1 /*-
2 * Copyright (c) 2006 John Baldwin <jhb@FreeBSD.org>
3 * All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 * are met:
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13 * 3. Neither the name of the author nor the names of any co-contributors
14 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
15 * without specific prior written permission.
16 *
17 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27 * SUCH DAMAGE.
28 */
29
30 /*
31 * Machine independent bits of reader/writer lock implementation.
32 */
33
34 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
35 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD: releng/9.2/sys/kern/kern_rwlock.c 252172 2013-06-24 19:18:01Z jhb $");
36
37 #include "opt_ddb.h"
38 #include "opt_hwpmc_hooks.h"
39 #include "opt_kdtrace.h"
40 #include "opt_no_adaptive_rwlocks.h"
41
42 #include <sys/param.h>
43 #include <sys/ktr.h>
44 #include <sys/kernel.h>
45 #include <sys/lock.h>
46 #include <sys/mutex.h>
47 #include <sys/proc.h>
48 #include <sys/rwlock.h>
49 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
50 #include <sys/systm.h>
51 #include <sys/turnstile.h>
52
53 #include <machine/cpu.h>
54
55 #if defined(SMP) && !defined(NO_ADAPTIVE_RWLOCKS)
56 #define ADAPTIVE_RWLOCKS
57 #endif
58
59 #ifdef HWPMC_HOOKS
60 #include <sys/pmckern.h>
61 PMC_SOFT_DECLARE( , , lock, failed);
62 #endif
63
64 #ifdef ADAPTIVE_RWLOCKS
65 #define ROWNER_RETRIES 10
66 #define ROWNER_LOOPS 10000
67 #endif
68
69 #ifdef DDB
70 #include <ddb/ddb.h>
71
72 static void db_show_rwlock(struct lock_object *lock);
73 #endif
74 static void assert_rw(struct lock_object *lock, int what);
75 static void lock_rw(struct lock_object *lock, int how);
76 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
77 static int owner_rw(struct lock_object *lock, struct thread **owner);
78 #endif
79 static int unlock_rw(struct lock_object *lock);
80
81 struct lock_class lock_class_rw = {
82 .lc_name = "rw",
83 .lc_flags = LC_SLEEPLOCK | LC_RECURSABLE | LC_UPGRADABLE,
84 .lc_assert = assert_rw,
85 #ifdef DDB
86 .lc_ddb_show = db_show_rwlock,
87 #endif
88 .lc_lock = lock_rw,
89 .lc_unlock = unlock_rw,
90 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
91 .lc_owner = owner_rw,
92 #endif
93 };
94
95 /*
96 * Return a pointer to the owning thread if the lock is write-locked or
97 * NULL if the lock is unlocked or read-locked.
98 */
99 #define rw_wowner(rw) \
100 ((rw)->rw_lock & RW_LOCK_READ ? NULL : \
101 (struct thread *)RW_OWNER((rw)->rw_lock))
102
103 /*
104 * Returns if a write owner is recursed. Write ownership is not assured
105 * here and should be previously checked.
106 */
107 #define rw_recursed(rw) ((rw)->rw_recurse != 0)
108
109 /*
110 * Return true if curthread helds the lock.
111 */
112 #define rw_wlocked(rw) (rw_wowner((rw)) == curthread)
113
114 /*
115 * Return a pointer to the owning thread for this lock who should receive
116 * any priority lent by threads that block on this lock. Currently this
117 * is identical to rw_wowner().
118 */
119 #define rw_owner(rw) rw_wowner(rw)
120
121 #ifndef INVARIANTS
122 #define _rw_assert(rw, what, file, line)
123 #endif
124
125 void
126 assert_rw(struct lock_object *lock, int what)
127 {
128
129 rw_assert((struct rwlock *)lock, what);
130 }
131
132 void
133 lock_rw(struct lock_object *lock, int how)
134 {
135 struct rwlock *rw;
136
137 rw = (struct rwlock *)lock;
138 if (how)
139 rw_wlock(rw);
140 else
141 rw_rlock(rw);
142 }
143
144 int
145 unlock_rw(struct lock_object *lock)
146 {
147 struct rwlock *rw;
148
149 rw = (struct rwlock *)lock;
150 rw_assert(rw, RA_LOCKED | LA_NOTRECURSED);
151 if (rw->rw_lock & RW_LOCK_READ) {
152 rw_runlock(rw);
153 return (0);
154 } else {
155 rw_wunlock(rw);
156 return (1);
157 }
158 }
159
160 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
161 int
162 owner_rw(struct lock_object *lock, struct thread **owner)
163 {
164 struct rwlock *rw = (struct rwlock *)lock;
165 uintptr_t x = rw->rw_lock;
166
167 *owner = rw_wowner(rw);
168 return ((x & RW_LOCK_READ) != 0 ? (RW_READERS(x) != 0) :
169 (*owner != NULL));
170 }
171 #endif
172
173 void
174 rw_init_flags(struct rwlock *rw, const char *name, int opts)
175 {
176 int flags;
177
178 MPASS((opts & ~(RW_DUPOK | RW_NOPROFILE | RW_NOWITNESS | RW_QUIET |
179 RW_RECURSE)) == 0);
180 ASSERT_ATOMIC_LOAD_PTR(rw->rw_lock,
181 ("%s: rw_lock not aligned for %s: %p", __func__, name,
182 &rw->rw_lock));
183
184 flags = LO_UPGRADABLE;
185 if (opts & RW_DUPOK)
186 flags |= LO_DUPOK;
187 if (opts & RW_NOPROFILE)
188 flags |= LO_NOPROFILE;
189 if (!(opts & RW_NOWITNESS))
190 flags |= LO_WITNESS;
191 if (opts & RW_RECURSE)
