FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/kern/kern_prot.c

     /*-
      * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993
      *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
      * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
      * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
      * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
      * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
      * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
      * Copyright (c) 2000-2001 Robert N. M. Watson.  All rights reserved.
     *
     * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
     * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
     * are met:
     * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
     *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
     *    without specific prior written permission.
     *
     * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
     * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
     * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
     * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
     * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
     * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
     * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
     * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
     * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     * SUCH DAMAGE.
     *
     *      @(#)kern_prot.c 8.6 (Berkeley) 1/21/94
     */
    
    /*
     * System calls related to processes and protection
     */
    
    #include <sys/cdefs.h>
    __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
    
    #include "opt_compat.h"
    #include "opt_mac.h"
    
    #include <sys/param.h>
    #include <sys/systm.h>
    #include <sys/acct.h>
    #include <sys/kdb.h>
    #include <sys/kernel.h>
    #include <sys/lock.h>
    #include <sys/mac.h>
    #include <sys/malloc.h>
    #include <sys/mutex.h>
    #include <sys/sx.h>
    #include <sys/proc.h>
    #include <sys/sysproto.h>
    #include <sys/jail.h>
    #include <sys/pioctl.h>
    #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
    #include <sys/socket.h>
    #include <sys/socketvar.h>
    #include <sys/sysctl.h>
    
    static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_CRED, "cred", "credentials");
    
    SYSCTL_DECL(_security);
    SYSCTL_NODE(_security, OID_AUTO, bsd, CTLFLAG_RW, 0,
        "BSD security policy");
    
    #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
    struct getpid_args {
            int     dummy;
    };
    #endif
    /*
     * MPSAFE
     */
    /* ARGSUSED */
    int
    getpid(struct thread *td, struct getpid_args *uap)
    {
            struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
    
            td->td_retval[0] = p->p_pid;
    #if defined(COMPAT_43)
            PROC_LOCK(p);
            td->td_retval[1] = p->p_pptr->p_pid;
            PROC_UNLOCK(p);
    #endif
            return (0);
    }
    
    #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
    struct getppid_args {
            int     dummy;
    };
   #endif
   /*
    * MPSAFE
    */
   /* ARGSUSED */
   int
   getppid(struct thread *td, struct getppid_args *uap)
   {
           struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
   
           PROC_LOCK(p);
           td->td_retval[0] = p->p_pptr->p_pid;
           PROC_UNLOCK(p);
           return (0);
   }
   
   /*
    * Get process group ID; note that POSIX getpgrp takes no parameter.
    */
   #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
   struct getpgrp_args {
           int     dummy;
   };
   #endif
   /*
    * MPSAFE
    */
   int
   getpgrp(struct thread *td, struct getpgrp_args *uap)
   {
           struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
   
           PROC_LOCK(p);
           td->td_retval[0] = p->p_pgrp->pg_id;
           PROC_UNLOCK(p);
           return (0);
   }
   
   /* Get an arbitary pid's process group id */
   #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
   struct getpgid_args {
           pid_t   pid;
   };
   #endif
   /*
    * MPSAFE
    */
   int
   getpgid(struct thread *td, struct getpgid_args *uap)
   {
           struct proc *p;
           int error;
   
           if (uap->pid == 0) {
                   p = td->td_proc;
                   PROC_LOCK(p);
           } else {
                   p = pfind(uap->pid);
                   if (p == NULL)
                           return (ESRCH);
                   error = p_cansee(td, p);
                   if (error) {
                           PROC_UNLOCK(p);
                           return (error);
                   }
           }
           td->td_retval[0] = p->p_pgrp->pg_id;
           PROC_UNLOCK(p);
           return (0);
   }
   
   /*
    * Get an arbitary pid's session id.
    */
   #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
   struct getsid_args {
           pid_t   pid;
   };
   #endif
   /*
    * MPSAFE
    */
   int
   getsid(struct thread *td, struct getsid_args *uap)
   {
           struct proc *p;
           int error;
   
           if (uap->pid == 0) {
                   p = td->td_proc;
                   PROC_LOCK(p);
           } else {
                   p = pfind(uap->pid);
                   if (p == NULL)
                           return (ESRCH);
                   error = p_cansee(td, p);
                   if (error) {
                           PROC_UNLOCK(p);
                           return (error);
                   }
           }
           td->td_retval[0] = p->p_session->s_sid;
           PROC_UNLOCK(p);
           return (0);
   }
   
   #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
   struct getuid_args {
           int     dummy;
   };
   #endif
   /*
    * MPSAFE
    */
   /* ARGSUSED */
   int
   getuid(struct thread *td, struct getuid_args *uap)
   {
   
           td->td_retval[0] = td->td_ucred->cr_ruid;
   #if defined(COMPAT_43)
           td->td_retval[1] = td->td_ucred->cr_uid;
   #endif
           return (0);
   }
   
   #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
   struct geteuid_args {
           int     dummy;
   };
   #endif
   /*
    * MPSAFE
    */
   /* ARGSUSED */
   int
   geteuid(struct thread *td, struct geteuid_args *uap)
   {
   
           td->td_retval[0] = td->td_ucred->cr_uid;
           return (0);
   }
   
   #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
   struct getgid_args {
           int     dummy;
   };
   #endif
   /*
    * MPSAFE
    */
   /* ARGSUSED */
   int
   getgid(struct thread *td, struct getgid_args *uap)
   {
   
           td->td_retval[0] = td->td_ucred->cr_rgid;
   #if defined(COMPAT_43)
           td->td_retval[1] = td->td_ucred->cr_groups[0];
   #endif
           return (0);
   }
   
   /*
    * Get effective group ID.  The "egid" is groups[0], and could be obtained
    * via getgroups.  This syscall exists because it is somewhat painful to do
    * correctly in a library function.
    */
   #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
   struct getegid_args {
           int     dummy;
   };
   #endif
   /*
    * MPSAFE
    */
   /* ARGSUSED */
   int
   getegid(struct thread *td, struct getegid_args *uap)
   {
   
           td->td_retval[0] = td->td_ucred->cr_groups[0];
           return (0);
   }
   
   #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
   struct getgroups_args {
           u_int   gidsetsize;
           gid_t   *gidset;
   };
   #endif
   /*
    * MPSAFE
    */
   int
   getgroups(struct thread *td, register struct getgroups_args *uap)
   {
           struct ucred *cred;
           u_int ngrp;
           int error;
   
           cred = td->td_ucred;
           if ((ngrp = uap->gidsetsize) == 0) {
                   td->td_retval[0] = cred->cr_ngroups;
                   return (0);
           }
           if (ngrp < cred->cr_ngroups)
                   return (EINVAL);
           ngrp = cred->cr_ngroups;
           error = copyout(cred->cr_groups, uap->gidset, ngrp * sizeof(gid_t));
           if (error == 0)
                   td->td_retval[0] = ngrp;
           return (error);
   }
   
   #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
   struct setsid_args {
           int     dummy;
   };
   #endif
   /*
    * MPSAFE
    */
   /* ARGSUSED */
   int
   setsid(register struct thread *td, struct setsid_args *uap)
   {
           struct pgrp *pgrp;
           int error;
           struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
           struct pgrp *newpgrp;
           struct session *newsess;
   
           error = 0;
           pgrp = NULL;
   
