The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, Second Edition
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FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/kern/kern_poll.c

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    1 /*-
    2  * Copyright (c) 2001-2002 Luigi Rizzo
    3  *
    4  * Supported by: the Xorp Project (www.xorp.org)
    5  *
    6  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    7  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
    8  * are met:
    9  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   10  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   11  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   13  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   14  *
   15  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
   16  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   17  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   18  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   19  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   20  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   21  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   22  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   23  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
   24  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   25  * SUCH DAMAGE.
   26  */
   27 
   28 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
   29 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD: releng/10.1/sys/kern/kern_poll.c 261276 2014-01-29 21:57:00Z brooks $");
   30 
   31 #include "opt_device_polling.h"
   32 
   33 #include <sys/param.h>
   34 #include <sys/systm.h>
   35 #include <sys/kernel.h>
   36 #include <sys/kthread.h>
   37 #include <sys/proc.h>
   38 #include <sys/eventhandler.h>
   39 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
   40 #include <sys/socket.h>                 /* needed by net/if.h           */
   41 #include <sys/sockio.h>
   42 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
   43 #include <sys/syslog.h>
   44 
   45 #include <net/if.h>                     /* for IFF_* flags              */
   46 #include <net/netisr.h>                 /* for NETISR_POLL              */
   47 #include <net/vnet.h>
   48 
   49 void hardclock_device_poll(void);       /* hook from hardclock          */
   50 
   51 static struct mtx       poll_mtx;
   52 
   53 /*
   54  * Polling support for [network] device drivers.
   55  *
   56  * Drivers which support this feature can register with the
   57  * polling code.
   58  *
   59  * If registration is successful, the driver must disable interrupts,
   60  * and further I/O is performed through the handler, which is invoked
   61  * (at least once per clock tick) with 3 arguments: the "arg" passed at
   62  * register time (a struct ifnet pointer), a command, and a "count" limit.
   63  *
   64  * The command can be one of the following:
   65  *  POLL_ONLY: quick move of "count" packets from input/output queues.
   66  *  POLL_AND_CHECK_STATUS: as above, plus check status registers or do
   67  *      other more expensive operations. This command is issued periodically
   68  *      but less frequently than POLL_ONLY.
   69  *
   70  * The count limit specifies how much work the handler can do during the
   71  * call -- typically this is the number of packets to be received, or
   72  * transmitted, etc. (drivers are free to interpret this number, as long
   73  * as the max time spent in the function grows roughly linearly with the
   74  * count).
   75  *
   76  * Polling is enabled and disabled via setting IFCAP_POLLING flag on
   77  * the interface. The driver ioctl handler should register interface
   78  * with polling and disable interrupts, if registration was successful.
   79  *
   80  * A second variable controls the sharing of CPU between polling/kernel
   81  * network processing, and other activities (typically userlevel tasks):
   82  * kern.polling.user_frac (between 0 and 100, default 50) sets the share
   83  * of CPU allocated to user tasks. CPU is allocated proportionally to the
   84  * shares, by dynamically adjusting the "count" (poll_burst).
   85  *
   86  * Other parameters can should be left to their default values.
   87  * The following constraints hold
   88  *
   89  *      1 <= poll_each_burst <= poll_burst <= poll_burst_max