192 flags |= LO_RECURSABLE;
193 if (opts & RW_QUIET)
194 flags |= LO_QUIET;
195
196 rw->rw_lock = RW_UNLOCKED;
197 rw->rw_recurse = 0;
198 lock_init(&rw->lock_object, &lock_class_rw, name, NULL, flags);
199 }
200
201 void
202 rw_destroy(struct rwlock *rw)
203 {
204
205 KASSERT(rw->rw_lock == RW_UNLOCKED, ("rw lock %p not unlocked", rw));
206 KASSERT(rw->rw_recurse == 0, ("rw lock %p still recursed", rw));
207 rw->rw_lock = RW_DESTROYED;
208 lock_destroy(&rw->lock_object);
209 }
210
211 void
212 rw_sysinit(void *arg)
213 {
214 struct rw_args *args = arg;
215
216 rw_init(args->ra_rw, args->ra_desc);
217 }
218
219 void
220 rw_sysinit_flags(void *arg)
221 {
222 struct rw_args_flags *args = arg;
223
224 rw_init_flags(args->ra_rw, args->ra_desc, args->ra_flags);
225 }
226
227 int
228 rw_wowned(struct rwlock *rw)
229 {
230
231 return (rw_wowner(rw) == curthread);
232 }
233
234 void
235 _rw_wlock(struct rwlock *rw, const char *file, int line)
236 {
237
238 if (SCHEDULER_STOPPED())
239 return;
240 KASSERT(rw->rw_lock != RW_DESTROYED,
241 ("rw_wlock() of destroyed rwlock @ %s:%d", file, line));
242 WITNESS_CHECKORDER(&rw->lock_object, LOP_NEWORDER | LOP_EXCLUSIVE, file,
243 line, NULL);
244 __rw_wlock(rw, curthread, file, line);
245 LOCK_LOG_LOCK("WLOCK", &rw->lock_object, 0, rw->rw_recurse, file, line);
246 WITNESS_LOCK(&rw->lock_object, LOP_EXCLUSIVE, file, line);
247 curthread->td_locks++;
248 }
249
250 int
251 _rw_try_wlock(struct rwlock *rw, const char *file, int line)
252 {
253 int rval;
254
255 if (SCHEDULER_STOPPED())
256 return (1);
257
258 KASSERT(rw->rw_lock != RW_DESTROYED,
259 ("rw_try_wlock() of destroyed rwlock @ %s:%d", file, line));
260
261 if (rw_wlocked(rw) &&
262 (rw->lock_object.lo_flags & LO_RECURSABLE) != 0) {
263 rw->rw_recurse++;
264 rval = 1;
265 } else
266 rval = atomic_cmpset_acq_ptr(&rw->rw_lock, RW_UNLOCKED,
267 (uintptr_t)curthread);
268
269 LOCK_LOG_TRY("WLOCK", &rw->lock_object, 0, rval, file, line);
270 if (rval) {
271 WITNESS_LOCK(&rw->lock_object, LOP_EXCLUSIVE | LOP_TRYLOCK,
272 file, line);
273 curthread->td_locks++;
274 }
275 return (rval);
276 }
277
278 void
279 _rw_wunlock(struct rwlock *rw, const char *file, int line)
280 {
281
282 if (SCHEDULER_STOPPED())
283 return;
284 KASSERT(rw->rw_lock != RW_DESTROYED,
285 ("rw_wunlock() of destroyed rwlock @ %s:%d", file, line));
286 _rw_assert(rw, RA_WLOCKED, file, line);
287 curthread->td_locks--;
288 WITNESS_UNLOCK(&rw->lock_object, LOP_EXCLUSIVE, file, line);
289 LOCK_LOG_LOCK("WUNLOCK", &rw->lock_object, 0, rw->rw_recurse, file,
290 line);
291 if (!rw_recursed(rw))
292 LOCKSTAT_PROFILE_RELEASE_LOCK(LS_RW_WUNLOCK_RELEASE, rw);
293 __rw_wunlock(rw, curthread, file, line);
294 }
295 /*
296 * Determines whether a new reader can acquire a lock. Succeeds if the
297 * reader already owns a read lock and the lock is locked for read to
298 * prevent deadlock from reader recursion. Also succeeds if the lock
299 * is unlocked and has no writer waiters or spinners. Failing otherwise
300 * prioritizes writers before readers.
301 */
302 #define RW_CAN_READ(_rw) \
303 ((curthread->td_rw_rlocks && (_rw) & RW_LOCK_READ) || ((_rw) & \
304 (RW_LOCK_READ | RW_LOCK_WRITE_WAITERS | RW_LOCK_WRITE_SPINNER)) == \
305 RW_LOCK_READ)
306
307 void
308 _rw_rlock(struct rwlock *rw, const char *file, int line)
309 {
310 struct turnstile *ts;
311 #ifdef ADAPTIVE_RWLOCKS
312 volatile struct thread *owner;
313 int spintries = 0;
314 int i;
315 #endif
316 #ifdef LOCK_PROFILING
317 uint64_t waittime = 0;
318 int contested = 0;
319 #endif
320 uintptr_t v;
321 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
322 uint64_t spin_cnt = 0;
323 uint64_t sleep_cnt = 0;
324 int64_t sleep_time = 0;
325 #endif
326
327 if (SCHEDULER_STOPPED())
328 return;
329
330 KASSERT(rw->rw_lock != RW_DESTROYED,
331 ("rw_rlock() of destroyed rwlock @ %s:%d", file, line));
332 KASSERT(rw_wowner(rw) != curthread,
333 ("rw_rlock: wlock already held for %s @ %s:%d",
334 rw->lock_object.lo_name, file, line));
335 WITNESS_CHECKORDER(&rw->lock_object, LOP_NEWORDER, file, line, NULL);
336
337 for (;;) {
338 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
339 spin_cnt++;
340 #endif
341 /*
342 * Handle the easy case. If no other thread has a write
343 * lock, then try to bump up the count of read locks. Note
344 * that we have to preserve the current state of the
345 * RW_LOCK_WRITE_WAITERS flag. If we fail to acquire a
346 * read lock, then rw_lock must have changed, so restart
347 * the loop. Note that this handles the case of a
348 * completely unlocked rwlock since such a lock is encoded
349 * as a read lock with no waiters.
