The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, Second Edition
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FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/kern/subr_prof.c

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    1 /*-
    2  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1993
    3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
    4  *
    5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
    7  * are met:
    8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
    9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
   14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
   15  *      This product includes software developed by the University of
   16  *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
   17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
   18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
   19  *    without specific prior written permission.
   20  *
   21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
   22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
   30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
   32  *
   33  *      @(#)subr_prof.c 8.3 (Berkeley) 9/23/93
   34  */
   35 
   36 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
   37 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD: releng/5.2/sys/kern/subr_prof.c 116182 2003-06-11 00:56:59Z obrien $");
   38 
   39 #include <sys/param.h>
   40 #include <sys/systm.h>
   41 #include <sys/sysproto.h>
   42 #include <sys/kernel.h>
   43 #include <sys/lock.h>
   44 #include <sys/mutex.h>
   45 #include <sys/proc.h>
   46 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
   47 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
   48 
   49 #include <machine/cpu.h>
   50 
   51 #ifdef GPROF
   52 #include <sys/malloc.h>
   53 #include <sys/gmon.h>
   54 #undef MCOUNT
   55 
   56 static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_GPROF, "gprof", "kernel profiling buffer");
   57 
   58 static void kmstartup(void *);
   59 SYSINIT(kmem, SI_SUB_KPROF, SI_ORDER_FIRST, kmstartup, NULL)
   60 
   61 struct gmonparam _gmonparam = { GMON_PROF_OFF };
   62 
   63 #ifdef GUPROF
   64 #include <machine/asmacros.h>
   65 
   66 void
   67 nullfunc_loop_profiled()
   68 {
   69         int i;
   70 
   71         for (i = 0; i < CALIB_SCALE; i++)
   72                 nullfunc_profiled();
   73 }
   74 
   75 #define nullfunc_loop_profiled_end      nullfunc_profiled       /* XXX */
   76 
   77 void
   78 nullfunc_profiled()
   79 {
   80 }
   81 #endif /* GUPROF */
   82 
   83 /*
   84  * Update the histograms to support extending the text region arbitrarily.
   85  * This is done slightly naively (no sparse regions), so will waste slight
   86  * amounts of memory, but will overall work nicely enough to allow profiling
   87  * of KLDs.
   88  */
   89 void
   90 kmupetext(uintfptr_t nhighpc)
   91 {
   92         struct gmonparam np;    /* slightly large */
   93         struct gmonparam *p = &_gmonparam;
   94         char *cp;
   95 
   96         GIANT_REQUIRED;
   97         bcopy(p, &np, sizeof(*p));
   98         np.highpc = ROUNDUP(nhighpc, HISTFRACTION * sizeof(HISTCOUNTER));
   99         if (np.highpc <= p->highpc)
  100                 return;
  101         np.textsize = np.highpc - p->lowpc;
  102         np.kcountsize = np.textsize / HISTFRACTION;
  103         np.hashfraction = HASHFRACTION;
  104         np.fromssize = np.textsize / HASHFRACTION;
  105         np.tolimit = np.textsize * ARCDENSITY / 100;
  106         if (np.tolimit < MINARCS)
  107                 np.tolimit = MINARCS;
  108         else if (np.tolimit > MAXARCS)
  109                 np.tolimit = MAXARCS;
  110         np.tossize = np.tolimit * sizeof(struct tostruct);
  111         cp = malloc(np.kcountsize + np.fromssize + np.tossize,
  112             M_GPROF, M_WAITOK);
  113         /*
  114          * Check for something else extending highpc while we slept.