           MALLOC(newpgrp, struct pgrp *, sizeof(struct pgrp), M_PGRP, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
           MALLOC(newsess, struct session *, sizeof(struct session), M_SESSION, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
   
           sx_xlock(&proctree_lock);
   
           if (p->p_pgid == p->p_pid || (pgrp = pgfind(p->p_pid)) != NULL) {
                   if (pgrp != NULL)
                           PGRP_UNLOCK(pgrp);
                   error = EPERM;
           } else {
                   (void)enterpgrp(p, p->p_pid, newpgrp, newsess);
                   td->td_retval[0] = p->p_pid;
                   newpgrp = NULL;
                   newsess = NULL;
           }
   
           sx_xunlock(&proctree_lock);
   
           if (newpgrp != NULL)
                   FREE(newpgrp, M_PGRP);
           if (newsess != NULL)
                   FREE(newsess, M_SESSION);
   
           return (error);
   }
   
   /*
    * set process group (setpgid/old setpgrp)
    *
    * caller does setpgid(targpid, targpgid)
    *
    * pid must be caller or child of caller (ESRCH)
    * if a child
    *      pid must be in same session (EPERM)
    *      pid can't have done an exec (EACCES)
    * if pgid != pid
    *      there must exist some pid in same session having pgid (EPERM)
    * pid must not be session leader (EPERM)
    */
   #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
   struct setpgid_args {
           int     pid;            /* target process id */
           int     pgid;           /* target pgrp id */
   };
   #endif
   /*
    * MPSAFE
    */
   /* ARGSUSED */
   int
   setpgid(struct thread *td, register struct setpgid_args *uap)
   {
           struct proc *curp = td->td_proc;
           register struct proc *targp;    /* target process */
           register struct pgrp *pgrp;     /* target pgrp */
           int error;
           struct pgrp *newpgrp;
   
           if (uap->pgid < 0)
                   return (EINVAL);
   
           error = 0;
   
           MALLOC(newpgrp, struct pgrp *, sizeof(struct pgrp), M_PGRP, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
   
           sx_xlock(&proctree_lock);
           if (uap->pid != 0 && uap->pid != curp->p_pid) {
                   if ((targp = pfind(uap->pid)) == NULL) {
                           error = ESRCH;
                           goto done;
                   }
                   if (!inferior(targp)) {
                           PROC_UNLOCK(targp);
                           error = ESRCH;
                           goto done;
                   }
                   if ((error = p_cansee(td, targp))) {
                           PROC_UNLOCK(targp);
                           goto done;
                   }
                   if (targp->p_pgrp == NULL ||
                       targp->p_session != curp->p_session) {
                           PROC_UNLOCK(targp);
                           error = EPERM;
                           goto done;
                   }
                   if (targp->p_flag & P_EXEC) {
                           PROC_UNLOCK(targp);
                           error = EACCES;
                           goto done;
                   }
                   PROC_UNLOCK(targp);
           } else
                   targp = curp;
           if (SESS_LEADER(targp)) {
                   error = EPERM;
                   goto done;
           }
           if (uap->pgid == 0)
                   uap->pgid = targp->p_pid;
           if ((pgrp = pgfind(uap->pgid)) == NULL) {
                   if (uap->pgid == targp->p_pid) {
                           error = enterpgrp(targp, uap->pgid, newpgrp,
                               NULL);
                           if (error == 0)
                                   newpgrp = NULL;
                   } else
                           error = EPERM;
           } else {
                   if (pgrp == targp->p_pgrp) {
                           PGRP_UNLOCK(pgrp);
                           goto done;
                   }
                   if (pgrp->pg_id != targp->p_pid &&
                       pgrp->pg_session != curp->p_session) {
                           PGRP_UNLOCK(pgrp);
                           error = EPERM;
                           goto done;
                   }
                   PGRP_UNLOCK(pgrp);
                   error = enterthispgrp(targp, pgrp);
           }
   done:
           sx_xunlock(&proctree_lock);
           KASSERT((error == 0) || (newpgrp != NULL),
               ("setpgid failed and newpgrp is NULL"));
           if (newpgrp != NULL)
                   FREE(newpgrp, M_PGRP);
           return (error);
   }
   
   /*
    * Use the clause in B.4.2.2 that allows setuid/setgid to be 4.2/4.3BSD
    * compatible.  It says that setting the uid/gid to euid/egid is a special
    * case of "appropriate privilege".  Once the rules are expanded out, this
    * basically means that setuid(nnn) sets all three id's, in all permitted
    * cases unless _POSIX_SAVED_IDS is enabled.  In that case, setuid(getuid())
    * does not set the saved id - this is dangerous for traditional BSD
    * programs.  For this reason, we *really* do not want to set
    * _POSIX_SAVED_IDS and do not want to clear POSIX_APPENDIX_B_4_2_2.
    */
   #define POSIX_APPENDIX_B_4_2_2
   
   #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
   struct setuid_args {
           uid_t   uid;
   };
   #endif
   /*
    * MPSAFE
    */
   /* ARGSUSED */
   int
   setuid(struct thread *td, struct setuid_args *uap)
   {
           struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
           struct ucred *newcred, *oldcred;
           uid_t uid;
           struct uidinfo *uip;
           int error;
   
           uid = uap->uid;
           newcred = crget();
           uip = uifind(uid);
           PROC_LOCK(p);
           oldcred = p->p_ucred;
   
           /*
            * See if we have "permission" by POSIX 1003.1 rules.
            *
            * Note that setuid(geteuid()) is a special case of
            * "appropriate privileges" in appendix B.4.2.2.  We need
            * to use this clause to be compatible with traditional BSD
            * semantics.  Basically, it means that "setuid(xx)" sets all
            * three id's (assuming you have privs).
            *
            * Notes on the logic.  We do things in three steps.
            * 1: We determine if the euid is going to change, and do EPERM
            *    right away.  We unconditionally change the euid later if this
            *    test is satisfied, simplifying that part of the logic.
            * 2: We determine if the real and/or saved uids are going to
            *    change.  Determined by compile options.
            * 3: Change euid last. (after tests in #2 for "appropriate privs")
            */
           if (uid != oldcred->cr_ruid &&          /* allow setuid(getuid()) */
   #ifdef _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
               uid != oldcred->cr_svuid &&         /* allow setuid(saved gid) */
   #endif
   #ifdef POSIX_APPENDIX_B_4_2_2   /* Use BSD-compat clause from B.4.2.2 */
               uid != oldcred->cr_uid &&           /* allow setuid(geteuid()) */
   #endif
               (error = suser_cred(oldcred, SUSER_ALLOWJAIL)) != 0) {
                   PROC_UNLOCK(p);
                   uifree(uip);
                   crfree(newcred);
                   return (error);
           }
   
           /*
            * Copy credentials so other references do not see our changes.
            */
           crcopy(newcred, oldcred);
   #ifdef _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
           /*
            * Do we have "appropriate privileges" (are we root or uid == euid)
            * If so, we are changing the real uid and/or saved uid.
            */
           if (
   #ifdef POSIX_APPENDIX_B_4_2_2   /* Use the clause from B.4.2.2 */
               uid == oldcred->cr_uid ||
   #endif
               suser_cred(oldcred, SUSER_ALLOWJAIL) == 0) /* we are using privs */
   #endif
           {
                   /*
                    * Set the real uid and transfer proc count to new user.
                    */
                   if (uid != oldcred->cr_ruid) {
                           change_ruid(newcred, uip);
                           setsugid(p);
                   }
                   /*
                    * Set saved uid
                    *
                    * XXX always set saved uid even if not _POSIX_SAVED_IDS, as
                    * the security of seteuid() depends on it.  B.4.2.2 says it
                    * is important that we should do this.
                    */
                   if (uid != oldcred->cr_svuid) {
                           change_svuid(newcred, uid);
                           setsugid(p);
                   }
           }
   