350 */
351 v = rw->rw_lock;
352 if (RW_CAN_READ(v)) {
353 /*
354 * The RW_LOCK_READ_WAITERS flag should only be set
355 * if the lock has been unlocked and write waiters
356 * were present.
357 */
358 if (atomic_cmpset_acq_ptr(&rw->rw_lock, v,
359 v + RW_ONE_READER)) {
360 if (LOCK_LOG_TEST(&rw->lock_object, 0))
361 CTR4(KTR_LOCK,
362 "%s: %p succeed %p -> %p", __func__,
363 rw, (void *)v,
364 (void *)(v + RW_ONE_READER));
365 break;
366 }
367 continue;
368 }
369 #ifdef HWPMC_HOOKS
370 PMC_SOFT_CALL( , , lock, failed);
371 #endif
372 lock_profile_obtain_lock_failed(&rw->lock_object,
373 &contested, &waittime);
374
375 #ifdef ADAPTIVE_RWLOCKS
376 /*
377 * If the owner is running on another CPU, spin until
378 * the owner stops running or the state of the lock
379 * changes.
380 */
381 if ((v & RW_LOCK_READ) == 0) {
382 owner = (struct thread *)RW_OWNER(v);
383 if (TD_IS_RUNNING(owner)) {
384 if (LOCK_LOG_TEST(&rw->lock_object, 0))
385 CTR3(KTR_LOCK,
386 "%s: spinning on %p held by %p",
387 __func__, rw, owner);
388 while ((struct thread*)RW_OWNER(rw->rw_lock) ==
389 owner && TD_IS_RUNNING(owner)) {
390 cpu_spinwait();
391 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
392 spin_cnt++;
393 #endif
394 }
395 continue;
396 }
397 } else if (spintries < ROWNER_RETRIES) {
398 spintries++;
399 for (i = 0; i < ROWNER_LOOPS; i++) {
400 v = rw->rw_lock;
401 if ((v & RW_LOCK_READ) == 0 || RW_CAN_READ(v))
402 break;
403 cpu_spinwait();
404 }
405 if (i != ROWNER_LOOPS)
406 continue;
407 }
408 #endif
409
410 /*
411 * Okay, now it's the hard case. Some other thread already
412 * has a write lock or there are write waiters present,
413 * acquire the turnstile lock so we can begin the process
414 * of blocking.
415 */
416 ts = turnstile_trywait(&rw->lock_object);
417
418 /*
419 * The lock might have been released while we spun, so
420 * recheck its state and restart the loop if needed.
421 */
422 v = rw->rw_lock;
423 if (RW_CAN_READ(v)) {
424 turnstile_cancel(ts);
425 continue;
426 }
427
428 #ifdef ADAPTIVE_RWLOCKS
429 /*
430 * The current lock owner might have started executing
431 * on another CPU (or the lock could have changed
432 * owners) while we were waiting on the turnstile
433 * chain lock. If so, drop the turnstile lock and try
434 * again.
435 */
436 if ((v & RW_LOCK_READ) == 0) {
437 owner = (struct thread *)RW_OWNER(v);
438 if (TD_IS_RUNNING(owner)) {
439 turnstile_cancel(ts);
440 continue;
441 }
442 }
443 #endif
444
445 /*
446 * The lock is held in write mode or it already has waiters.
447 */
448 MPASS(!RW_CAN_READ(v));
449
450 /*
451 * If the RW_LOCK_READ_WAITERS flag is already set, then
452 * we can go ahead and block. If it is not set then try
453 * to set it. If we fail to set it drop the turnstile
454 * lock and restart the loop.
455 */
456 if (!(v & RW_LOCK_READ_WAITERS)) {
457 if (!atomic_cmpset_ptr(&rw->rw_lock, v,
458 v | RW_LOCK_READ_WAITERS)) {
459 turnstile_cancel(ts);
460 continue;
461 }
462 if (LOCK_LOG_TEST(&rw->lock_object, 0))
463 CTR2(KTR_LOCK, "%s: %p set read waiters flag",
464 __func__, rw);
465 }
466
467 /*
468 * We were unable to acquire the lock and the read waiters
469 * flag is set, so we must block on the turnstile.
