The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, Second Edition
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FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/kern/subr_prf.c

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    1 /*-
    2  * Copyright (c) 1986, 1988, 1991, 1993
    3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
    4  * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
    5  * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
    6  * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
    7  * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
    8  * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
    9  *
   10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   12  * are met:
   13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   18  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
   19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
   20  *    without specific prior written permission.
   21  *
   22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
   23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
   31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
   33  *
   34  *      @(#)subr_prf.c  8.3 (Berkeley) 1/21/94
   35  */
   36 
   37 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
   38 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
   39 
   40 #include "opt_ddb.h"
   41 
   42 #include <sys/param.h>
   43 #include <sys/systm.h>
   44 #include <sys/lock.h>
   45 #include <sys/kdb.h>
   46 #include <sys/mutex.h>
   47 #include <sys/sx.h>
   48 #include <sys/kernel.h>
   49 #include <sys/msgbuf.h>
   50 #include <sys/malloc.h>
   51 #include <sys/proc.h>
   52 #include <sys/stddef.h>
   53 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
   54 #include <sys/tty.h>
   55 #include <sys/syslog.h>
   56 #include <sys/cons.h>
   57 #include <sys/uio.h>
   58 #include <sys/ctype.h>
   59 
   60 #ifdef DDB
   61 #include <ddb/ddb.h>
   62 #endif
   63 
   64 /*
   65  * Note that stdarg.h and the ANSI style va_start macro is used for both
   66  * ANSI and traditional C compilers.
   67  */
   68 #include <machine/stdarg.h>
   69 
   70 #define TOCONS  0x01
   71 #define TOTTY   0x02
   72 #define TOLOG   0x04
   73 
   74 /* Max number conversion buffer length: a u_quad_t in base 2, plus NUL byte. */
   75 #define MAXNBUF (sizeof(intmax_t) * NBBY + 1)
   76 
   77 struct putchar_arg {
   78         int     flags;
   79         int     pri;
   80         struct  tty *tty;
   81 };
   82 
   83 struct snprintf_arg {
   84         char    *str;
   85         size_t  remain;
   86 };
   87 
   88 extern  int log_open;
   89 
   90 static void  msglogchar(int c, int pri);
   91 static void  putchar(int ch, void *arg);
   92 static char *ksprintn(char *nbuf, uintmax_t num, int base, int *len, int upper);
   93 static void  snprintf_func(int ch, void *arg);
   94 
   95 static int consintr = 1;                /* Ok to handle console interrupts? */
   96 static int msgbufmapped;                /* Set when safe to use msgbuf */
   97 int msgbuftrigger;
   98 
   99 static int      log_console_output = 1;
  100 TUNABLE_INT("kern.log_console_output", &log_console_output);
  101 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, log_console_output, CTLFLAG_RW,
  102     &log_console_output, 0, "Duplicate console output to the syslog.");
  103 
  104 static int      always_console_output = 0;
  105 TUNABLE_INT("kern.always_console_output", &always_console_output);
  106 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, always_console_output, CTLFLAG_RW,
  107     &always_console_output, 0, "Always output to console despite TIOCCONS.");
  108 
  109 /*
  110  * Warn that a system table is full.
  111  */
  112 void
  113 tablefull(const char *tab)
  114 {
  115 
  116         log(LOG_ERR, "%s: table is full\n", tab);
  117 }
  118 
  119 /*
  120  * Uprintf prints to the controlling terminal for the current process.
  121  */
  122 int
  123 uprintf(const char *fmt, ...)