           /*
            * In all permitted cases, we are changing the euid.
            */
           if (uid != oldcred->cr_uid) {
                   change_euid(newcred, uip);
                   setsugid(p);
           }
           p->p_ucred = newcred;
           PROC_UNLOCK(p);
           uifree(uip);
           crfree(oldcred);
           return (0);
   }
   
   #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
   struct seteuid_args {
           uid_t   euid;
   };
   #endif
   /*
    * MPSAFE
    */
   /* ARGSUSED */
   int
   seteuid(struct thread *td, struct seteuid_args *uap)
   {
           struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
           struct ucred *newcred, *oldcred;
           uid_t euid;
           struct uidinfo *euip;
           int error;
   
           euid = uap->euid;
           newcred = crget();
           euip = uifind(euid);
           PROC_LOCK(p);
           oldcred = p->p_ucred;
           if (euid != oldcred->cr_ruid &&         /* allow seteuid(getuid()) */
               euid != oldcred->cr_svuid &&        /* allow seteuid(saved uid) */
               (error = suser_cred(oldcred, SUSER_ALLOWJAIL)) != 0) {
                   PROC_UNLOCK(p);
                   uifree(euip);
                   crfree(newcred);
                   return (error);
           }
           /*
            * Everything's okay, do it.  Copy credentials so other references do
            * not see our changes.
            */
           crcopy(newcred, oldcred);
           if (oldcred->cr_uid != euid) {
                   change_euid(newcred, euip);
                   setsugid(p);
           }
           p->p_ucred = newcred;
           PROC_UNLOCK(p);
           uifree(euip);
           crfree(oldcred);
           return (0);
   }
   
   #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
   struct setgid_args {
           gid_t   gid;
   };
   #endif
   /*
    * MPSAFE
    */
   /* ARGSUSED */
   int
   setgid(struct thread *td, struct setgid_args *uap)
   {
           struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
           struct ucred *newcred, *oldcred;
           gid_t gid;
           int error;
   
           gid = uap->gid;
           newcred = crget();
           PROC_LOCK(p);
           oldcred = p->p_ucred;
   
           /*
            * See if we have "permission" by POSIX 1003.1 rules.
            *
            * Note that setgid(getegid()) is a special case of
            * "appropriate privileges" in appendix B.4.2.2.  We need
            * to use this clause to be compatible with traditional BSD
            * semantics.  Basically, it means that "setgid(xx)" sets all
            * three id's (assuming you have privs).
            *
            * For notes on the logic here, see setuid() above.
            */
           if (gid != oldcred->cr_rgid &&          /* allow setgid(getgid()) */
   #ifdef _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
               gid != oldcred->cr_svgid &&         /* allow setgid(saved gid) */
   #endif
   #ifdef POSIX_APPENDIX_B_4_2_2   /* Use BSD-compat clause from B.4.2.2 */
               gid != oldcred->cr_groups[0] && /* allow setgid(getegid()) */
   #endif
               (error = suser_cred(oldcred, SUSER_ALLOWJAIL)) != 0) {
                   PROC_UNLOCK(p);
                   crfree(newcred);
                   return (error);
           }
   
           crcopy(newcred, oldcred);
   #ifdef _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
           /*
            * Do we have "appropriate privileges" (are we root or gid == egid)
            * If so, we are changing the real uid and saved gid.
            */
           if (
   #ifdef POSIX_APPENDIX_B_4_2_2   /* use the clause from B.4.2.2 */
               gid == oldcred->cr_groups[0] ||
   #endif
               suser_cred(oldcred, SUSER_ALLOWJAIL) == 0) /* we are using privs */
   #endif
           {
                   /*
                    * Set real gid
                    */
                   if (oldcred->cr_rgid != gid) {
                           change_rgid(newcred, gid);
                           setsugid(p);
                   }
                   /*
                    * Set saved gid
                    *
                    * XXX always set saved gid even if not _POSIX_SAVED_IDS, as
                    * the security of setegid() depends on it.  B.4.2.2 says it
                    * is important that we should do this.
                    */
                   if (oldcred->cr_svgid != gid) {
                           change_svgid(newcred, gid);
                           setsugid(p);
                   }
           }
           /*
            * In all cases permitted cases, we are changing the egid.
            * Copy credentials so other references do not see our changes.
            */
           if (oldcred->cr_groups[0] != gid) {
                   change_egid(newcred, gid);
                   setsugid(p);
           }
           p->p_ucred = newcred;
           PROC_UNLOCK(p);
           crfree(oldcred);
           return (0);
   }
   
   #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
   struct setegid_args {
           gid_t   egid;
   };
   #endif
   /*
    * MPSAFE
    */
   /* ARGSUSED */
   int
   setegid(struct thread *td, struct setegid_args *uap)
   {
           struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
           struct ucred *newcred, *oldcred;
           gid_t egid;
           int error;
   
           egid = uap->egid;
           newcred = crget();
           PROC_LOCK(p);
           oldcred = p->p_ucred;
           if (egid != oldcred->cr_rgid &&         /* allow setegid(getgid()) */
               egid != oldcred->cr_svgid &&        /* allow setegid(saved gid) */
               (error = suser_cred(oldcred, SUSER_ALLOWJAIL)) != 0) {
                   PROC_UNLOCK(p);
                   crfree(newcred);
                   return (error);
           }
           crcopy(newcred, oldcred);
           if (oldcred->cr_groups[0] != egid) {
                   change_egid(newcred, egid);
                   setsugid(p);
           }
           p->p_ucred = newcred;
           PROC_UNLOCK(p);
           crfree(oldcred);
           return (0);
   }
   
   #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
   struct setgroups_args {
           u_int   gidsetsize;
           gid_t   *gidset;
   };
   #endif
   /*
    * MPSAFE
    */
   /* ARGSUSED */
   int
   setgroups(struct thread *td, struct setgroups_args *uap)
   {
           struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
           struct ucred *newcred, *tempcred, *oldcred;
           u_int ngrp;
           int error;
   
           ngrp = uap->gidsetsize;
           if (ngrp > NGROUPS)
                   return (EINVAL);
           tempcred = crget();
           error = copyin(uap->gidset, tempcred->cr_groups, ngrp * sizeof(gid_t));
           if (error != 0) {
                   crfree(tempcred);
                   return (error);
           }
           newcred = crget();
           PROC_LOCK(p);
           oldcred = p->p_ucred;
           error = suser_cred(oldcred, SUSER_ALLOWJAIL);
           if (error) {
                   PROC_UNLOCK(p);
                   crfree(newcred);
                   crfree(tempcred);
                   return (error);
           }
                   
           /*
            * XXX A little bit lazy here.  We could test if anything has
            * changed before crcopy() and setting P_SUGID.
            */
           crcopy(newcred, oldcred);
           if (ngrp < 1) {
                   /*
                    * setgroups(0, NULL) is a legitimate way of clearing the
                    * groups vector on non-BSD systems (which generally do not
                    * have the egid in the groups[0]).  We risk security holes
                    * when running non-BSD software if we do not do the same.
                    */
                   newcred->cr_ngroups = 1;
           } else {
                   bcopy(tempcred->cr_groups, newcred->cr_groups,
                       ngrp * sizeof(gid_t));
                   newcred->cr_ngroups = ngrp;
           }
           setsugid(p);
           p->p_ucred = newcred;
           PROC_UNLOCK(p);
           crfree(tempcred);
           crfree(oldcred);
           return (0);
   }
   