470 */
471 if (LOCK_LOG_TEST(&rw->lock_object, 0))
472 CTR2(KTR_LOCK, "%s: %p blocking on turnstile", __func__,
473 rw);
474 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
475 sleep_time -= lockstat_nsecs();
476 #endif
477 turnstile_wait(ts, rw_owner(rw), TS_SHARED_QUEUE);
478 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
479 sleep_time += lockstat_nsecs();
480 sleep_cnt++;
481 #endif
482 if (LOCK_LOG_TEST(&rw->lock_object, 0))
483 CTR2(KTR_LOCK, "%s: %p resuming from turnstile",
484 __func__, rw);
485 }
486
487 /*
488 * TODO: acquire "owner of record" here. Here be turnstile dragons
489 * however. turnstiles don't like owners changing between calls to
490 * turnstile_wait() currently.
491 */
492 LOCKSTAT_PROFILE_OBTAIN_LOCK_SUCCESS(LS_RW_RLOCK_ACQUIRE, rw, contested,
493 waittime, file, line);
494 LOCK_LOG_LOCK("RLOCK", &rw->lock_object, 0, 0, file, line);
495 WITNESS_LOCK(&rw->lock_object, 0, file, line);
496 curthread->td_locks++;
497 curthread->td_rw_rlocks++;
498 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
499 if (sleep_time)
500 LOCKSTAT_RECORD1(LS_RW_RLOCK_BLOCK, rw, sleep_time);
501
502 /*
503 * Record only the loops spinning and not sleeping.
504 */
505 if (spin_cnt > sleep_cnt)
506 LOCKSTAT_RECORD1(LS_RW_RLOCK_SPIN, rw, (spin_cnt - sleep_cnt));
507 #endif
508 }
509
510 int
511 _rw_try_rlock(struct rwlock *rw, const char *file, int line)
512 {
513 uintptr_t x;
514
515 if (SCHEDULER_STOPPED())
516 return (1);
517
518 for (;;) {
519 x = rw->rw_lock;
520 KASSERT(rw->rw_lock != RW_DESTROYED,
521 ("rw_try_rlock() of destroyed rwlock @ %s:%d", file, line));
522 if (!(x & RW_LOCK_READ))
523 break;
524 if (atomic_cmpset_acq_ptr(&rw->rw_lock, x, x + RW_ONE_READER)) {
525 LOCK_LOG_TRY("RLOCK", &rw->lock_object, 0, 1, file,
526 line);
527 WITNESS_LOCK(&rw->lock_object, LOP_TRYLOCK, file, line);
528 curthread->td_locks++;
529 curthread->td_rw_rlocks++;
530 return (1);
531 }
532 }
533
534 LOCK_LOG_TRY("RLOCK", &rw->lock_object, 0, 0, file, line);
535 return (0);
536 }
537
538 void
539 _rw_runlock(struct rwlock *rw, const char *file, int line)
540 {
541 struct turnstile *ts;
542 uintptr_t x, v, queue;
543
544 if (SCHEDULER_STOPPED())
545 return;
546
547 KASSERT(rw->rw_lock != RW_DESTROYED,
548 ("rw_runlock() of destroyed rwlock @ %s:%d", file, line));
549 _rw_assert(rw, RA_RLOCKED, file, line);
550 curthread->td_locks--;
551 curthread->td_rw_rlocks--;
552 WITNESS_UNLOCK(&rw->lock_object, 0, file, line);
553 LOCK_LOG_LOCK("RUNLOCK", &rw->lock_object, 0, 0, file, line);
554
555 /* TODO: drop "owner of record" here. */
556
557 for (;;) {
558 /*
559 * See if there is more than one read lock held. If so,
560 * just drop one and return.
561 */
562 x = rw->rw_lock;
563 if (RW_READERS(x) > 1) {
564 if (atomic_cmpset_rel_ptr(&rw->rw_lock, x,
565 x - RW_ONE_READER)) {
566 if (LOCK_LOG_TEST(&rw->lock_object, 0))
567 CTR4(KTR_LOCK,
568 "%s: %p succeeded %p -> %p",
569 __func__, rw, (void *)x,
570 (void *)(x - RW_ONE_READER));
571 break;
572 }
573 continue;
574 }
575 /*
576 * If there aren't any waiters for a write lock, then try
577 * to drop it quickly.
578 */
579 if (!(x & RW_LOCK_WAITERS)) {
580 MPASS((x & ~RW_LOCK_WRITE_SPINNER) ==
581 RW_READERS_LOCK(1));
582 if (atomic_cmpset_rel_ptr(&rw->rw_lock, x,
583 RW_UNLOCKED)) {
584 if (LOCK_LOG_TEST(&rw->lock_object, 0))
585 CTR2(KTR_LOCK, "%s: %p last succeeded",
586 __func__, rw);
587 break;
588 }
589 continue;
590 }
591 /*
592 * Ok, we know we have waiters and we think we are the
593 * last reader, so grab the turnstile lock.
594 */
595 turnstile_chain_lock(&rw->lock_object);
596 v = rw->rw_lock & (RW_LOCK_WAITERS | RW_LOCK_WRITE_SPINNER);
597 MPASS(v & RW_LOCK_WAITERS);
598
599 /*
600 * Try to drop our lock leaving the lock in a unlocked
601 * state.
602 *
603 * If you wanted to do explicit lock handoff you'd have to
604 * do it here. You'd also want to use turnstile_signal()
605 * and you'd have to handle the race where a higher
606 * priority thread blocks on the write lock before the
607 * thread you wakeup actually runs and have the new thread
608 * "steal" the lock. For now it's a lot simpler to just
609 * wakeup all of the waiters.
610 *
611 * As above, if we fail, then another thread might have
612 * acquired a read lock, so drop the turnstile lock and
613 * restart.