  124 {
  125         struct thread *td = curthread;
  126         struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
  127         va_list ap;
  128         struct putchar_arg pca;
  129         int retval;
  130 
  131         if (td == NULL || td == PCPU_GET(idlethread))
  132                 return (0);
  133 
  134         mtx_lock(&Giant);
  135         p = td->td_proc;
  136         PROC_LOCK(p);
  137         if ((p->p_flag & P_CONTROLT) == 0) {
  138                 PROC_UNLOCK(p);
  139                 retval = 0;
  140                 goto out;
  141         }
  142         SESS_LOCK(p->p_session);
  143         pca.tty = p->p_session->s_ttyp;
  144         SESS_UNLOCK(p->p_session);
  145         PROC_UNLOCK(p);
  146         if (pca.tty == NULL) {
  147                 retval = 0;
  148                 goto out;
  149         }
  150         pca.flags = TOTTY;
  151         va_start(ap, fmt);
  152         retval = kvprintf(fmt, putchar, &pca, 10, ap);
  153         va_end(ap);
  154 out:
  155         mtx_unlock(&Giant);
  156         return (retval);
  157 }
  158 
  159 /*
  160  * tprintf prints on the controlling terminal associated with the given
  161  * session, possibly to the log as well.
  162  */
  163 void
  164 tprintf(struct proc *p, int pri, const char *fmt, ...)
  165 {
  166         struct tty *tp = NULL;
  167         int flags = 0;
  168         va_list ap;
  169         struct putchar_arg pca;
  170         struct session *sess = NULL;
  171 
  172         mtx_lock(&Giant);
  173         if (pri != -1)
  174                 flags |= TOLOG;
  175         if (p != NULL) {
  176                 PROC_LOCK(p);
  177                 if (p->p_flag & P_CONTROLT && p->p_session->s_ttyvp) {
  178                         sess = p->p_session;
  179                         SESS_LOCK(sess);
  180                         PROC_UNLOCK(p);
  181                         SESSHOLD(sess);
  182                         tp = sess->s_ttyp;
  183                         SESS_UNLOCK(sess);
  184                         if (ttycheckoutq(tp, 0))
  185                                 flags |= TOTTY;
  186                         else
  187                                 tp = NULL;
  188                 } else
  189                         PROC_UNLOCK(p);
  190         }
  191         pca.pri = pri;
  192         pca.tty = tp;
  193         pca.flags = flags;
  194         va_start(ap, fmt);
  195         kvprintf(fmt, putchar, &pca, 10, ap);
  196         va_end(ap);
  197         if (sess != NULL)
  198                 SESSRELE(sess);
  199         msgbuftrigger = 1;
  200         mtx_unlock(&Giant);
  201 }
  202 
  203 /*
  204  * Ttyprintf displays a message on a tty; it should be used only by
  205  * the tty driver, or anything that knows the underlying tty will not
  206  * be revoke(2)'d away.  Other callers should use tprintf.
  207  */
  208 int
  209 ttyprintf(struct tty *tp, const char *fmt, ...)
  210 {
  211         va_list ap;
  212         struct putchar_arg pca;
  213         int retval;
  214 
  215         va_start(ap, fmt);
  216         pca.tty = tp;
  217         pca.flags = TOTTY;
  218         retval = kvprintf(fmt, putchar, &pca, 10, ap);
  219         va_end(ap);
  220         return (retval);
  221 }
  222 
  223 /*
  224  * Log writes to the log buffer, and guarantees not to sleep (so can be
  225  * called by interrupt routines).  If there is no process reading the
  226  * log yet, it writes to the console also.
  227  */
  228 void
  229 log(int level, const char *fmt, ...)
  230 {
  231         va_list ap;
  232         struct putchar_arg pca;
  233 
  234         pca.tty = NULL;
  235         pca.pri = level;
  236         pca.flags = log_open ? TOLOG : TOCONS;
  237 
  238         va_start(ap, fmt);
  239         kvprintf(fmt, putchar, &pca, 10, ap);
  240         va_end(ap);
  241 
  242         msgbuftrigger = 1;
  243 }
  244 
  245 #define CONSCHUNK 128
  246 
  247 void
  248 log_console(struct uio *uio)
  249 {
  250         int c, i, error, nl;
  251         char *consbuffer;
  252         int pri;
  253 
  254         if (!log_console_output)
  255                 return;
  256 
  257         pri = LOG_INFO | LOG_CONSOLE;
  258         uio = cloneuio(uio);
  259         consbuffer = malloc(CONSCHUNK, M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
  260 
  261         nl = 0;
  262         while (uio->uio_resid > 0) {
  263                 c = imin(uio->uio_resid, CONSCHUNK);
  264                 error = uiomove(consbuffer, c, uio);
  265                 if (error != 0)
  266                         break;
  267                 for (i = 0; i < c; i++) {
  268                         msglogchar(consbuffer[i], pri);
  269                         if (consbuffer[i] == '\n')
  270                                 nl = 1;
  271                         else
  272                                 nl = 0;
  273                 }
  274         }
  275         if (!nl)
  276                 msglogchar('\n', pri);
  277         msgbuftrigger = 1;
  278         free(uio, M_IOV);
  279         free(consbuffer, M_TEMP);
  280         return;
  281 }
  282 
  283 int
  284 printf(const char *fmt, ...)