   #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
   struct setreuid_args {
           uid_t   ruid;
           uid_t   euid;
   };
   #endif
   /*
    * MPSAFE
    */
   /* ARGSUSED */
   int
   setreuid(register struct thread *td, struct setreuid_args *uap)
   {
           struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
           struct ucred *newcred, *oldcred;
           uid_t euid, ruid;
           struct uidinfo *euip, *ruip;
           int error;
   
           euid = uap->euid;
           ruid = uap->ruid;
           newcred = crget();
           euip = uifind(euid);
           ruip = uifind(ruid);
           PROC_LOCK(p);
           oldcred = p->p_ucred;
           if (((ruid != (uid_t)-1 && ruid != oldcred->cr_ruid &&
                 ruid != oldcred->cr_svuid) ||
                (euid != (uid_t)-1 && euid != oldcred->cr_uid &&
                 euid != oldcred->cr_ruid && euid != oldcred->cr_svuid)) &&
               (error = suser_cred(oldcred, SUSER_ALLOWJAIL)) != 0) {
                   PROC_UNLOCK(p);
                   uifree(ruip);
                   uifree(euip);
                   crfree(newcred);
                   return (error);
           }
           crcopy(newcred, oldcred);
           if (euid != (uid_t)-1 && oldcred->cr_uid != euid) {
                   change_euid(newcred, euip);
                   setsugid(p);
           }
           if (ruid != (uid_t)-1 && oldcred->cr_ruid != ruid) {
                   change_ruid(newcred, ruip);
                   setsugid(p);
           }
           if ((ruid != (uid_t)-1 || newcred->cr_uid != newcred->cr_ruid) &&
               newcred->cr_svuid != newcred->cr_uid) {
                   change_svuid(newcred, newcred->cr_uid);
                   setsugid(p);
           }
           p->p_ucred = newcred;
           PROC_UNLOCK(p);
           uifree(ruip);
           uifree(euip);
           crfree(oldcred);
           return (0);
   }
   
   #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
   struct setregid_args {
           gid_t   rgid;
           gid_t   egid;
   };
   #endif
   /*
    * MPSAFE
    */
   /* ARGSUSED */
   int
   setregid(register struct thread *td, struct setregid_args *uap)
   {
           struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
           struct ucred *newcred, *oldcred;
           gid_t egid, rgid;
           int error;
   
           egid = uap->egid;
           rgid = uap->rgid;
           newcred = crget();
           PROC_LOCK(p);
           oldcred = p->p_ucred;
           if (((rgid != (gid_t)-1 && rgid != oldcred->cr_rgid &&
               rgid != oldcred->cr_svgid) ||
                (egid != (gid_t)-1 && egid != oldcred->cr_groups[0] &&
                egid != oldcred->cr_rgid && egid != oldcred->cr_svgid)) &&
               (error = suser_cred(oldcred, SUSER_ALLOWJAIL)) != 0) {
                   PROC_UNLOCK(p);
                   crfree(newcred);
                   return (error);
           }
   
           crcopy(newcred, oldcred);
           if (egid != (gid_t)-1 && oldcred->cr_groups[0] != egid) {
                   change_egid(newcred, egid);
                   setsugid(p);
           }
           if (rgid != (gid_t)-1 && oldcred->cr_rgid != rgid) {
                   change_rgid(newcred, rgid);
                   setsugid(p);
           }
           if ((rgid != (gid_t)-1 || newcred->cr_groups[0] != newcred->cr_rgid) &&
               newcred->cr_svgid != newcred->cr_groups[0]) {
                   change_svgid(newcred, newcred->cr_groups[0]);
                   setsugid(p);
           }
           p->p_ucred = newcred;
           PROC_UNLOCK(p);
           crfree(oldcred);
           return (0);
   }
   
   /*
    * setresuid(ruid, euid, suid) is like setreuid except control over the
    * saved uid is explicit.
    */
   
   #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
   struct setresuid_args {
           uid_t   ruid;
           uid_t   euid;
           uid_t   suid;
   };
   #endif
   /*
    * MPSAFE
    */
   /* ARGSUSED */
   int
   setresuid(register struct thread *td, struct setresuid_args *uap)
   {
           struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
           struct ucred *newcred, *oldcred;
           uid_t euid, ruid, suid;
           struct uidinfo *euip, *ruip;
           int error;
   
           euid = uap->euid;
           ruid = uap->ruid;
           suid = uap->suid;
           newcred = crget();
           euip = uifind(euid);
           ruip = uifind(ruid);
           PROC_LOCK(p);
           oldcred = p->p_ucred;
           if (((ruid != (uid_t)-1 && ruid != oldcred->cr_ruid &&
                ruid != oldcred->cr_svuid &&
                 ruid != oldcred->cr_uid) ||
                (euid != (uid_t)-1 && euid != oldcred->cr_ruid &&
               euid != oldcred->cr_svuid &&
                 euid != oldcred->cr_uid) ||
                (suid != (uid_t)-1 && suid != oldcred->cr_ruid &&
               suid != oldcred->cr_svuid &&
                 suid != oldcred->cr_uid)) &&
               (error = suser_cred(oldcred, SUSER_ALLOWJAIL)) != 0) {
                   PROC_UNLOCK(p);
                   uifree(ruip);
                   uifree(euip);
                   crfree(newcred);
                   return (error);
           }
   
           crcopy(newcred, oldcred);
           if (euid != (uid_t)-1 && oldcred->cr_uid != euid) {
                   change_euid(newcred, euip);
                   setsugid(p);
           }
           if (ruid != (uid_t)-1 && oldcred->cr_ruid != ruid) {
                   change_ruid(newcred, ruip);
                   setsugid(p);
           }
           if (suid != (uid_t)-1 && oldcred->cr_svuid != suid) {
                   change_svuid(newcred, suid);
                   setsugid(p);
          }
          p->p_ucred = newcred;
          PROC_UNLOCK(p);
          uifree(ruip);
          uifree(euip);
          crfree(oldcred);
          return (0);
  }
  
  /*
   * setresgid(rgid, egid, sgid) is like setregid except control over the
   * saved gid is explicit.
   */
  
  #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
  struct setresgid_args {
          gid_t   rgid;
          gid_t   egid;
          gid_t   sgid;
  };
  #endif
  /*
   * MPSAFE
   */
  /* ARGSUSED */
  int
  setresgid(register struct thread *td, struct setresgid_args *uap)
  {
          struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
          struct ucred *newcred, *oldcred;
          gid_t egid, rgid, sgid;
          int error;
  
          egid = uap->egid;
          rgid = uap->rgid;
          sgid = uap->sgid;
          newcred = crget();
          PROC_LOCK(p);
          oldcred = p->p_ucred;
          if (((rgid != (gid_t)-1 && rgid != oldcred->cr_rgid &&
                rgid != oldcred->cr_svgid &&
                rgid != oldcred->cr_groups[0]) ||
               (egid != (gid_t)-1 && egid != oldcred->cr_rgid &&
                egid != oldcred->cr_svgid &&
                egid != oldcred->cr_groups[0]) ||
               (sgid != (gid_t)-1 && sgid != oldcred->cr_rgid &&
                sgid != oldcred->cr_svgid &&
                sgid != oldcred->cr_groups[0])) &&
              (error = suser_cred(oldcred, SUSER_ALLOWJAIL)) != 0) {
                  PROC_UNLOCK(p);
                  crfree(newcred);
                  return (error);
          }
  
          crcopy(newcred, oldcred);
          if (egid != (gid_t)-1 && oldcred->cr_groups[0] != egid) {
                  change_egid(newcred, egid);
                  setsugid(p);
          }
          if (rgid != (gid_t)-1 && oldcred->cr_rgid != rgid) {
                  change_rgid(newcred, rgid);
                  setsugid(p);
          }
          if (sgid != (gid_t)-1 && oldcred->cr_svgid != sgid) {
                  change_svgid(newcred, sgid);
                  setsugid(p);
          }
          p->p_ucred = newcred;
          PROC_UNLOCK(p);
          crfree(oldcred);
          return (0);
  }
  