614 */
615 x = RW_UNLOCKED;
616 if (v & RW_LOCK_WRITE_WAITERS) {
617 queue = TS_EXCLUSIVE_QUEUE;
618 x |= (v & RW_LOCK_READ_WAITERS);
619 } else
620 queue = TS_SHARED_QUEUE;
621 if (!atomic_cmpset_rel_ptr(&rw->rw_lock, RW_READERS_LOCK(1) | v,
622 x)) {
623 turnstile_chain_unlock(&rw->lock_object);
624 continue;
625 }
626 if (LOCK_LOG_TEST(&rw->lock_object, 0))
627 CTR2(KTR_LOCK, "%s: %p last succeeded with waiters",
628 __func__, rw);
629
630 /*
631 * Ok. The lock is released and all that's left is to
632 * wake up the waiters. Note that the lock might not be
633 * free anymore, but in that case the writers will just
634 * block again if they run before the new lock holder(s)
635 * release the lock.
636 */
637 ts = turnstile_lookup(&rw->lock_object);
638 MPASS(ts != NULL);
639 turnstile_broadcast(ts, queue);
640 turnstile_unpend(ts, TS_SHARED_LOCK);
641 turnstile_chain_unlock(&rw->lock_object);
642 break;
643 }
644 LOCKSTAT_PROFILE_RELEASE_LOCK(LS_RW_RUNLOCK_RELEASE, rw);
645 }
646
647 /*
648 * This function is called when we are unable to obtain a write lock on the
649 * first try. This means that at least one other thread holds either a
650 * read or write lock.
651 */
652 void
653 _rw_wlock_hard(struct rwlock *rw, uintptr_t tid, const char *file, int line)
654 {
655 struct turnstile *ts;
656 #ifdef ADAPTIVE_RWLOCKS
657 volatile struct thread *owner;
658 int spintries = 0;
659 int i;
660 #endif
661 uintptr_t v, x;
662 #ifdef LOCK_PROFILING
663 uint64_t waittime = 0;
664 int contested = 0;
665 #endif
666 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
667 uint64_t spin_cnt = 0;
668 uint64_t sleep_cnt = 0;
669 int64_t sleep_time = 0;
670 #endif
671
672 if (SCHEDULER_STOPPED())
673 return;
674
675 if (rw_wlocked(rw)) {
676 KASSERT(rw->lock_object.lo_flags & LO_RECURSABLE,
677 ("%s: recursing but non-recursive rw %s @ %s:%d\n",
678 __func__, rw->lock_object.lo_name, file, line));
679 rw->rw_recurse++;
680 if (LOCK_LOG_TEST(&rw->lock_object, 0))
681 CTR2(KTR_LOCK, "%s: %p recursing", __func__, rw);
682 return;
683 }
684
685 if (LOCK_LOG_TEST(&rw->lock_object, 0))
686 CTR5(KTR_LOCK, "%s: %s contested (lock=%p) at %s:%d", __func__,
687 rw->lock_object.lo_name, (void *)rw->rw_lock, file, line);
688
689 while (!_rw_write_lock(rw, tid)) {
690 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
691 spin_cnt++;
692 #endif
693 #ifdef HWPMC_HOOKS
694 PMC_SOFT_CALL( , , lock, failed);
695 #endif
696 lock_profile_obtain_lock_failed(&rw->lock_object,
697 &contested, &waittime);
698 #ifdef ADAPTIVE_RWLOCKS
699 /*
700 * If the lock is write locked and the owner is
701 * running on another CPU, spin until the owner stops
702 * running or the state of the lock changes.
703 */
704 v = rw->rw_lock;
705 owner = (struct thread *)RW_OWNER(v);
706 if (!(v & RW_LOCK_READ) && TD_IS_RUNNING(owner)) {
707 if (LOCK_LOG_TEST(&rw->lock_object, 0))
708 CTR3(KTR_LOCK, "%s: spinning on %p held by %p",
709 __func__, rw, owner);
710 while ((struct thread*)RW_OWNER(rw->rw_lock) == owner &&
711 TD_IS_RUNNING(owner)) {
712 cpu_spinwait();
713 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
714 spin_cnt++;
715 #endif
716 }
717 continue;
718 }
719 if ((v & RW_LOCK_READ) && RW_READERS(v) &&
720 spintries < ROWNER_RETRIES) {
721 if (!(v & RW_LOCK_WRITE_SPINNER)) {
722 if (!atomic_cmpset_ptr(&rw->rw_lock, v,
723 v | RW_LOCK_WRITE_SPINNER)) {
724 continue;
725 }
726 }
727 spintries++;
728 for (i = 0; i < ROWNER_LOOPS; i++) {
729 if ((rw->rw_lock & RW_LOCK_WRITE_SPINNER) == 0)
730 break;
731 cpu_spinwait();
732 }
733 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
734 spin_cnt += ROWNER_LOOPS - i;
735 #endif
736 if (i != ROWNER_LOOPS)
737 continue;
738 }
739 #endif
740 ts = turnstile_trywait(&rw->lock_object);
741 v = rw->rw_lock;
742
743 #ifdef ADAPTIVE_RWLOCKS
744 /*
745 * The current lock owner might have started executing
746 * on another CPU (or the lock could have changed
747 * owners) while we were waiting on the turnstile
748 * chain lock. If so, drop the turnstile lock and try
749 * again.
750 */
751 if (!(v & RW_LOCK_READ)) {
752 owner = (struct thread *)RW_OWNER(v);
753 if (TD_IS_RUNNING(owner)) {
754 turnstile_cancel(ts);
755 continue;
756 }
757 }
758 #endif
759 /*
760 * Check for the waiters flags about this rwlock.