  115          */
  116         if (np.highpc <= p->highpc) {
  117                 free(cp, M_GPROF);
  118                 return;
  119         }
  120         np.tos = (struct tostruct *)cp;
  121         cp += np.tossize;
  122         np.kcount = (HISTCOUNTER *)cp;
  123         cp += np.kcountsize;
  124         np.froms = (u_short *)cp;
  125 #ifdef GUPROF
  126         /* Reinitialize pointers to overhead counters. */
  127         np.cputime_count = &KCOUNT(&np, PC_TO_I(&np, cputime));
  128         np.mcount_count = &KCOUNT(&np, PC_TO_I(&np, mcount));
  129         np.mexitcount_count = &KCOUNT(&np, PC_TO_I(&np, mexitcount));
  130 #endif
  131         critical_enter();
  132         bcopy(p->tos, np.tos, p->tossize);
  133         bzero((char *)np.tos + p->tossize, np.tossize - p->tossize);
  134         bcopy(p->kcount, np.kcount, p->kcountsize);
  135         bzero((char *)np.kcount + p->kcountsize, np.kcountsize -
  136             p->kcountsize);
  137         bcopy(p->froms, np.froms, p->fromssize);
  138         bzero((char *)np.froms + p->fromssize, np.fromssize - p->fromssize);
  139         cp = (char *)p->tos;
  140         bcopy(&np, p, sizeof(*p));
  141         critical_exit();
  142         free(cp, M_GPROF);
  143 }
  144 
  145 static void
  146 kmstartup(dummy)
  147         void *dummy;
  148 {
  149         char *cp;
  150         struct gmonparam *p = &_gmonparam;
  151 #ifdef GUPROF
  152         int cputime_overhead;
  153         int empty_loop_time;
  154         int i;
  155         int mcount_overhead;
  156         int mexitcount_overhead;
  157         int nullfunc_loop_overhead;
  158         int nullfunc_loop_profiled_time;
  159         uintfptr_t tmp_addr;
  160 #endif
  161 
  162         /*
  163          * Round lowpc and highpc to multiples of the density we're using
  164          * so the rest of the scaling (here and in gprof) stays in ints.
  165          */
  166         p->lowpc = ROUNDDOWN((u_long)btext, HISTFRACTION * sizeof(HISTCOUNTER));
  167         p->highpc = ROUNDUP((u_long)etext, HISTFRACTION * sizeof(HISTCOUNTER));
  168         p->textsize = p->highpc - p->lowpc;
  169         printf("Profiling kernel, textsize=%lu [%x..%x]\n",
  170                p->textsize, p->lowpc, p->highpc);
  171         p->kcountsize = p->textsize / HISTFRACTION;
  172         p->hashfraction = HASHFRACTION;
  173         p->fromssize = p->textsize / HASHFRACTION;
  174         p->tolimit = p->textsize * ARCDENSITY / 100;
  175         if (p->tolimit < MINARCS)
  176                 p->tolimit = MINARCS;
  177         else if (p->tolimit > MAXARCS)
  178                 p->tolimit = MAXARCS;
  179         p->tossize = p->tolimit * sizeof(struct tostruct);
  180         cp = (char *)malloc(p->kcountsize + p->fromssize + p->tossize,
  181             M_GPROF, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
  182         p->tos = (struct tostruct *)cp;
  183         cp += p->tossize;
  184         p->kcount = (HISTCOUNTER *)cp;
  185         cp += p->kcountsize;
  186         p->froms = (u_short *)cp;
  187 
  188 #ifdef GUPROF
  189         /* Initialize pointers to overhead counters. */
  190         p->cputime_count = &KCOUNT(p, PC_TO_I(p, cputime));
  191         p->mcount_count = &KCOUNT(p, PC_TO_I(p, mcount));
  192         p->mexitcount_count = &KCOUNT(p, PC_TO_I(p, mexitcount));
  193 
  194         /*
  195          * Disable interrupts to avoid interference while we calibrate
  196          * things.
  197          */
  198         critical_enter();
  199 
  200         /*
  201          * Determine overheads.
  202          * XXX this needs to be repeated for each useful timer/counter.
  203          */
  204         cputime_overhead = 0;
  205         startguprof(p);
  206         for (i = 0; i < CALIB_SCALE; i++)
  207                 cputime_overhead += cputime();
  208 
  209         empty_loop();
  210         startguprof(p);
  211         empty_loop();
  212         empty_loop_time = cputime();
  213 
  214         nullfunc_loop_profiled();
  215 
  216         /*
  217          * Start profiling.  There won't be any normal function calls since
  218          * interrupts are disabled, but we will call the profiling routines
  219          * directly to determine their overheads.