  #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
  struct getresuid_args {
          uid_t   *ruid;
          uid_t   *euid;
          uid_t   *suid;
  };
  #endif
  /*
   * MPSAFE
   */
  /* ARGSUSED */
  int
  getresuid(register struct thread *td, struct getresuid_args *uap)
  {
          struct ucred *cred;
          int error1 = 0, error2 = 0, error3 = 0;
  
          cred = td->td_ucred;
          if (uap->ruid)
                  error1 = copyout(&cred->cr_ruid,
                      uap->ruid, sizeof(cred->cr_ruid));
          if (uap->euid)
                  error2 = copyout(&cred->cr_uid,
                      uap->euid, sizeof(cred->cr_uid));
          if (uap->suid)
                  error3 = copyout(&cred->cr_svuid,
                      uap->suid, sizeof(cred->cr_svuid));
          return (error1 ? error1 : error2 ? error2 : error3);
  }
  
  #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
  struct getresgid_args {
          gid_t   *rgid;
          gid_t   *egid;
          gid_t   *sgid;
  };
  #endif
  /*
   * MPSAFE
   */
  /* ARGSUSED */
  int
  getresgid(register struct thread *td, struct getresgid_args *uap)
  {
          struct ucred *cred;
          int error1 = 0, error2 = 0, error3 = 0;
  
          cred = td->td_ucred;
          if (uap->rgid)
                  error1 = copyout(&cred->cr_rgid,
                      uap->rgid, sizeof(cred->cr_rgid));
          if (uap->egid)
                  error2 = copyout(&cred->cr_groups[0],
                      uap->egid, sizeof(cred->cr_groups[0]));
          if (uap->sgid)
                  error3 = copyout(&cred->cr_svgid,
                      uap->sgid, sizeof(cred->cr_svgid));
          return (error1 ? error1 : error2 ? error2 : error3);
  }
  
  #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
  struct issetugid_args {
          int dummy;
  };
  #endif
  /*
   * MPSAFE
   */
  /* ARGSUSED */
  int
  issetugid(register struct thread *td, struct issetugid_args *uap)
  {
          struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
  
          /*
           * Note: OpenBSD sets a P_SUGIDEXEC flag set at execve() time,
           * we use P_SUGID because we consider changing the owners as
           * "tainting" as well.
           * This is significant for procs that start as root and "become"
           * a user without an exec - programs cannot know *everything*
           * that libc *might* have put in their data segment.
           */
          PROC_LOCK(p);
          td->td_retval[0] = (p->p_flag & P_SUGID) ? 1 : 0;
          PROC_UNLOCK(p);
          return (0);
  }
  
  /*
   * MPSAFE
   */
  int
  __setugid(struct thread *td, struct __setugid_args *uap)
  {
  #ifdef REGRESSION
          struct proc *p;
  
          p = td->td_proc;
          switch (uap->flag) {
          case 0:
                  PROC_LOCK(p);
                  p->p_flag &= ~P_SUGID;
                  PROC_UNLOCK(p);
                  return (0);
          case 1:
                  PROC_LOCK(p);
                  p->p_flag |= P_SUGID;
                  PROC_UNLOCK(p);
                  return (0);
          default:
                  return (EINVAL);
          }
  #else /* !REGRESSION */
  
          return (ENOSYS);
  #endif /* REGRESSION */
  }
  
  /*
   * Check if gid is a member of the group set.
   *
   * MPSAFE (cred must be held)
   */
  int
  groupmember(gid_t gid, struct ucred *cred)
  {
          register gid_t *gp;
          gid_t *egp;
  
          egp = &(cred->cr_groups[cred->cr_ngroups]);
          for (gp = cred->cr_groups; gp < egp; gp++)
                  if (*gp == gid)
                          return (1);
          return (0);
  }
  
  /*
   * `suser_enabled' (which can be set by the security.suser_enabled
   * sysctl) determines whether the system 'super-user' policy is in effect.
   * If it is nonzero, an effective uid of 0 connotes special privilege,
   * overriding many mandatory and discretionary protections.  If it is zero,
   * uid 0 is offered no special privilege in the kernel security policy.
   * Setting it to zero may seriously impact the functionality of many
   * existing userland programs, and should not be done without careful
   * consideration of the consequences.
   */
  int     suser_enabled = 1;
  SYSCTL_INT(_security_bsd, OID_AUTO, suser_enabled, CTLFLAG_RW,
      &suser_enabled, 0, "processes with uid 0 have privilege");
  TUNABLE_INT("security.bsd.suser_enabled", &suser_enabled);
  
  /*
   * Test whether the specified credentials imply "super-user" privilege.
   * Return 0 or EPERM.
   */
  int
  suser_cred(struct ucred *cred, int flag)
  {
  
          if (!suser_enabled)
                  return (EPERM);
          if (((flag & SUSER_RUID) ? cred->cr_ruid : cred->cr_uid) != 0)
                  return (EPERM);
          if (jailed(cred) && !(flag & SUSER_ALLOWJAIL))
                  return (EPERM);
          return (0);
  }
  
  /*
   * Shortcut to hide contents of struct td and struct proc from the
   * caller, promoting binary compatibility.
   */
  int
  suser(struct thread *td)
  {
  
  #ifdef INVARIANTS
          if (td != curthread) {
                  printf("suser: thread %p (%d %s) != curthread %p (%d %s)\n",
                      td, td->td_proc->p_pid, td->td_proc->p_comm,
                      curthread, curthread->td_proc->p_pid,
                      curthread->td_proc->p_comm);
  #ifdef KDB
                  kdb_backtrace();
  #endif
          }
  #endif
          return (suser_cred(td->td_ucred, 0));
  }
  
  /*
   * Test the active securelevel against a given level.  securelevel_gt()
   * implements (securelevel > level).  securelevel_ge() implements
   * (securelevel >= level).  Note that the logic is inverted -- these
   * functions return EPERM on "success" and 0 on "failure".
   *
   * MPSAFE
   */
  int
  securelevel_gt(struct ucred *cr, int level)
  {
          int active_securelevel;
  
          active_securelevel = securelevel;
          KASSERT(cr != NULL, ("securelevel_gt: null cr"));
          if (cr->cr_prison != NULL)
                  active_securelevel = imax(cr->cr_prison->pr_securelevel,
                      active_securelevel);
          return (active_securelevel > level ? EPERM : 0);
  }
  
  int
  securelevel_ge(struct ucred *cr, int level)
  {
          int active_securelevel;
  
          active_securelevel = securelevel;
          KASSERT(cr != NULL, ("securelevel_ge: null cr"));
          if (cr->cr_prison != NULL)
                  active_securelevel = imax(cr->cr_prison->pr_securelevel,
                      active_securelevel);
          return (active_securelevel >= level ? EPERM : 0);
  }
  