   90  *      MIN_POLL_BURST_MAX <= poll_burst_max <= MAX_POLL_BURST_MAX
   91  */
   92 
   93 #define MIN_POLL_BURST_MAX      10
   94 #define MAX_POLL_BURST_MAX      20000
   95 
   96 static uint32_t poll_burst = 5;
   97 static uint32_t poll_burst_max = 150;   /* good for 100Mbit net and HZ=1000 */
   98 static uint32_t poll_each_burst = 5;
   99 
  100 static SYSCTL_NODE(_kern, OID_AUTO, polling, CTLFLAG_RW, 0,
  101         "Device polling parameters");
  102 
  103 SYSCTL_UINT(_kern_polling, OID_AUTO, burst, CTLFLAG_RD,
  104         &poll_burst, 0, "Current polling burst size");
  105 
  106 static int      netisr_poll_scheduled;
  107 static int      netisr_pollmore_scheduled;
  108 static int      poll_shutting_down;
  109 
  110 static int poll_burst_max_sysctl(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
  111 {
  112         uint32_t val = poll_burst_max;
  113         int error;
  114 
  115         error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &val, 0, req);
  116         if (error || !req->newptr )
  117                 return (error);
  118         if (val < MIN_POLL_BURST_MAX || val > MAX_POLL_BURST_MAX)
  119                 return (EINVAL);
  120 
  121         mtx_lock(&poll_mtx);
  122         poll_burst_max = val;
  123         if (poll_burst > poll_burst_max)
  124                 poll_burst = poll_burst_max;
  125         if (poll_each_burst > poll_burst_max)
  126                 poll_each_burst = MIN_POLL_BURST_MAX;
  127         mtx_unlock(&poll_mtx);
  128 
  129         return (0);
  130 }
  131 SYSCTL_PROC(_kern_polling, OID_AUTO, burst_max, CTLTYPE_UINT | CTLFLAG_RW,
  132         0, sizeof(uint32_t), poll_burst_max_sysctl, "I", "Max Polling burst size");
  133 
  134 static int poll_each_burst_sysctl(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
  135 {
  136         uint32_t val = poll_each_burst;
  137         int error;
  138 
  139         error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &val, 0, req);
  140         if (error || !req->newptr )
  141                 return (error);
  142         if (val < 1)
  143                 return (EINVAL);
  144 
  145         mtx_lock(&poll_mtx);
  146         if (val > poll_burst_max) {
  147                 mtx_unlock(&poll_mtx);
  148                 return (EINVAL);
  149         }
  150         poll_each_burst = val;
  151         mtx_unlock(&poll_mtx);
  152 
  153         return (0);
  154 }
  155 SYSCTL_PROC(_kern_polling, OID_AUTO, each_burst, CTLTYPE_UINT | CTLFLAG_RW,
  156         0, sizeof(uint32_t), poll_each_burst_sysctl, "I",
  157         "Max size of each burst");
  158 
  159 static uint32_t poll_in_idle_loop=0;    /* do we poll in idle loop ? */
  160 SYSCTL_UINT(_kern_polling, OID_AUTO, idle_poll, CTLFLAG_RW,
  161         &poll_in_idle_loop, 0, "Enable device polling in idle loop");
  162 
  163 static uint32_t user_frac = 50;
  164 static int user_frac_sysctl(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
  165 {
  166         uint32_t val = user_frac;
  167         int error;
  168 
  169         error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &val, 0, req);
  170         if (error || !req->newptr )
  171                 return (error);
  172         if (val > 99)
  173                 return (EINVAL);
  174 
  175         mtx_lock(&poll_mtx);
  176         user_frac = val;
  177         mtx_unlock(&poll_mtx);
  178 
  179         return (0);
  180 }
  181 SYSCTL_PROC(_kern_polling, OID_AUTO, user_frac, CTLTYPE_UINT | CTLFLAG_RW,
  182         0, sizeof(uint32_t), user_frac_sysctl, "I",
  183         "Desired user fraction of cpu time");
  184 
  185 static uint32_t reg_frac_count = 0;
  186 static uint32_t reg_frac = 20 ;
  187 static int reg_frac_sysctl(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
  188 {
  189         uint32_t val = reg_frac;
  190         int error;
  191 
  192         error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &val, 0, req);
  193         if (error || !req->newptr )
  194                 return (error);
  195         if (val < 1 || val > hz)
  196                 return (EINVAL);
  197 
  198         mtx_lock(&poll_mtx);
  199         reg_frac = val;
  200         if (reg_frac_count >= reg_frac)
  201                 reg_frac_count = 0;
  202         mtx_unlock(&poll_mtx);
  203 
  204         return (0);
  205 }
  206 SYSCTL_PROC(_kern_polling, OID_AUTO, reg_frac, CTLTYPE_UINT | CTLFLAG_RW,