  220          */
  221         p->state = GMON_PROF_HIRES;
  222 
  223         startguprof(p);
  224         nullfunc_loop_profiled();
  225 
  226         startguprof(p);
  227         for (i = 0; i < CALIB_SCALE; i++)
  228 #if defined(__i386__) && __GNUC__ >= 2
  229                 __asm("pushl %0; call __mcount; popl %%ecx"
  230                       :
  231                       : "i" (profil)
  232                       : "ax", "bx", "cx", "dx", "memory");
  233 #elif defined(lint)
  234 #else
  235 #error
  236 #endif
  237         mcount_overhead = KCOUNT(p, PC_TO_I(p, profil));
  238 
  239         startguprof(p);
  240         for (i = 0; i < CALIB_SCALE; i++)
  241 #if defined(__i386__) && __GNUC__ >= 2
  242                     __asm("call " __XSTRING(HIDENAME(mexitcount)) "; 1:"
  243                           : : : "ax", "bx", "cx", "dx", "memory");
  244         __asm("movl $1b,%0" : "=rm" (tmp_addr));
  245 #elif defined(lint)
  246 #else
  247 #error
  248 #endif
  249         mexitcount_overhead = KCOUNT(p, PC_TO_I(p, tmp_addr));
  250 
  251         p->state = GMON_PROF_OFF;
  252         stopguprof(p);
  253 
  254         critical_exit();
  255 
  256         nullfunc_loop_profiled_time = 0;
  257         for (tmp_addr = (uintfptr_t)nullfunc_loop_profiled;
  258              tmp_addr < (uintfptr_t)nullfunc_loop_profiled_end;
  259              tmp_addr += HISTFRACTION * sizeof(HISTCOUNTER))
  260                 nullfunc_loop_profiled_time += KCOUNT(p, PC_TO_I(p, tmp_addr));
  261 #define CALIB_DOSCALE(count)    (((count) + CALIB_SCALE / 3) / CALIB_SCALE)
  262 #define c2n(count, freq)        ((int)((count) * 1000000000LL / freq))
  263         printf("cputime %d, empty_loop %d, nullfunc_loop_profiled %d, mcount %d, mexitcount %d\n",
  264                CALIB_DOSCALE(c2n(cputime_overhead, p->profrate)),
  265                CALIB_DOSCALE(c2n(empty_loop_time, p->profrate)),
  266                CALIB_DOSCALE(c2n(nullfunc_loop_profiled_time, p->profrate)),
  267                CALIB_DOSCALE(c2n(mcount_overhead, p->profrate)),
  268                CALIB_DOSCALE(c2n(mexitcount_overhead, p->profrate)));
  269         cputime_overhead -= empty_loop_time;
  270         mcount_overhead -= empty_loop_time;
  271         mexitcount_overhead -= empty_loop_time;
  272 
  273         /*-
  274          * Profiling overheads are determined by the times between the
  275          * following events:
  276          *      MC1: mcount() is called
  277          *      MC2: cputime() (called from mcount()) latches the timer
  278          *      MC3: mcount() completes
  279          *      ME1: mexitcount() is called
  280          *      ME2: cputime() (called from mexitcount()) latches the timer
  281          *      ME3: mexitcount() completes.
  282          * The times between the events vary slightly depending on instruction
  283          * combination and cache misses, etc.  Attempt to determine the
  284          * minimum times.  These can be subtracted from the profiling times
  285          * without much risk of reducing the profiling times below what they
  286          * would be when profiling is not configured.  Abbreviate:
  287          *      ab = minimum time between MC1 and MC3
  288          *      a  = minumum time between MC1 and MC2
  289          *      b  = minimum time between MC2 and MC3
  290          *      cd = minimum time between ME1 and ME3
  291          *      c  = minimum time between ME1 and ME2
  292          *      d  = minimum time between ME2 and ME3.