  285 {
  286         va_list ap;
  287         int savintr;
  288         struct putchar_arg pca;
  289         int retval;
  290 
  291         savintr = consintr;             /* disable interrupts */
  292         consintr = 0;
  293         va_start(ap, fmt);
  294         pca.tty = NULL;
  295         pca.flags = TOCONS | TOLOG;
  296         pca.pri = -1;
  297         retval = kvprintf(fmt, putchar, &pca, 10, ap);
  298         va_end(ap);
  299         if (!panicstr)
  300                 msgbuftrigger = 1;
  301         consintr = savintr;             /* reenable interrupts */
  302         return (retval);
  303 }
  304 
  305 int
  306 vprintf(const char *fmt, va_list ap)
  307 {
  308         int savintr;
  309         struct putchar_arg pca;
  310         int retval;
  311 
  312         savintr = consintr;             /* disable interrupts */
  313         consintr = 0;
  314         pca.tty = NULL;
  315         pca.flags = TOCONS | TOLOG;
  316         pca.pri = -1;
  317         retval = kvprintf(fmt, putchar, &pca, 10, ap);
  318         if (!panicstr)
  319                 msgbuftrigger = 1;
  320         consintr = savintr;             /* reenable interrupts */
  321         return (retval);
  322 }
  323 
  324 /*
  325  * Print a character on console or users terminal.  If destination is
  326  * the console then the last bunch of characters are saved in msgbuf for
  327  * inspection later.
  328  */
  329 static void
  330 putchar(int c, void *arg)
  331 {
  332         struct putchar_arg *ap = (struct putchar_arg*) arg;
  333         struct tty *tp = ap->tty;
  334         int consdirect, flags = ap->flags;
  335 
  336         consdirect = ((flags & TOCONS) && constty == NULL);
  337         /* Don't use the tty code after a panic or while in ddb. */
  338         if (panicstr)
  339                 consdirect = 1;
  340         if (kdb_active)
  341                 consdirect = 1;
  342         if (consdirect) {
  343                 if (c != '\0')
  344                         cnputc(c);
  345         } else {
  346                 if ((flags & TOTTY) && tp != NULL)
  347                         tputchar(c, tp);
  348                 if (flags & TOCONS) {
  349                         if (constty != NULL)
  350                                 msgbuf_addchar(&consmsgbuf, c);
  351                         if (always_console_output && c != '\0')
  352                                 cnputc(c);
  353                 }
  354         }
  355         if ((flags & TOLOG))
  356                 msglogchar(c, ap->pri);
  357 }
  358 
  359 /*
  360  * Scaled down version of sprintf(3).
  361  */
  362 int
  363 sprintf(char *buf, const char *cfmt, ...)
  364 {
  365         int retval;
  366         va_list ap;
  367 
  368         va_start(ap, cfmt);
  369         retval = kvprintf(cfmt, NULL, (void *)buf, 10, ap);
  370         buf[retval] = '\0';
  371         va_end(ap);
  372         return (retval);
  373 }
  374 
  375 /*
  376  * Scaled down version of vsprintf(3).
  377  */
  378 int
  379 vsprintf(char *buf, const char *cfmt, va_list ap)
  380 {
  381         int retval;
  382 
  383         retval = kvprintf(cfmt, NULL, (void *)buf, 10, ap);
  384         buf[retval] = '\0';
  385         return (retval);
  386 }
  387 
  388 /*
  389  * Scaled down version of snprintf(3).
  390  */
  391 int
  392 snprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, ...)