  207         0, sizeof(uint32_t), reg_frac_sysctl, "I",
  208         "Every this many cycles check registers");
  209 
  210 static uint32_t short_ticks;
  211 SYSCTL_UINT(_kern_polling, OID_AUTO, short_ticks, CTLFLAG_RD,
  212         &short_ticks, 0, "Hardclock ticks shorter than they should be");
  213 
  214 static uint32_t lost_polls;
  215 SYSCTL_UINT(_kern_polling, OID_AUTO, lost_polls, CTLFLAG_RD,
  216         &lost_polls, 0, "How many times we would have lost a poll tick");
  217 
  218 static uint32_t pending_polls;
  219 SYSCTL_UINT(_kern_polling, OID_AUTO, pending_polls, CTLFLAG_RD,
  220         &pending_polls, 0, "Do we need to poll again");
  221 
  222 static int residual_burst = 0;
  223 SYSCTL_INT(_kern_polling, OID_AUTO, residual_burst, CTLFLAG_RD,
  224         &residual_burst, 0, "# of residual cycles in burst");
  225 
  226 static uint32_t poll_handlers; /* next free entry in pr[]. */
  227 SYSCTL_UINT(_kern_polling, OID_AUTO, handlers, CTLFLAG_RD,
  228         &poll_handlers, 0, "Number of registered poll handlers");
  229 
  230 static uint32_t phase;
  231 SYSCTL_UINT(_kern_polling, OID_AUTO, phase, CTLFLAG_RD,
  232         &phase, 0, "Polling phase");
  233 
  234 static uint32_t suspect;
  235 SYSCTL_UINT(_kern_polling, OID_AUTO, suspect, CTLFLAG_RD,
  236         &suspect, 0, "suspect event");
  237 
  238 static uint32_t stalled;
  239 SYSCTL_UINT(_kern_polling, OID_AUTO, stalled, CTLFLAG_RD,
  240         &stalled, 0, "potential stalls");
  241 
  242 static uint32_t idlepoll_sleeping; /* idlepoll is sleeping */
  243 SYSCTL_UINT(_kern_polling, OID_AUTO, idlepoll_sleeping, CTLFLAG_RD,
  244         &idlepoll_sleeping, 0, "idlepoll is sleeping");
  245 
  246 
  247 #define POLL_LIST_LEN  128
  248 struct pollrec {
  249         poll_handler_t  *handler;
  250         struct ifnet    *ifp;
  251 };
  252 
  253 static struct pollrec pr[POLL_LIST_LEN];
  254 
  255 static void
  256 poll_shutdown(void *arg, int howto)
  257 {
  258 
  259         poll_shutting_down = 1;
  260 }
  261 
  262 static void
  263 init_device_poll(void)
  264 {
  265 
  266         mtx_init(&poll_mtx, "polling", NULL, MTX_DEF);
  267         EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(shutdown_post_sync, poll_shutdown, NULL,
  268             SHUTDOWN_PRI_LAST);
  269 }
  270 SYSINIT(device_poll, SI_SUB_SOFTINTR, SI_ORDER_MIDDLE, init_device_poll, NULL);
  271 
  272 
  273 /*
  274  * Hook from hardclock. Tries to schedule a netisr, but keeps track
  275  * of lost ticks due to the previous handler taking too long.
  276  * Normally, this should not happen, because polling handler should
  277  * run for a short time. However, in some cases (e.g. when there are
  278  * changes in link status etc.) the drivers take a very long time
  279  * (even in the order of milliseconds) to reset and reconfigure the
  280  * device, causing apparent lost polls.
  281  *
  282  * The first part of the code is just for debugging purposes, and tries
  283  * to count how often hardclock ticks are shorter than they should,
  284  * meaning either stray interrupts or delayed events.
  285  */
  286 void
  287 hardclock_device_poll(void)
  288 {
  289         static struct timeval prev_t, t;
  290         int delta;
  291 
  292         if (poll_handlers == 0 || poll_shutting_down)
  293                 return;
  294 
  295         microuptime(&t);
  296         delta = (t.tv_usec - prev_t.tv_usec) +
  297                 (t.tv_sec - prev_t.tv_sec)*1000000;
  298         if (delta * hz < 500000)
  299                 short_ticks++;
  300         else
  301                 prev_t = t;
  302 
  303         if (pending_polls > 100) {
  304                 /*
  305                  * Too much, assume it has stalled (not always true
  306                  * see comment above).
  307                  */
  308                 stalled++;
  309                 pending_polls = 0;
  310                 phase = 0;
  311         }
  312 
  313         if (phase <= 2) {
  314                 if (phase != 0)
  315                         suspect++;
  316                 phase = 1;
  317                 netisr_poll_scheduled = 1;
  318                 netisr_pollmore_scheduled = 1;
  319                 netisr_sched_poll();
  320                 phase = 2;
  321         }
  322         if (pending_polls++ > 0)
  323                 lost_polls++;
  324 }
  325 
  326 /*
  327  * ether_poll is called from the idle loop.