  /*
   * 'see_other_uids' determines whether or not visibility of processes
   * and sockets with credentials holding different real uids is possible
   * using a variety of system MIBs.
   * XXX: data declarations should be together near the beginning of the file.
   */
  static int      see_other_uids = 1;
  SYSCTL_INT(_security_bsd, OID_AUTO, see_other_uids, CTLFLAG_RW,
      &see_other_uids, 0,
      "Unprivileged processes may see subjects/objects with different real uid");
  
  /*-
   * Determine if u1 "can see" the subject specified by u2, according to the
   * 'see_other_uids' policy.
   * Returns: 0 for permitted, ESRCH otherwise
   * Locks: none
   * References: *u1 and *u2 must not change during the call
   *             u1 may equal u2, in which case only one reference is required
   */
  static int
  cr_seeotheruids(struct ucred *u1, struct ucred *u2)
  {
  
          if (!see_other_uids && u1->cr_ruid != u2->cr_ruid) {
                  if (suser_cred(u1, SUSER_ALLOWJAIL) != 0)
                          return (ESRCH);
          }
          return (0);
  }
  
  /*
   * 'see_other_gids' determines whether or not visibility of processes
   * and sockets with credentials holding different real gids is possible
   * using a variety of system MIBs.
   * XXX: data declarations should be together near the beginning of the file.
   */
  static int      see_other_gids = 1;
  SYSCTL_INT(_security_bsd, OID_AUTO, see_other_gids, CTLFLAG_RW,
      &see_other_gids, 0,
      "Unprivileged processes may see subjects/objects with different real gid");
  
  /*
   * Determine if u1 can "see" the subject specified by u2, according to the
   * 'see_other_gids' policy.
   * Returns: 0 for permitted, ESRCH otherwise
   * Locks: none
   * References: *u1 and *u2 must not change during the call
   *             u1 may equal u2, in which case only one reference is required
   */
  static int
  cr_seeothergids(struct ucred *u1, struct ucred *u2)
  {
          int i, match;
          
          if (!see_other_gids) {
                  match = 0;
                  for (i = 0; i < u1->cr_ngroups; i++) {
                          if (groupmember(u1->cr_groups[i], u2))
                                  match = 1;
                          if (match)
                                  break;
                  }
                  if (!match) {
                          if (suser_cred(u1, SUSER_ALLOWJAIL) != 0)
                                  return (ESRCH);
                  }
          }
          return (0);
  }
  
  /*-
   * Determine if u1 "can see" the subject specified by u2.
   * Returns: 0 for permitted, an errno value otherwise
   * Locks: none
   * References: *u1 and *u2 must not change during the call
   *             u1 may equal u2, in which case only one reference is required
   */
  int
  cr_cansee(struct ucred *u1, struct ucred *u2)
  {
          int error;
  
          if ((error = prison_check(u1, u2)))
                  return (error);
  #ifdef MAC
          if ((error = mac_check_cred_visible(u1, u2)))
                  return (error);
  #endif
          if ((error = cr_seeotheruids(u1, u2)))
                  return (error);
          if ((error = cr_seeothergids(u1, u2)))
                  return (error);
          return (0);
  }
  
  /*-
   * Determine if td "can see" the subject specified by p.
   * Returns: 0 for permitted, an errno value otherwise
   * Locks: Sufficient locks to protect p->p_ucred must be held.  td really
   *        should be curthread.
   * References: td and p must be valid for the lifetime of the call
   */
  int
  p_cansee(struct thread *td, struct proc *p)
  {
  
          /* Wrap cr_cansee() for all functionality. */
          KASSERT(td == curthread, ("%s: td not curthread", __func__));
          PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
          return (cr_cansee(td->td_ucred, p->p_ucred));
  }
  
  /*
   * 'conservative_signals' prevents the delivery of a broad class of
   * signals by unprivileged processes to processes that have changed their
   * credentials since the last invocation of execve().  This can prevent
   * the leakage of cached information or retained privileges as a result
   * of a common class of signal-related vulnerabilities.  However, this
   * may interfere with some applications that expect to be able to
   * deliver these signals to peer processes after having given up
   * privilege.
   */
  static int      conservative_signals = 1;
  SYSCTL_INT(_security_bsd, OID_AUTO, conservative_signals, CTLFLAG_RW,
      &conservative_signals, 0, "Unprivileged processes prevented from "
      "sending certain signals to processes whose credentials have changed");
  /*-
   * Determine whether cred may deliver the specified signal to proc.
   * Returns: 0 for permitted, an errno value otherwise.
   * Locks: A lock must be held for proc.
   * References: cred and proc must be valid for the lifetime of the call.
   */
  int
  cr_cansignal(struct ucred *cred, struct proc *proc, int signum)
  {
          int error;
  
          PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(proc, MA_OWNED);
          /*
           * Jail semantics limit the scope of signalling to proc in the
           * same jail as cred, if cred is in jail.
           */
          error = prison_check(cred, proc->p_ucred);
          if (error)
                  return (error);
  #ifdef MAC
          if ((error = mac_check_proc_signal(cred, proc, signum)))
                  return (error);
  #endif
          if ((error = cr_seeotheruids(cred, proc->p_ucred)))
                  return (error);
          if ((error = cr_seeothergids(cred, proc->p_ucred)))
                  return (error);
  
          /*
           * UNIX signal semantics depend on the status of the P_SUGID
           * bit on the target process.  If the bit is set, then additional
           * restrictions are placed on the set of available signals.
           */
          if (conservative_signals && (proc->p_flag & P_SUGID)) {
                  switch (signum) {
                  case 0:
                  case SIGKILL:
                  case SIGINT:
                  case SIGTERM:
                  case SIGALRM:
                  case SIGSTOP:
                  case SIGTTIN:
                  case SIGTTOU:
                  case SIGTSTP:
                  case SIGHUP:
                  case SIGUSR1:
                  case SIGUSR2:
                          /*
                           * Generally, permit job and terminal control
                           * signals.
                           */
                          break;
                  default:
                          /* Not permitted without privilege. */
                          error = suser_cred(cred, SUSER_ALLOWJAIL);
                          if (error)
                                  return (error);
                  }
          }
  
          /*
           * Generally, the target credential's ruid or svuid must match the
           * subject credential's ruid or euid.
           */
          if (cred->cr_ruid != proc->p_ucred->cr_ruid &&
              cred->cr_ruid != proc->p_ucred->cr_svuid &&
              cred->cr_uid != proc->p_ucred->cr_ruid &&
              cred->cr_uid != proc->p_ucred->cr_svuid) {
                  /* Not permitted without privilege. */
                  error = suser_cred(cred, SUSER_ALLOWJAIL);
                  if (error)
                          return (error);
          }
  
          return (0);
  }
  
  
  /*-
   * Determine whether td may deliver the specified signal to p.
   * Returns: 0 for permitted, an errno value otherwise
   * Locks: Sufficient locks to protect various components of td and p
   *        must be held.  td must be curthread, and a lock must be
   *        held for p.
   * References: td and p must be valid for the lifetime of the call
   */
  int
  p_cansignal(struct thread *td, struct proc *p, int signum)
  {
  
          KASSERT(td == curthread, ("%s: td not curthread", __func__));
          PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
          if (td->td_proc == p)
                  return (0);
  