  393 {
  394         int retval;
  395         va_list ap;
  396 
  397         va_start(ap, format);
  398         retval = vsnprintf(str, size, format, ap);
  399         va_end(ap);
  400         return(retval);
  401 }
  402 
  403 /*
  404  * Scaled down version of vsnprintf(3).
  405  */
  406 int
  407 vsnprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, va_list ap)
  408 {
  409         struct snprintf_arg info;
  410         int retval;
  411 
  412         info.str = str;
  413         info.remain = size;
  414         retval = kvprintf(format, snprintf_func, &info, 10, ap);
  415         if (info.remain >= 1)
  416                 *info.str++ = '\0';
  417         return (retval);
  418 }
  419 
  420 /*
  421  * Kernel version which takes radix argument vsnprintf(3).
  422  */
  423 int
  424 vsnrprintf(char *str, size_t size, int radix, const char *format, va_list ap)
  425 {
  426         struct snprintf_arg info;
  427         int retval;
  428 
  429         info.str = str;
  430         info.remain = size;
  431         retval = kvprintf(format, snprintf_func, &info, radix, ap);
  432         if (info.remain >= 1)
  433                 *info.str++ = '\0';
  434         return (retval);
  435 }
  436 
  437 static void
  438 snprintf_func(int ch, void *arg)
  439 {
  440         struct snprintf_arg *const info = arg;
  441 
  442         if (info->remain >= 2) {
  443                 *info->str++ = ch;
  444                 info->remain--;
  445         }
  446 }
  447 
  448 /*
  449  * Put a NUL-terminated ASCII number (base <= 36) in a buffer in reverse
  450  * order; return an optional length and a pointer to the last character
  451  * written in the buffer (i.e., the first character of the string).
  452  * The buffer pointed to by `nbuf' must have length >= MAXNBUF.
  453  */
  454 static char *
  455 ksprintn(char *nbuf, uintmax_t num, int base, int *lenp, int upper)
  456 {
  457         char *p, c;
  458 
  459         p = nbuf;
  460         *p = '\0';
  461         do {
  462                 c = hex2ascii(num % base);
  463                 *++p = upper ? toupper(c) : c;
  464         } while (num /= base);
  465         if (lenp)
  466                 *lenp = p - nbuf;
  467         return (p);
  468 }
  469 
  470 /*
  471  * Scaled down version of printf(3).
  472  *
  473  * Two additional formats:
  474  *
  475  * The format %b is supported to decode error registers.
  476  * Its usage is:
  477  *
  478  *      printf("reg=%b\n", regval, "<base><arg>*");
  479  *
  480  * where <base> is the output base expressed as a control character, e.g.
  481  * \10 gives octal; \20 gives hex.  Each arg is a sequence of characters,
  482  * the first of which gives the bit number to be inspected (origin 1), and
  483  * the next characters (up to a control character, i.e. a character <= 32),
  484  * give the name of the register.  Thus:
  485  *
  486  *      kvprintf("reg=%b\n", 3, "\1\2BITTWO\1BITONE\n");
  487  *
  488  * would produce output:
  489  *
  490  *      reg=3<BITTWO,BITONE>
  491  *
  492  * XXX:  %D  -- Hexdump, takes pointer and separator string:
  493  *              ("%6D", ptr, ":")   -> XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX
  494  *              ("%*D", len, ptr, " " -> XX XX XX XX ...