  293          * These satisfy the relations:
  294          *      ab            <= mcount_overhead                (just measured)
  295          *      a + b         <= ab
  296          *              cd    <= mexitcount_overhead            (just measured)
  297          *              c + d <= cd
  298          *      a         + d <= nullfunc_loop_profiled_time    (just measured)
  299          *      a >= 0, b >= 0, c >= 0, d >= 0.
  300          * Assume that ab and cd are equal to the minimums.
  301          */
  302         p->cputime_overhead = CALIB_DOSCALE(cputime_overhead);
  303         p->mcount_overhead = CALIB_DOSCALE(mcount_overhead - cputime_overhead);
  304         p->mexitcount_overhead = CALIB_DOSCALE(mexitcount_overhead
  305                                                - cputime_overhead);
  306         nullfunc_loop_overhead = nullfunc_loop_profiled_time - empty_loop_time;
  307         p->mexitcount_post_overhead = CALIB_DOSCALE((mcount_overhead
  308                                                      - nullfunc_loop_overhead)
  309                                                     / 4);
  310         p->mexitcount_pre_overhead = p->mexitcount_overhead
  311                                      + p->cputime_overhead
  312                                      - p->mexitcount_post_overhead;
  313         p->mcount_pre_overhead = CALIB_DOSCALE(nullfunc_loop_overhead)
  314                                  - p->mexitcount_post_overhead;
  315         p->mcount_post_overhead = p->mcount_overhead
  316                                   + p->cputime_overhead
  317                                   - p->mcount_pre_overhead;
  318         printf(
  319 "Profiling overheads: mcount: %d+%d, %d+%d; mexitcount: %d+%d, %d+%d nsec\n",
  320                c2n(p->cputime_overhead, p->profrate),
  321                c2n(p->mcount_overhead, p->profrate),
  322                c2n(p->mcount_pre_overhead, p->profrate),
  323                c2n(p->mcount_post_overhead, p->profrate),
  324                c2n(p->cputime_overhead, p->profrate),
  325                c2n(p->mexitcount_overhead, p->profrate),
  326                c2n(p->mexitcount_pre_overhead, p->profrate),
  327                c2n(p->mexitcount_post_overhead, p->profrate));
  328         printf(
  329 "Profiling overheads: mcount: %d+%d, %d+%d; mexitcount: %d+%d, %d+%d cycles\n",
  330                p->cputime_overhead, p->mcount_overhead,
  331                p->mcount_pre_overhead, p->mcount_post_overhead,
  332                p->cputime_overhead, p->mexitcount_overhead,
  333                p->mexitcount_pre_overhead, p->mexitcount_post_overhead);
  334 #endif /* GUPROF */
  335 }
  336 
  337 /*
  338  * Return kernel profiling information.
  339  */
  340 static int
  341 sysctl_kern_prof(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
  342 {
  343         int *name = (int *) arg1;
  344         u_int namelen = arg2;
  345         struct gmonparam *gp = &_gmonparam;
  346         int error;
  347         int state;
  348 
  349         /* all sysctl names at this level are terminal */
  350         if (namelen != 1)
  351                 return (ENOTDIR);               /* overloaded */
  352 
  353         switch (name[0]) {
  354         case GPROF_STATE:
  355                 state = gp->state;
  356                 error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &state, 0, req);
  357                 if (error)
  358                         return (error);
  359                 if (!req->newptr)
  360                         return (0);
  361                 if (state == GMON_PROF_OFF) {
  362                         gp->state = state;
  363                         PROC_LOCK(&proc0);
  364                         stopprofclock(&proc0);
  365                         PROC_UNLOCK(&proc0);
  366                         stopguprof(gp);
  367                 } else if (state == GMON_PROF_ON) {
  368                         gp->state = GMON_PROF_OFF;
  369                         stopguprof(gp);
  370                         gp->profrate = profhz;