761 * If the lock was released, without maintain any pending
762 * waiters queue, simply try to acquire it.
763 * If a pending waiters queue is present, claim the lock
764 * ownership and maintain the pending queue.
765 */
766 x = v & (RW_LOCK_WAITERS | RW_LOCK_WRITE_SPINNER);
767 if ((v & ~x) == RW_UNLOCKED) {
768 x &= ~RW_LOCK_WRITE_SPINNER;
769 if (atomic_cmpset_acq_ptr(&rw->rw_lock, v, tid | x)) {
770 if (x)
771 turnstile_claim(ts);
772 else
773 turnstile_cancel(ts);
774 break;
775 }
776 turnstile_cancel(ts);
777 continue;
778 }
779 /*
780 * If the RW_LOCK_WRITE_WAITERS flag isn't set, then try to
781 * set it. If we fail to set it, then loop back and try
782 * again.
783 */
784 if (!(v & RW_LOCK_WRITE_WAITERS)) {
785 if (!atomic_cmpset_ptr(&rw->rw_lock, v,
786 v | RW_LOCK_WRITE_WAITERS)) {
787 turnstile_cancel(ts);
788 continue;
789 }
790 if (LOCK_LOG_TEST(&rw->lock_object, 0))
791 CTR2(KTR_LOCK, "%s: %p set write waiters flag",
792 __func__, rw);
793 }
794 /*
795 * We were unable to acquire the lock and the write waiters
796 * flag is set, so we must block on the turnstile.
797 */
798 if (LOCK_LOG_TEST(&rw->lock_object, 0))
799 CTR2(KTR_LOCK, "%s: %p blocking on turnstile", __func__,
800 rw);
801 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
802 sleep_time -= lockstat_nsecs();
803 #endif
804 turnstile_wait(ts, rw_owner(rw), TS_EXCLUSIVE_QUEUE);
805 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
806 sleep_time += lockstat_nsecs();
807 sleep_cnt++;
808 #endif
809 if (LOCK_LOG_TEST(&rw->lock_object, 0))
810 CTR2(KTR_LOCK, "%s: %p resuming from turnstile",
811 __func__, rw);
812 #ifdef ADAPTIVE_RWLOCKS
813 spintries = 0;
814 #endif
815 }
816 LOCKSTAT_PROFILE_OBTAIN_LOCK_SUCCESS(LS_RW_WLOCK_ACQUIRE, rw, contested,
817 waittime, file, line);
818 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
819 if (sleep_time)
820 LOCKSTAT_RECORD1(LS_RW_WLOCK_BLOCK, rw, sleep_time);
821
822 /*
823 * Record only the loops spinning and not sleeping.
824 */
825 if (spin_cnt > sleep_cnt)
826 LOCKSTAT_RECORD1(LS_RW_WLOCK_SPIN, rw, (spin_cnt - sleep_cnt));
827 #endif
828 }
829
830 /*
831 * This function is called if the first try at releasing a write lock failed.
832 * This means that one of the 2 waiter bits must be set indicating that at
833 * least one thread is waiting on this lock.
834 */
835 void
836 _rw_wunlock_hard(struct rwlock *rw, uintptr_t tid, const char *file, int line)
837 {
838 struct turnstile *ts;
839 uintptr_t v;
840 int queue;
841
842 if (SCHEDULER_STOPPED())
843 return;
844
845 if (rw_wlocked(rw) && rw_recursed(rw)) {
846 rw->rw_recurse--;
847 if (LOCK_LOG_TEST(&rw->lock_object, 0))
848 CTR2(KTR_LOCK, "%s: %p unrecursing", __func__, rw);
849 return;
850 }
851
852 KASSERT(rw->rw_lock & (RW_LOCK_READ_WAITERS | RW_LOCK_WRITE_WAITERS),
853 ("%s: neither of the waiter flags are set", __func__));
854
855 if (LOCK_LOG_TEST(&rw->lock_object, 0))
856 CTR2(KTR_LOCK, "%s: %p contested", __func__, rw);
857
858 turnstile_chain_lock(&rw->lock_object);
859 ts = turnstile_lookup(&rw->lock_object);
860 MPASS(ts != NULL);
861
862 /*
863 * Use the same algo as sx locks for now. Prefer waking up shared
864 * waiters if we have any over writers. This is probably not ideal.
865 *
866 * 'v' is the value we are going to write back to rw_lock. If we
867 * have waiters on both queues, we need to preserve the state of
868 * the waiter flag for the queue we don't wake up. For now this is
869 * hardcoded for the algorithm mentioned above.
870 *
871 * In the case of both readers and writers waiting we wakeup the
872 * readers but leave the RW_LOCK_WRITE_WAITERS flag set. If a
873 * new writer comes in before a reader it will claim the lock up
874 * above. There is probably a potential priority inversion in
875 * there that could be worked around either by waking both queues
876 * of waiters or doing some complicated lock handoff gymnastics.
877 */
878 v = RW_UNLOCKED;
879 if (rw->rw_lock & RW_LOCK_WRITE_WAITERS) {
880 queue = TS_EXCLUSIVE_QUEUE;
881 v |= (rw->rw_lock & RW_LOCK_READ_WAITERS);
882 } else
883 queue = TS_SHARED_QUEUE;
884
885 /* Wake up all waiters for the specific queue. */
886 if (LOCK_LOG_TEST(&rw->lock_object, 0))
887 CTR3(KTR_LOCK, "%s: %p waking up %s waiters", __func__, rw,
888 queue == TS_SHARED_QUEUE ? "read" : "write");
889 turnstile_broadcast(ts, queue);
890 atomic_store_rel_ptr(&rw->rw_lock, v);
891 turnstile_unpend(ts, TS_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);
892 turnstile_chain_unlock(&rw->lock_object);
893 }
894
895 /*
896 * Attempt to do a non-blocking upgrade from a read lock to a write
897 * lock. This will only succeed if this thread holds a single read
898 * lock. Returns true if the upgrade succeeded and false otherwise.