  495  */
  496 int
  497 kvprintf(char const *fmt, void (*func)(int, void*), void *arg, int radix, va_list ap)
  498 {
  499 #define PCHAR(c) {int cc=(c); if (func) (*func)(cc,arg); else *d++ = cc; retval++; }
  500         char nbuf[MAXNBUF];
  501         char *d;
  502         const char *p, *percent, *q;
  503         u_char *up;
  504         int ch, n;
  505         uintmax_t num;
  506         int base, lflag, qflag, tmp, width, ladjust, sharpflag, neg, sign, dot;
  507         int cflag, hflag, jflag, tflag, zflag;
  508         int dwidth, upper;
  509         char padc;
  510         int stop = 0, retval = 0;
  511 
  512         num = 0;
  513         if (!func)
  514                 d = (char *) arg;
  515         else
  516                 d = NULL;
  517 
  518         if (fmt == NULL)
  519                 fmt = "(fmt null)\n";
  520 
  521         if (radix < 2 || radix > 36)
  522                 radix = 10;
  523 
  524         for (;;) {
  525                 padc = ' ';
  526                 width = 0;
  527                 while ((ch = (u_char)*fmt++) != '%' || stop) {
  528                         if (ch == '\0')
  529                                 return (retval);
  530                         PCHAR(ch);
  531                 }
  532                 percent = fmt - 1;
  533                 qflag = 0; lflag = 0; ladjust = 0; sharpflag = 0; neg = 0;
  534                 sign = 0; dot = 0; dwidth = 0; upper = 0;
  535                 cflag = 0; hflag = 0; jflag = 0; tflag = 0; zflag = 0;
  536 reswitch:       switch (ch = (u_char)*fmt++) {
  537                 case '.':
  538                         dot = 1;
  539                         goto reswitch;
  540                 case '#':
  541                         sharpflag = 1;
  542                         goto reswitch;
  543                 case '+':
  544                         sign = 1;
  545                         goto reswitch;
  546                 case '-':
  547                         ladjust = 1;
  548                         goto reswitch;
  549                 case '%':
  550                         PCHAR(ch);
  551                         break;
  552                 case '*':
  553                         if (!dot) {
  554                                 width = va_arg(ap, int);
  555                                 if (width < 0) {
  556                                         ladjust = !ladjust;
  557                                         width = -width;
  558                                 }
  559                         } else {
  560                                 dwidth = va_arg(ap, int);
  561                         }
  562                         goto reswitch;
  563                 case '':
  564                         if (!dot) {
  565                                 padc = '';
  566                                 goto reswitch;
  567                         }
  568                 case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
  569                 case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
  570                                 for (n = 0;; ++fmt) {
  571                                         n = n * 10 + ch - '';
  572                                         ch = *fmt;
  573                                         if (ch < '' || ch > '9')
  574                                                 break;
  575                                 }
  576                         if (dot)
  577                                 dwidth = n;
  578                         else
  579                                 width = n;
  580                         goto reswitch;
  581                 case 'b':
  582                         num = (u_int)va_arg(ap, int);
  583                         p = va_arg(ap, char *);
  584                         for (q = ksprintn(nbuf, num, *p++, NULL, 0); *q;)
  585                                 PCHAR(*q--);
  586 
  587                         if (num == 0)
  588                                 break;
  589 
  590                         for (tmp = 0; *p;) {
  591                                 n = *p++;
  592                                 if (num & (1 << (n - 1))) {
  593                                         PCHAR(tmp ? ',' : '<');
  594                                         for (; (n = *p) > ' '; ++p)
  595                                                 PCHAR(n);
  596                                         tmp = 1;
  597                                 } else
  598                                         for (; *p > ' '; ++p)
  599                                                 continue;
  600                         }
  601                         if (tmp)
  602                                 PCHAR('>');
  603                         break;
  604                 case 'c':
  605                         PCHAR(va_arg(ap, int));
  606                         break;
  607                 case 'D':
  608                         up = va_arg(ap, u_char *);
  609                         p = va_arg(ap, char *);
  610                         if (!width)
  611                                 width = 16;
  612                         while(width--) {
  613                                 PCHAR(hex2ascii(*up >> 4));