  328  */
  329 static void
  330 ether_poll(int count)
  331 {
  332         int i;
  333 
  334         mtx_lock(&poll_mtx);
  335 
  336         if (count > poll_each_burst)
  337                 count = poll_each_burst;
  338 
  339         for (i = 0 ; i < poll_handlers ; i++)
  340                 pr[i].handler(pr[i].ifp, POLL_ONLY, count);
  341 
  342         mtx_unlock(&poll_mtx);
  343 }
  344 
  345 /*
  346  * netisr_pollmore is called after other netisr's, possibly scheduling
  347  * another NETISR_POLL call, or adapting the burst size for the next cycle.
  348  *
  349  * It is very bad to fetch large bursts of packets from a single card at once,
  350  * because the burst could take a long time to be completely processed, or
  351  * could saturate the intermediate queue (ipintrq or similar) leading to
  352  * losses or unfairness. To reduce the problem, and also to account better for
  353  * time spent in network-related processing, we split the burst in smaller
  354  * chunks of fixed size, giving control to the other netisr's between chunks.
  355  * This helps in improving the fairness, reducing livelock (because we
  356  * emulate more closely the "process to completion" that we have with
  357  * fastforwarding) and accounting for the work performed in low level
  358  * handling and forwarding.
  359  */
  360 
  361 static struct timeval poll_start_t;
  362 
  363 void
  364 netisr_pollmore()
  365 {
  366         struct timeval t;
  367         int kern_load;
  368 
  369         mtx_lock(&poll_mtx);
  370         if (!netisr_pollmore_scheduled) {
  371                 mtx_unlock(&poll_mtx);
  372                 return;
  373         }
  374         netisr_pollmore_scheduled = 0;
  375         phase = 5;
  376         if (residual_burst > 0) {
  377                 netisr_poll_scheduled = 1;
  378                 netisr_pollmore_scheduled = 1;
  379                 netisr_sched_poll();
  380                 mtx_unlock(&poll_mtx);
  381                 /* will run immediately on return, followed by netisrs */
  382                 return;
  383         }
  384         /* here we can account time spent in netisr's in this tick */
  385         microuptime(&t);
  386         kern_load = (t.tv_usec - poll_start_t.tv_usec) +
  387                 (t.tv_sec - poll_start_t.tv_sec)*1000000;       /* us */
  388         kern_load = (kern_load * hz) / 10000;                   /* 0..100 */
  389         if (kern_load > (100 - user_frac)) { /* try decrease ticks */
  390                 if (poll_burst > 1)
  391                         poll_burst--;
  392         } else {
  393                 if (poll_burst < poll_burst_max)
  394                         poll_burst++;
  395         }
  396 
  397         pending_polls--;
  398         if (pending_polls == 0) /* we are done */
  399                 phase = 0;
  400         else {
  401                 /*
  402                  * Last cycle was long and caused us to miss one or more
  403                  * hardclock ticks. Restart processing again, but slightly
  404                  * reduce the burst size to prevent that this happens again.
  405                  */
  406                 poll_burst -= (poll_burst / 8);
  407                 if (poll_burst < 1)
  408                         poll_burst = 1;
  409                 netisr_poll_scheduled = 1;
  410                 netisr_pollmore_scheduled = 1;
  411                 netisr_sched_poll();
  412                 phase = 6;
  413         }
  414         mtx_unlock(&poll_mtx);
  415 }
  416 
  417 /*
  418  * netisr_poll is typically scheduled once per tick.
  419  */
  420 void
  421 netisr_poll(void)
  422 {
  423         int i, cycles;
  424         enum poll_cmd arg = POLL_ONLY;
  425 
  426         mtx_lock(&poll_mtx);
  427         if (!netisr_poll_scheduled) {
  428                 mtx_unlock(&poll_mtx);
  429                 return;
  430         }
  431         netisr_poll_scheduled = 0;
  432         phase = 3;
  433         if (residual_burst == 0) { /* first call in this tick */
  434                 microuptime(&poll_start_t);
  435                 if (++reg_frac_count == reg_frac) {
  436                         arg = POLL_AND_CHECK_STATUS;
  437                         reg_frac_count = 0;
  438                 }
  439 
  440                 residual_burst = poll_burst;
  441         }
  442         cycles = (residual_burst < poll_each_burst) ?
  443                 residual_burst : poll_each_burst;
  444         residual_burst -= cycles;
  445 
  446         for (i = 0 ; i < poll_handlers ; i++)
  447                 pr[i].handler(pr[i].ifp, arg, cycles);
  448 
  449         phase = 4;
  450         mtx_unlock(&poll_mtx);
  451 }
  452 
  453 /*
  454  * Try to register routine for polling. Returns 0 if successful
  455  * (and polling should be enabled), error code otherwise.