899 */
900 int
901 _rw_try_upgrade(struct rwlock *rw, const char *file, int line)
902 {
903 uintptr_t v, x, tid;
904 struct turnstile *ts;
905 int success;
906
907 if (SCHEDULER_STOPPED())
908 return (1);
909
910 KASSERT(rw->rw_lock != RW_DESTROYED,
911 ("rw_try_upgrade() of destroyed rwlock @ %s:%d", file, line));
912 _rw_assert(rw, RA_RLOCKED, file, line);
913
914 /*
915 * Attempt to switch from one reader to a writer. If there
916 * are any write waiters, then we will have to lock the
917 * turnstile first to prevent races with another writer
918 * calling turnstile_wait() before we have claimed this
919 * turnstile. So, do the simple case of no waiters first.
920 */
921 tid = (uintptr_t)curthread;
922 success = 0;
923 for (;;) {
924 v = rw->rw_lock;
925 if (RW_READERS(v) > 1)
926 break;
927 if (!(v & RW_LOCK_WAITERS)) {
928 success = atomic_cmpset_ptr(&rw->rw_lock, v, tid);
929 if (!success)
930 continue;
931 break;
932 }
933
934 /*
935 * Ok, we think we have waiters, so lock the turnstile.
936 */
937 ts = turnstile_trywait(&rw->lock_object);
938 v = rw->rw_lock;
939 if (RW_READERS(v) > 1) {
940 turnstile_cancel(ts);
941 break;
942 }
943 /*
944 * Try to switch from one reader to a writer again. This time
945 * we honor the current state of the waiters flags.
946 * If we obtain the lock with the flags set, then claim
947 * ownership of the turnstile.
948 */
949 x = rw->rw_lock & RW_LOCK_WAITERS;
950 success = atomic_cmpset_ptr(&rw->rw_lock, v, tid | x);
951 if (success) {
952 if (x)
953 turnstile_claim(ts);
954 else
955 turnstile_cancel(ts);
956 break;
957 }
958 turnstile_cancel(ts);
959 }
960 LOCK_LOG_TRY("WUPGRADE", &rw->lock_object, 0, success, file, line);
961 if (success) {
962 curthread->td_rw_rlocks--;
963 WITNESS_UPGRADE(&rw->lock_object, LOP_EXCLUSIVE | LOP_TRYLOCK,
964 file, line);
965 LOCKSTAT_RECORD0(LS_RW_TRYUPGRADE_UPGRADE, rw);
966 }
967 return (success);
968 }
969
970 /*
971 * Downgrade a write lock into a single read lock.
972 */
973 void
974 _rw_downgrade(struct rwlock *rw, const char *file, int line)
975 {
976 struct turnstile *ts;
977 uintptr_t tid, v;
978 int rwait, wwait;
979
980 if (SCHEDULER_STOPPED())
981 return;
982
983 KASSERT(rw->rw_lock != RW_DESTROYED,
984 ("rw_downgrade() of destroyed rwlock @ %s:%d", file, line));
985 _rw_assert(rw, RA_WLOCKED | RA_NOTRECURSED, file, line);
986 #ifndef INVARIANTS
987 if (rw_recursed(rw))
988 panic("downgrade of a recursed lock");
989 #endif
990
991 WITNESS_DOWNGRADE(&rw->lock_object, 0, file, line);
992
993 /*
994 * Convert from a writer to a single reader. First we handle
995 * the easy case with no waiters. If there are any waiters, we
996 * lock the turnstile and "disown" the lock.
997 */
998 tid = (uintptr_t)curthread;
999 if (atomic_cmpset_rel_ptr(&rw->rw_lock, tid, RW_READERS_LOCK(1)))
1000 goto out;
1001
1002 /*
1003 * Ok, we think we have waiters, so lock the turnstile so we can
1004 * read the waiter flags without any races.
1005 */
1006 turnstile_chain_lock(&rw->lock_object);
1007 v = rw->rw_lock & RW_LOCK_WAITERS;
1008 rwait = v & RW_LOCK_READ_WAITERS;
1009 wwait = v & RW_LOCK_WRITE_WAITERS;
1010 MPASS(rwait | wwait);
1011
1012 /*
1013 * Downgrade from a write lock while preserving waiters flag
1014 * and give up ownership of the turnstile.
1015 */
1016 ts = turnstile_lookup(&rw->lock_object);
1017 MPASS(ts != NULL);
1018 if (!wwait)
1019 v &= ~RW_LOCK_READ_WAITERS;
1020 atomic_store_rel_ptr(&rw->rw_lock, RW_READERS_LOCK(1) | v);
1021 /*
1022 * Wake other readers if there are no writers pending. Otherwise they
1023 * won't be able to acquire the lock anyway.