  614                                 PCHAR(hex2ascii(*up & 0x0f));
  615                                 up++;
  616                                 if (width)
  617                                         for (q=p;*q;q++)
  618                                                 PCHAR(*q);
  619                         }
  620                         break;
  621                 case 'd':
  622                 case 'i':
  623                         base = 10;
  624                         sign = 1;
  625                         goto handle_sign;
  626                 case 'h':
  627                         if (hflag) {
  628                                 hflag = 0;
  629                                 cflag = 1;
  630                         } else
  631                                 hflag = 1;
  632                         goto reswitch;
  633                 case 'j':
  634                         jflag = 1;
  635                         goto reswitch;
  636                 case 'l':
  637                         if (lflag) {
  638                                 lflag = 0;
  639                                 qflag = 1;
  640                         } else
  641                                 lflag = 1;
  642                         goto reswitch;
  643                 case 'n':
  644                         if (jflag)
  645                                 *(va_arg(ap, intmax_t *)) = retval;
  646                         else if (qflag)
  647                                 *(va_arg(ap, quad_t *)) = retval;
  648                         else if (lflag)
  649                                 *(va_arg(ap, long *)) = retval;
  650                         else if (zflag)
  651                                 *(va_arg(ap, size_t *)) = retval;
  652                         else if (hflag)
  653                                 *(va_arg(ap, short *)) = retval;
  654                         else if (cflag)
  655                                 *(va_arg(ap, char *)) = retval;
  656                         else
  657                                 *(va_arg(ap, int *)) = retval;
  658                         break;
  659                 case 'o':
  660                         base = 8;
  661                         goto handle_nosign;
  662                 case 'p':
  663                         base = 16;
  664                         sharpflag = (width == 0);
  665                         sign = 0;
  666                         num = (uintptr_t)va_arg(ap, void *);
  667                         goto number;
  668                 case 'q':
  669                         qflag = 1;
  670                         goto reswitch;
  671                 case 'r':
  672                         base = radix;
  673                         if (sign)
  674                                 goto handle_sign;
  675                         goto handle_nosign;
  676                 case 's':
  677                         p = va_arg(ap, char *);
  678                         if (p == NULL)
  679                                 p = "(null)";
  680                         if (!dot)
  681                                 n = strlen (p);
  682                         else
  683                                 for (n = 0; n < dwidth && p[n]; n++)
  684                                         continue;
  685 
  686                         width -= n;
  687 
  688                         if (!ladjust && width > 0)
  689                                 while (width--)
  690                                         PCHAR(padc);
  691                         while (n--)
  692                                 PCHAR(*p++);
  693                         if (ladjust && width > 0)
  694                                 while (width--)
  695                                         PCHAR(padc);
  696                         break;
  697                 case 't':
  698                         tflag = 1;
  699                         goto reswitch;
  700                 case 'u':
  701                         base = 10;
  702                         goto handle_nosign;
  703                 case 'X':
  704                         upper = 1;
  705                 case 'x':
  706                         base = 16;
  707                         goto handle_nosign;
  708                 case 'y':
  709                         base = 16;
  710                         sign = 1;
  711                         goto handle_sign;
  712                 case 'z':
  713                         zflag = 1;
  714                         goto reswitch;
  715 handle_nosign:
  716                         sign = 0;
  717                         if (jflag)
  718                                 num = va_arg(ap, uintmax_t);
  719                         else if (qflag)
  720                                 num = va_arg(ap, u_quad_t);
  721                         else if (tflag)
  722                                 num = va_arg(ap, ptrdiff_t);
  723                         else if (lflag)
  724                                 num = va_arg(ap, u_long);
  725                         else if (zflag)
  726                                 num = va_arg(ap, size_t);
  727                         else if (hflag)
  728                                 num = (u_short)va_arg(ap, int);
