uap, (long)(intptr_t)arg1);
  777                 (void)suword((caddr_t)--uap, (long)(intptr_t)arg0);
  778 
  779                 /*
  780                  * Point at the arguments.
  781                  */
  782                 args.fname = arg0;
  783                 args.argv = uap;
  784                 args.envv = NULL;
  785 
  786                 /*
  787                  * Now try to exec the program.  If can't for any reason
  788                  * other than it doesn't exist, complain.
  789                  *
  790                  * Otherwise, return via fork_trampoline() all the way
  791                  * to user mode as init!
  792                  */
  793                 if ((error = sys_execve(td, &args)) == 0) {
  794                         mtx_unlock(&Giant);
  795                         return;
  796                 }
  797                 if (error != ENOENT)
  798                         printf("exec %.*s: error %d\n", (int)(next - path), 
  799                             path, error);
  800         }
  801         printf("init: not found in path %s\n", init_path);
  802         panic("no init");
  803 }
  804 
  805 /*
  806  * Like kproc_create(), but runs in it's own address space.
  807  * We do this early to reserve pid 1.
  808  *
  809  * Note special case - do not make it runnable yet.  Other work
  810  * in progress will change this more.
  811  */
  812 static void
  813 create_init(const void *udata __unused)
  814 {
  815         struct ucred *newcred, *oldcred;
  816         int error;
  817 
  818         error = fork1(&thread0, RFFDG | RFPROC | RFSTOPPED, 0, &initproc,
  819             NULL, 0);
  820         if (error)
  821                 panic("cannot fork init: %d\n", error);
  822         KASSERT(initproc->p_pid == 1, ("create_init: initproc->p_pid != 1"));
  823         /* divorce init's credentials from the kernel's */
  824         newcred = crget();
  825         PROC_LOCK(initproc);
  826         initproc->p_flag |= P_SYSTEM | P_INMEM;
  827         oldcred = initproc->p_ucred;
  828         crcopy(newcred, oldcred);
  829 #ifdef MAC
  830         mac_cred_create_init(newcred);
  831 #endif
  832 #ifdef AUDIT
  833         audit_cred_proc1(newcred);
  834 #endif
  835         initproc->p_ucred = newcred;
  836         PROC_UNLOCK(initproc);
  837         crfree(oldcred);
  838         cred_update_thread(FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(initproc));
  839         cpu_set_fork_handler(FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(initproc), start_init, NULL);
  840 }
  841 SYSINIT(init, SI_SUB_CREATE_INIT, SI_ORDER_FIRST, create_init, NULL);
  842 
  843 /*
  844  * Make it runnable now.
  845  */
  846 static void
  847 kick_init(const void *udata __unused)
  848 {
  849         struct thread *td;
  850 
  851         td = FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(initproc);
  852         thread_lock(td);
  853         TD_SET_CAN_RUN(td);
  854         sched_add(td, SRQ_BORING);
  855         thread_unlock(td);
  856 }
  857 SYSINIT(kickinit, SI_SUB_KTHREAD_INIT, SI_ORDER_FIRST, kick_init, NULL);

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