          /*
           * UNIX signalling semantics require that processes in the same
           * session always be able to deliver SIGCONT to one another,
           * overriding the remaining protections.
           */
          /* XXX: This will require an additional lock of some sort. */
          if (signum == SIGCONT && td->td_proc->p_session == p->p_session)
                  return (0);
  
          return (cr_cansignal(td->td_ucred, p, signum));
  }
  
  /*-
   * Determine whether td may reschedule p.
   * Returns: 0 for permitted, an errno value otherwise
   * Locks: Sufficient locks to protect various components of td and p
   *        must be held.  td must be curthread, and a lock must
   *        be held for p.
   * References: td and p must be valid for the lifetime of the call
   */
  int
  p_cansched(struct thread *td, struct proc *p)
  {
          int error;
  
          KASSERT(td == curthread, ("%s: td not curthread", __func__));
          PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
          if (td->td_proc == p)
                  return (0);
          if ((error = prison_check(td->td_ucred, p->p_ucred)))
                  return (error);
  #ifdef MAC
          if ((error = mac_check_proc_sched(td->td_ucred, p)))
                  return (error);
  #endif
          if ((error = cr_seeotheruids(td->td_ucred, p->p_ucred)))
                  return (error);
          if ((error = cr_seeothergids(td->td_ucred, p->p_ucred)))
                  return (error);
          if (td->td_ucred->cr_ruid == p->p_ucred->cr_ruid)
                  return (0);
          if (td->td_ucred->cr_uid == p->p_ucred->cr_ruid)
                  return (0);
          if (suser_cred(td->td_ucred, SUSER_ALLOWJAIL) == 0)
                  return (0);
  
  #ifdef CAPABILITIES
          if (!cap_check(NULL, td, CAP_SYS_NICE, SUSER_ALLOWJAIL))
                  return (0);
  #endif
  
          return (EPERM);
  }
  
  /*
   * The 'unprivileged_proc_debug' flag may be used to disable a variety of
   * unprivileged inter-process debugging services, including some procfs
   * functionality, ptrace(), and ktrace().  In the past, inter-process
   * debugging has been involved in a variety of security problems, and sites
   * not requiring the service might choose to disable it when hardening
   * systems.
   *
   * XXX: Should modifying and reading this variable require locking?
   * XXX: data declarations should be together near the beginning of the file.
   */
  static int      unprivileged_proc_debug = 1;
  SYSCTL_INT(_security_bsd, OID_AUTO, unprivileged_proc_debug, CTLFLAG_RW,
      &unprivileged_proc_debug, 0,
      "Unprivileged processes may use process debugging facilities");
  
  /*-
   * Determine whether td may debug p.
   * Returns: 0 for permitted, an errno value otherwise
   * Locks: Sufficient locks to protect various components of td and p
   *        must be held.  td must be curthread, and a lock must
   *        be held for p.
   * References: td and p must be valid for the lifetime of the call
   */
  int
  p_candebug(struct thread *td, struct proc *p)
  {
          int credentialchanged, error, grpsubset, i, uidsubset;
  
          KASSERT(td == curthread, ("%s: td not curthread", __func__));
          PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
          if (!unprivileged_proc_debug) {
                  error = suser_cred(td->td_ucred, SUSER_ALLOWJAIL);
                  if (error)
                          return (error);
          }
          if (td->td_proc == p)
                  return (0);
          if ((error = prison_check(td->td_ucred, p->p_ucred)))
                  return (error);
  #ifdef MAC
          if ((error = mac_check_proc_debug(td->td_ucred, p)))
                  return (error);
  #endif
          if ((error = cr_seeotheruids(td->td_ucred, p->p_ucred)))
                  return (error);
          if ((error = cr_seeothergids(td->td_ucred, p->p_ucred)))
                  return (error);
  
          /*
           * Is p's group set a subset of td's effective group set?  This
           * includes p's egid, group access list, rgid, and svgid.
           */
          grpsubset = 1;
          for (i = 0; i < p->p_ucred->cr_ngroups; i++) {
                  if (!groupmember(p->p_ucred->cr_groups[i], td->td_ucred)) {
                          grpsubset = 0;
                          break;
                  }
          }
          grpsubset = grpsubset &&
              groupmember(p->p_ucred->cr_rgid, td->td_ucred) &&
              groupmember(p->p_ucred->cr_svgid, td->td_ucred);
  
          /*
           * Are the uids present in p's credential equal to td's
           * effective uid?  This includes p's euid, svuid, and ruid.
           */
          uidsubset = (td->td_ucred->cr_uid == p->p_ucred->cr_uid &&
              td->td_ucred->cr_uid == p->p_ucred->cr_svuid &&
              td->td_ucred->cr_uid == p->p_ucred->cr_ruid);
  
          /*
           * Has the credential of the process changed since the last exec()?
           */
          credentialchanged = (p->p_flag & P_SUGID);
  
          /*
           * If p's gids aren't a subset, or the uids aren't a subset,
           * or the credential has changed, require appropriate privilege
           * for td to debug p.  For POSIX.1e capabilities, this will
           * require CAP_SYS_PTRACE.
           */
          if (!grpsubset || !uidsubset || credentialchanged) {
                  error = suser_cred(td->td_ucred, SUSER_ALLOWJAIL);
                  if (error)
                          return (error);
          }
  
          /* Can't trace init when securelevel > 0. */
          if (p == initproc) {
                  error = securelevel_gt(td->td_ucred, 0);
                  if (error)
                          return (error);
          }
  
          /*
           * Can't trace a process that's currently exec'ing.
           * XXX: Note, this is not a security policy decision, it's a
           * basic correctness/functionality decision.  Therefore, this check
           * should be moved to the caller's of p_candebug().
           */
          if ((p->p_flag & P_INEXEC) != 0)
                  return (EAGAIN);
  
          return (0);
  }
  
  /*-
   * Determine whether the subject represented by cred can "see" a socket.
   * Returns: 0 for permitted, ENOENT otherwise.
   */
  int
  cr_canseesocket(struct ucred *cred, struct socket *so)
  {
          int error;
  
          error = prison_check(cred, so->so_cred);
          if (error)
                  return (ENOENT);
  #ifdef MAC
          SOCK_LOCK(so);
          error = mac_check_socket_visible(cred, so);
          SOCK_UNLOCK(so);
          if (error)
                  return (error);
  #endif
          if (cr_seeotheruids(cred, so->so_cred))
                  return (ENOENT);
          if (cr_seeothergids(cred, so->so_cred))
                  return (ENOENT);
  
          return (0);
  }
  
  /*
   * Allocate a zeroed cred structure.
   * MPSAFE
   */
  struct ucred *
  crget(void)
  {
          register struct ucred *cr;
  
          MALLOC(cr, struct ucred *, sizeof(*cr), M_CRED, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
          cr->cr_ref = 1;
          cr->cr_mtxp = mtx_pool_find(mtxpool_sleep, cr);
  #ifdef MAC
          mac_init_cred(cr);
  #endif
          return (cr);
  }
  
  /*
   * Claim another reference to a ucred structure.
   * MPSAFE
   */
  struct ucred *
  crhold(struct ucred *cr)
  {
  
          mtx_lock(cr->cr_mtxp);
          cr->cr_ref++;
          mtx_unlock(cr->cr_mtxp);
          return (cr);
  }
  