  729                         else if (cflag)
  730                                 num = (u_char)va_arg(ap, int);
  731                         else
  732                                 num = va_arg(ap, u_int);
  733                         goto number;
  734 handle_sign:
  735                         if (jflag)
  736                                 num = va_arg(ap, intmax_t);
  737                         else if (qflag)
  738                                 num = va_arg(ap, quad_t);
  739                         else if (tflag)
  740                                 num = va_arg(ap, ptrdiff_t);
  741                         else if (lflag)
  742                                 num = va_arg(ap, long);
  743                         else if (zflag)
  744                                 num = va_arg(ap, size_t);
  745                         else if (hflag)
  746                                 num = (short)va_arg(ap, int);
  747                         else if (cflag)
  748                                 num = (char)va_arg(ap, int);
  749                         else
  750                                 num = va_arg(ap, int);
  751 number:
  752                         if (sign && (intmax_t)num < 0) {
  753                                 neg = 1;
  754                                 num = -(intmax_t)num;
  755                         }
  756                         p = ksprintn(nbuf, num, base, &tmp, upper);
  757                         if (sharpflag && num != 0) {
  758                                 if (base == 8)
  759                                         tmp++;
  760                                 else if (base == 16)
  761                                         tmp += 2;
  762                         }
  763                         if (neg)
  764                                 tmp++;
  765 
  766                         if (!ladjust && padc != '' && width
  767                             && (width -= tmp) > 0)
  768                                 while (width--)
  769                                         PCHAR(padc);
  770                         if (neg)
  771                                 PCHAR('-');
  772                         if (sharpflag && num != 0) {
  773                                 if (base == 8) {
  774                                         PCHAR('');
  775                                 } else if (base == 16) {
  776                                         PCHAR('');
  777                                         PCHAR('x');
  778                                 }
  779                         }
  780                         if (!ladjust && width && (width -= tmp) > 0)
  781                                 while (width--)
  782                                         PCHAR(padc);
  783 
  784                         while (*p)
  785                                 PCHAR(*p--);
  786 
  787                         if (ladjust && width && (width -= tmp) > 0)
  788                                 while (width--)
  789                                         PCHAR(padc);
  790 
  791                         break;
  792                 default:
  793                         while (percent < fmt)
  794                                 PCHAR(*percent++);
  795                         /*
  796                          * Since we ignore an formatting argument it is no 
  797                          * longer safe to obey the remaining formatting
  798                          * arguments as the arguments will no longer match
  799                          * the format specs.
  800                          */
  801                         stop = 1;
  802                         break;
  803                 }
  804         }
  805 #undef PCHAR
  806 }
  807 
  808 /*
  809  * Put character in log buffer with a particular priority.
  810  */
  811 static void
  812 msglogchar(int c, int pri)
  813 {
  814         static int lastpri = -1;
  815         static int dangling;
  816         char nbuf[MAXNBUF];
  817         char *p;
  818 
  819         if (!msgbufmapped)
  820                 return;
  821         if (c == '\0' || c == '\r')
  822                 return;
  823         if (pri != -1 && pri != lastpri) {
  824                 if (dangling) {
  825                         msgbuf_addchar(msgbufp, '\n');
  826                         dangling = 0;
  827                 }
  828                 msgbuf_addchar(msgbufp, '<');
  829                 for (p = ksprintn(nbuf, (uintmax_t)pri, 10, NULL, 0); *p;)
  830                         msgbuf_addchar(msgbufp, *p--);
  831                 msgbuf_addchar(msgbufp, '>');
  832                 lastpri = pri;
  833         }
  834         msgbuf_addchar(msgbufp, c);
  835         if (c == '\n') {
  836                 dangling = 0;
  837                 lastpri = -1;
  838         } else {
  839                 dangling = 1;
  840         }
  841 }
  842 
  843 void
  844 msgbufinit(void *ptr, int size)
  845 {
  846         char *cp;
  847         static struct msgbuf *oldp = NULL;
  848 
  849         size -= sizeof(*msgbufp);
  850         cp = (char *)ptr;
  851         msgbufp = (struct msgbuf *)(cp + size);
  852         msgbuf_reinit(msgbufp, cp, size);