  456  * A device is not supposed to register itself multiple times.
  457  *
  458  * This is called from within the *_ioctl() functions.
  459  */
  460 int
  461 ether_poll_register(poll_handler_t *h, struct ifnet *ifp)
  462 {
  463         int i;
  464 
  465         KASSERT(h != NULL, ("%s: handler is NULL", __func__));
  466         KASSERT(ifp != NULL, ("%s: ifp is NULL", __func__));
  467 
  468         mtx_lock(&poll_mtx);
  469         if (poll_handlers >= POLL_LIST_LEN) {
  470                 /*
  471                  * List full, cannot register more entries.
  472                  * This should never happen; if it does, it is probably a
  473                  * broken driver trying to register multiple times. Checking
  474                  * this at runtime is expensive, and won't solve the problem
  475                  * anyways, so just report a few times and then give up.
  476                  */
  477                 static int verbose = 10 ;
  478                 if (verbose >0) {
  479                         log(LOG_ERR, "poll handlers list full, "
  480                             "maybe a broken driver ?\n");
  481                         verbose--;
  482                 }
  483                 mtx_unlock(&poll_mtx);
  484                 return (ENOMEM); /* no polling for you */
  485         }
  486 
  487         for (i = 0 ; i < poll_handlers ; i++)
  488                 if (pr[i].ifp == ifp && pr[i].handler != NULL) {
  489                         mtx_unlock(&poll_mtx);
  490                         log(LOG_DEBUG, "ether_poll_register: %s: handler"
  491                             " already registered\n", ifp->if_xname);
  492                         return (EEXIST);
  493                 }
  494 
  495         pr[poll_handlers].handler = h;
  496         pr[poll_handlers].ifp = ifp;
  497         poll_handlers++;
  498         mtx_unlock(&poll_mtx);
  499         if (idlepoll_sleeping)
  500                 wakeup(&idlepoll_sleeping);
  501         return (0);
  502 }
  503 
  504 /*
  505  * Remove interface from the polling list. Called from *_ioctl(), too.
  506  */
  507 int
  508 ether_poll_deregister(struct ifnet *ifp)
  509 {
  510         int i;
  511 
  512         KASSERT(ifp != NULL, ("%s: ifp is NULL", __func__));
  513 
  514         mtx_lock(&poll_mtx);
  515 
  516         for (i = 0 ; i < poll_handlers ; i++)
  517                 if (pr[i].ifp == ifp) /* found it */
  518                         break;
  519         if (i == poll_handlers) {
  520                 log(LOG_DEBUG, "ether_poll_deregister: %s: not found!\n",
  521                     ifp->if_xname);
  522                 mtx_unlock(&poll_mtx);
  523                 return (ENOENT);
  524         }
  525         poll_handlers--;
  526         if (i < poll_handlers) { /* Last entry replaces this one. */
  527                 pr[i].handler = pr[poll_handlers].handler;
  528                 pr[i].ifp = pr[poll_handlers].ifp;
  529         }
  530         mtx_unlock(&poll_mtx);
  531         return (0);
  532 }
  533 
  534 static void
  535 poll_idle(void)
  536 {
  537         struct thread *td = curthread;
  538         struct rtprio rtp;
  539 
  540         rtp.prio = RTP_PRIO_MAX;        /* lowest priority */
  541         rtp.type = RTP_PRIO_IDLE;
  542         PROC_SLOCK(td->td_proc);
  543         rtp_to_pri(&rtp, td);
  544         PROC_SUNLOCK(td->td_proc);
  545 
  546         for (;;) {
  547                 if (poll_in_idle_loop && poll_handlers > 0) {
  548                         idlepoll_sleeping = 0;
  549                         ether_poll(poll_each_burst);
  550                         thread_lock(td);
  551                         mi_switch(SW_VOL, NULL);
  552                         thread_unlock(td);
  553                 } else {
  554                         idlepoll_sleeping = 1;
  555                         tsleep(&idlepoll_sleeping, 0, "pollid", hz * 3);
  556                 }
  557         }
  558 }
  559 
  560 static struct proc *idlepoll;
  561 static struct kproc_desc idlepoll_kp = {
  562          "idlepoll",
  563          poll_idle,
  564          &idlepoll
  565 };
  566 SYSINIT(idlepoll, SI_SUB_KTHREAD_VM, SI_ORDER_ANY, kproc_start,
  567     &idlepoll_kp);

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