  /*
   * Free a cred structure.
   * Throws away space when ref count gets to 0.
   * MPSAFE
   */
  void
  crfree(struct ucred *cr)
  {
          struct mtx *mtxp = cr->cr_mtxp;
  
          mtx_lock(mtxp);
          KASSERT(cr->cr_ref > 0, ("bad ucred refcount: %d", cr->cr_ref));
          if (--cr->cr_ref == 0) {
                  mtx_unlock(mtxp);
                  /*
                   * Some callers of crget(), such as nfs_statfs(),
                   * allocate a temporary credential, but don't
                   * allocate a uidinfo structure.
                   */
                  if (cr->cr_uidinfo != NULL)
                          uifree(cr->cr_uidinfo);
                  if (cr->cr_ruidinfo != NULL)
                          uifree(cr->cr_ruidinfo);
                  /*
                   * Free a prison, if any.
                   */
                  if (jailed(cr))
                          prison_free(cr->cr_prison);
  #ifdef MAC
                  mac_destroy_cred(cr);
  #endif
                  FREE(cr, M_CRED);
          } else {
                  mtx_unlock(mtxp);
          }
  }
  
  /*
   * Check to see if this ucred is shared.
   * MPSAFE
   */
  int
  crshared(struct ucred *cr)
  {
          int shared;
  
          mtx_lock(cr->cr_mtxp);
          shared = (cr->cr_ref > 1);
          mtx_unlock(cr->cr_mtxp);
          return (shared);
  }
  
  /*
   * Copy a ucred's contents from a template.  Does not block.
   * MPSAFE
   */
  void
  crcopy(struct ucred *dest, struct ucred *src)
  {
  
          KASSERT(crshared(dest) == 0, ("crcopy of shared ucred"));
          bcopy(&src->cr_startcopy, &dest->cr_startcopy,
              (unsigned)((caddr_t)&src->cr_endcopy -
                  (caddr_t)&src->cr_startcopy));
          uihold(dest->cr_uidinfo);
          uihold(dest->cr_ruidinfo);
          if (jailed(dest))
                  prison_hold(dest->cr_prison);
  #ifdef MAC
          mac_copy_cred(src, dest);
  #endif
  }
  
  /*
   * Dup cred struct to a new held one.
   * MPSAFE
   */
  struct ucred *
  crdup(struct ucred *cr)
  {
          struct ucred *newcr;
  
          newcr = crget();
          crcopy(newcr, cr);
          return (newcr);
  }
  
  /*
   * Fill in a struct xucred based on a struct ucred.
   * MPSAFE
   */
  void
  cru2x(struct ucred *cr, struct xucred *xcr)
  {
  
          bzero(xcr, sizeof(*xcr));
          xcr->cr_version = XUCRED_VERSION;
          xcr->cr_uid = cr->cr_uid;
          xcr->cr_ngroups = cr->cr_ngroups;
          bcopy(cr->cr_groups, xcr->cr_groups, sizeof(cr->cr_groups));
  }
  
  /*
   * small routine to swap a thread's current ucred for the correct one
   * taken from the process.
   * MPSAFE
   */
  void
  cred_update_thread(struct thread *td)
  {
          struct proc *p;
          struct ucred *cred;
  
          p = td->td_proc;
          cred = td->td_ucred;
          PROC_LOCK(p);
          td->td_ucred = crhold(p->p_ucred);
          PROC_UNLOCK(p);
          if (cred != NULL)
                  crfree(cred);
  }
  
  /*
   * Get login name, if available.
   */
  #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
  struct getlogin_args {
          char    *namebuf;
          u_int   namelen;
  };
  #endif
  /*
   * MPSAFE
   */
  /* ARGSUSED */
  int
  getlogin(struct thread *td, struct getlogin_args *uap)
  {
          int error;
          char login[MAXLOGNAME];
          struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
  
          if (uap->namelen > MAXLOGNAME)
                  uap->namelen = MAXLOGNAME;
          PROC_LOCK(p);
          SESS_LOCK(p->p_session);
          bcopy(p->p_session->s_login, login, uap->namelen);
          SESS_UNLOCK(p->p_session);
          PROC_UNLOCK(p);
          error = copyout(login, uap->namebuf, uap->namelen);
          return(error);
  }
  
  /*
   * Set login name.
   */
  #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
  struct setlogin_args {
          char    *namebuf;
  };
  #endif
  /*
   * MPSAFE
   */
  /* ARGSUSED */
  int
  setlogin(struct thread *td, struct setlogin_args *uap)
  {
          struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
          int error;
          char logintmp[MAXLOGNAME];
  
          error = suser_cred(td->td_ucred, SUSER_ALLOWJAIL);
          if (error)
                  return (error);
          error = copyinstr(uap->namebuf, logintmp, sizeof(logintmp), NULL);
          if (error == ENAMETOOLONG)
                  error = EINVAL;
          else if (!error) {
                  PROC_LOCK(p);
                  SESS_LOCK(p->p_session);
                  (void) memcpy(p->p_session->s_login, logintmp,
                      sizeof(logintmp));
                  SESS_UNLOCK(p->p_session);
                  PROC_UNLOCK(p);
          }
          return (error);
  }
  
  void
  setsugid(struct proc *p)
  {
  
          PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
          p->p_flag |= P_SUGID;
          if (!(p->p_pfsflags & PF_ISUGID))
                  p->p_stops = 0;
  }
  
  /*-
   * Change a process's effective uid.
   * Side effects: newcred->cr_uid and newcred->cr_uidinfo will be modified.
   * References: newcred must be an exclusive credential reference for the
   *             duration of the call.
   */
  void
  change_euid(struct ucred *newcred, struct uidinfo *euip)
  {
  
          newcred->cr_uid = euip->ui_uid;
          uihold(euip);
          uifree(newcred->cr_uidinfo);
          newcred->cr_uidinfo = euip;
  }
  
  /*-
   * Change a process's effective gid.
   * Side effects: newcred->cr_gid will be modified.
   * References: newcred must be an exclusive credential reference for the
   *             duration of the call.
   */
  void
  change_egid(struct ucred *newcred, gid_t egid)
  {
  
          newcred->cr_groups[0] = egid;
  }
  
  /*-
   * Change a process's real uid.
   * Side effects: newcred->cr_ruid will be updated, newcred->cr_ruidinfo
   *               will be updated, and the old and new cr_ruidinfo proc
   *               counts will be updated.
   * References: newcred must be an exclusive credential reference for the
   *             duration of the call.
   */
  void
  change_ruid(struct ucred *newcred, struct uidinfo *ruip)
  {
  
          (void)chgproccnt(newcred->cr_ruidinfo, -1, 0);
          newcred->cr_ruid = ruip->ui_uid;
          uihold(ruip);
          uifree(newcred->cr_ruidinfo);
          newcred->cr_ruidinfo = ruip;
          (void)chgproccnt(newcred->cr_ruidinfo, 1, 0);
  }
  
  /*-
   * Change a process's real gid.
   * Side effects: newcred->cr_rgid will be updated.
   * References: newcred must be an exclusive credential reference for the
   *             duration of the call.
   */
  void
  change_rgid(struct ucred *newcred, gid_t rgid)
  {
  
          newcred->cr_rgid = rgid;
  }
  
  /*-
   * Change a process's saved uid.
   * Side effects: newcred->cr_svuid will be updated.
   * References: newcred must be an exclusive credential reference for the
   *             duration of the call.
   */
  void
  change_svuid(struct ucred *newcred, uid_t svuid)
  {
  
          newcred->cr_svuid = svuid;
  }
  
  /*-
   * Change a process's saved gid.
   * Side effects: newcred->cr_svgid will be updated.
   * References: newcred must be an exclusive credential reference for the
   *             duration of the call.
   */
  void
  change_svgid(struct ucred *newcred, gid_t svgid)
  {
  
          newcred->cr_svgid = svgid;
  }

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