  853         if (msgbufmapped && oldp != msgbufp)
  854                 msgbuf_copy(oldp, msgbufp);
  855         msgbufmapped = 1;
  856         oldp = msgbufp;
  857 }
  858 
  859 SYSCTL_DECL(_security_bsd);
  860 
  861 static int unprivileged_read_msgbuf = 1;
  862 SYSCTL_INT(_security_bsd, OID_AUTO, unprivileged_read_msgbuf,
  863     CTLFLAG_RW, &unprivileged_read_msgbuf, 0,
  864     "Unprivileged processes may read the kernel message buffer");
  865 
  866 /* Sysctls for accessing/clearing the msgbuf */
  867 static int
  868 sysctl_kern_msgbuf(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
  869 {
  870         char buf[128];
  871         u_int seq;
  872         int error, len;
  873 
  874         if (!unprivileged_read_msgbuf) {
  875                 error = suser(req->td);
  876                 if (error)
  877                         return (error);
  878         }
  879 
  880         /* Read the whole buffer, one chunk at a time. */
  881         msgbuf_peekbytes(msgbufp, NULL, 0, &seq);
  882         while ((len = msgbuf_peekbytes(msgbufp, buf, sizeof(buf), &seq)) > 0) {
  883                 error = sysctl_handle_opaque(oidp, buf, len, req);
  884                 if (error)
  885                         return (error);
  886         }
  887         return (0);
  888 }
  889 
  890 SYSCTL_PROC(_kern, OID_AUTO, msgbuf, CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_RD,
  891     0, 0, sysctl_kern_msgbuf, "A", "Contents of kernel message buffer");
  892 
  893 static int msgbuf_clearflag;
  894 
  895 static int
  896 sysctl_kern_msgbuf_clear(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
  897 {
  898         int error;
  899         error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, oidp->oid_arg1, oidp->oid_arg2, req);
  900         if (!error && req->newptr) {
  901                 msgbuf_clear(msgbufp);
  902                 msgbuf_clearflag = 0;
  903         }
  904         return (error);
  905 }
  906 
  907 SYSCTL_PROC(_kern, OID_AUTO, msgbuf_clear,
  908     CTLTYPE_INT | CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_SECURE, &msgbuf_clearflag, 0,
  909     sysctl_kern_msgbuf_clear, "I", "Clear kernel message buffer");
  910 
  911 #ifdef DDB
  912 
  913 DB_SHOW_COMMAND(msgbuf, db_show_msgbuf)
  914 {
  915         int i, j, quit;
  916 
  917         quit = 0;
  918 
  919         if (!msgbufmapped) {
  920                 db_printf("msgbuf not mapped yet\n");
  921                 return;
  922         }
  923         db_setup_paging(db_simple_pager, &quit, db_lines_per_page);
  924         db_printf("msgbufp = %p\n", msgbufp);
  925         db_printf("magic = %x, size = %d, r= %u, w = %u, ptr = %p, cksum= %u\n",
  926             msgbufp->msg_magic, msgbufp->msg_size, msgbufp->msg_rseq,
  927             msgbufp->msg_wseq, msgbufp->msg_ptr, msgbufp->msg_cksum);
  928         for (i = 0; i < msgbufp->msg_size && !quit; i++) {
  929                 j = MSGBUF_SEQ_TO_POS(msgbufp, i + msgbufp->msg_rseq);
  930                 db_printf("%c", msgbufp->msg_ptr[j]);
  931         }
  932         db_printf("\n");
  933 }
  934 
  935 #endif /* DDB */
  936 
  937 void
  938 hexdump(const void *ptr, int length, const char *hdr, int flags)
  939 {
  940         int i, j, k;
  941         int cols;
  942         const unsigned char *cp;
  943         char delim;
  944 
  945         if ((flags & HD_DELIM_MASK) != 0)
  946                 delim = (flags & HD_DELIM_MASK) >> 8;
  947         else
  948                 delim = ' ';
  949 
  950         if ((flags & HD_COLUMN_MASK) != 0)
  951                 cols = flags & HD_COLUMN_MASK;
  952         else
  953                 cols = 16;
  954 
  955         cp = ptr;
  956         for (i = 0; i < length; i+= cols) {
  957                 if (hdr != NULL)
  958                         printf("%s", hdr);
  959 
  960                 if ((flags & HD_OMIT_COUNT) == 0)
  961                         printf("%04x  ", i);
  962 
  963                 if ((flags & HD_OMIT_HEX) == 0) {
  964                         for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
  965                                 k = i + j;
  966                                 if (k < length)
  967                                         printf("%c%02x", delim, cp[k]);
  968                                 else
  969                                         printf("   ");
  970                         }
  971                 }
  972 
  973                 if ((flags & HD_OMIT_CHARS) == 0) {
  974                         printf("  |");
  975                         for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
  976                                 k = i + j;
  977                                 if (k >= length)
  978                                         printf(" ");
  979                                 else if (cp[k] >= ' ' && cp[k] <= '~')
  980                                         printf("%c", cp[k]);
  981                                 else
  982                                         printf(".");
  983                         }
  984                         printf("|\n");
  985                 }
  986         }
  987 }
  988 

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