1024 */
1025 if (rwait && !wwait) {
1026 turnstile_broadcast(ts, TS_SHARED_QUEUE);
1027 turnstile_unpend(ts, TS_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);
1028 } else
1029 turnstile_disown(ts);
1030 turnstile_chain_unlock(&rw->lock_object);
1031 out:
1032 curthread->td_rw_rlocks++;
1033 LOCK_LOG_LOCK("WDOWNGRADE", &rw->lock_object, 0, 0, file, line);
1034 LOCKSTAT_RECORD0(LS_RW_DOWNGRADE_DOWNGRADE, rw);
1035 }
1036
1037 #ifdef INVARIANT_SUPPORT
1038 #ifndef INVARIANTS
1039 #undef _rw_assert
1040 #endif
1041
1042 /*
1043 * In the non-WITNESS case, rw_assert() can only detect that at least
1044 * *some* thread owns an rlock, but it cannot guarantee that *this*
1045 * thread owns an rlock.
1046 */
1047 void
1048 _rw_assert(struct rwlock *rw, int what, const char *file, int line)
1049 {
1050
1051 if (panicstr != NULL)
1052 return;
1053 switch (what) {
1054 case RA_LOCKED:
1055 case RA_LOCKED | RA_RECURSED:
1056 case RA_LOCKED | RA_NOTRECURSED:
1057 case RA_RLOCKED:
1058 case RA_RLOCKED | RA_RECURSED:
1059 case RA_RLOCKED | RA_NOTRECURSED:
1060 #ifdef WITNESS
1061 witness_assert(&rw->lock_object, what, file, line);
1062 #else
1063 /*
1064 * If some other thread has a write lock or we have one
1065 * and are asserting a read lock, fail. Also, if no one
1066 * has a lock at all, fail.
1067 */
1068 if (rw->rw_lock == RW_UNLOCKED ||
1069 (!(rw->rw_lock & RW_LOCK_READ) && (what & RA_RLOCKED ||
1070 rw_wowner(rw) != curthread)))
1071 panic("Lock %s not %slocked @ %s:%d\n",
1072 rw->lock_object.lo_name, (what & RA_RLOCKED) ?
1073 "read " : "", file, line);
1074
1075 if (!(rw->rw_lock & RW_LOCK_READ) && !(what & RA_RLOCKED)) {
1076 if (rw_recursed(rw)) {
1077 if (what & RA_NOTRECURSED)
1078 panic("Lock %s recursed @ %s:%d\n",
1079 rw->lock_object.lo_name, file,
1080 line);
1081 } else if (what & RA_RECURSED)
1082 panic("Lock %s not recursed @ %s:%d\n",
1083 rw->lock_object.lo_name, file, line);
1084 }
1085 #endif
1086 break;
1087 case RA_WLOCKED:
1088 case RA_WLOCKED | RA_RECURSED:
1089 case RA_WLOCKED | RA_NOTRECURSED:
1090 if (rw_wowner(rw) != curthread)
1091 panic("Lock %s not exclusively locked @ %s:%d\n",
1092 rw->lock_object.lo_name, file, line);
1093 if (rw_recursed(rw)) {
1094 if (what & RA_NOTRECURSED)
1095 panic("Lock %s recursed @ %s:%d\n",
1096 rw->lock_object.lo_name, file, line);
1097 } else if (what & RA_RECURSED)
1098 panic("Lock %s not recursed @ %s:%d\n",
1099 rw->lock_object.lo_name, file, line);
1100 break;
1101 case RA_UNLOCKED:
1102 #ifdef WITNESS
1103 witness_assert(&rw->lock_object, what, file, line);
1104 #else
1105 /*
1106 * If we hold a write lock fail. We can't reliably check
1107 * to see if we hold a read lock or not.
1108 */
1109 if (rw_wowner(rw) == curthread)
1110 panic("Lock %s exclusively locked @ %s:%d\n",
1111 rw->lock_object.lo_name, file, line);
1112 #endif
1113 break;
1114 default:
1115 panic("Unknown rw lock assertion: %d @ %s:%d", what, file,
1116 line);
1117 }
1118 }
1119 #endif /* INVARIANT_SUPPORT */
1120
1121 #ifdef DDB
1122 void
1123 db_show_rwlock(struct lock_object *lock)
1124 {
1125 struct rwlock *rw;
1126 struct thread *td;
1127
1128 rw = (struct rwlock *)lock;
1129
1130 db_printf(" state: ");
1131 if (rw->rw_lock == RW_UNLOCKED)
1132 db_printf("UNLOCKED\n");
1133 else if (rw->rw_lock == RW_DESTROYED) {
1134 db_printf("DESTROYED\n");
1135 return;
1136 } else if (rw->rw_lock & RW_LOCK_READ)
1137 db_printf("RLOCK: %ju locks\n",
1138 (uintmax_t)(RW_READERS(rw->rw_lock)));
1139 else {
1140 td = rw_wowner(rw);
1141 db_printf("WLOCK: %p (tid %d, pid %d, \"%s\")\n", td,
1142 td->td_tid, td->td_proc->p_pid, td->td_name);
1143 if (rw_recursed(rw))
1144 db_printf(" recursed: %u\n", rw->rw_recurse);
1145 }
1146 db_printf(" waiters: ");
1147 switch (rw->rw_lock & (RW_LOCK_READ_WAITERS | RW_LOCK_WRITE_WAITERS)) {
1148 case RW_LOCK_READ_WAITERS:
1149 db_printf("readers\n");
1150 break;
1151 case RW_LOCK_WRITE_WAITERS:
1152 db_printf("writers\n");
1153 break;
1154 case RW_LOCK_READ_WAITERS | RW_LOCK_WRITE_WAITERS:
1155 db_printf("readers and writers\n");
1156 break;
1157 default:
1158 db_printf("none\n");
1159 break;
1160 }
1161 }
1162
1163 #endif
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