  371                         PROC_LOCK(&proc0);
  372                         startprofclock(&proc0);
  373                         PROC_UNLOCK(&proc0);
  374                         gp->state = state;
  375 #ifdef GUPROF
  376                 } else if (state == GMON_PROF_HIRES) {
  377                         gp->state = GMON_PROF_OFF;
  378                         PROC_LOCK(&proc0);
  379                         stopprofclock(&proc0);
  380                         PROC_UNLOCK(&proc0);
  381                         startguprof(gp);
  382                         gp->state = state;
  383 #endif
  384                 } else if (state != gp->state)
  385                         return (EINVAL);
  386                 return (0);
  387         case GPROF_COUNT:
  388                 return (sysctl_handle_opaque(oidp, 
  389                         gp->kcount, gp->kcountsize, req));
  390         case GPROF_FROMS:
  391                 return (sysctl_handle_opaque(oidp, 
  392                         gp->froms, gp->fromssize, req));
  393         case GPROF_TOS:
  394                 return (sysctl_handle_opaque(oidp, 
  395                         gp->tos, gp->tossize, req));
  396         case GPROF_GMONPARAM:
  397                 return (sysctl_handle_opaque(oidp, gp, sizeof *gp, req));
  398         default:
  399                 return (EOPNOTSUPP);
  400         }
  401         /* NOTREACHED */
  402 }
  403 
  404 SYSCTL_NODE(_kern, KERN_PROF, prof, CTLFLAG_RW, sysctl_kern_prof, "");
  405 #endif /* GPROF */
  406 
  407 /*
  408  * Profiling system call.
  409  *
  410  * The scale factor is a fixed point number with 16 bits of fraction, so that
  411  * 1.0 is represented as 0x10000.  A scale factor of 0 turns off profiling.
  412  */
  413 #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
  414 struct profil_args {
  415         caddr_t samples;
  416         size_t  size;
  417         size_t  offset;
  418         u_int   scale;
  419 };
  420 #endif
  421 /*
  422  * MPSAFE
  423  */
  424 /* ARGSUSED */
  425 int
  426 profil(td, uap)
  427         struct thread *td;
  428         register struct profil_args *uap;
  429 {
  430         struct uprof *upp;
  431         struct proc *p;
  432 
  433         if (uap->scale > (1 << 16))
  434                 return (EINVAL);
  435 
  436         p = td->td_proc;
  437         if (uap->scale == 0) {
  438                 PROC_LOCK(td->td_proc);
  439                 stopprofclock(td->td_proc);
  440                 PROC_UNLOCK(td->td_proc);
  441                 return (0);
  442         }
  443         upp = &td->td_proc->p_stats->p_prof;
  444         upp->pr_off = uap->offset;
  445         upp->pr_scale = uap->scale;
  446         upp->pr_base = uap->samples;
  447         upp->pr_size = uap->size;
  448         PROC_LOCK(p);
  449         startprofclock(p);
  450         PROC_UNLOCK(p);
  451 
  452         return (0);
  453 }
  454 
  455 /*
  456  * Scale is a fixed-point number with the binary point 16 bits
  457  * into the value, and is <= 1.0.  pc is at most 32 bits, so the
  458  * intermediate result is at most 48 bits.
  459  */
  460 #define PC_TO_INDEX(pc, prof) \
  461         ((int)(((u_quad_t)((pc) - (prof)->pr_off) * \
  462             (u_quad_t)((prof)->pr_scale)) >> 16) & ~1)
  463 
  464 /*
  465  * Collect user-level profiling statistics; called on a profiling tick,
  466  * when a process is running in user-mode.  This routine may be called
  467  * from an interrupt context.  We try to update the user profiling buffers
  468  * cheaply with fuswintr() and suswintr().  If that fails, we revert to
  469  * an AST that will vector us to trap() with a context in which copyin
  470  * and copyout will work.  Trap will then call addupc_task().
  471  *
  472  * Note that we may (rarely) not get around to the AST soon enough, and
  473  * lose profile ticks when the next tick overwrites this one, but in this
  474  * case the system is overloaded and the profile is probably already
  475  * inaccurate.
  476  */
  477 void
  478 addupc_intr(struct thread *td, uintptr_t pc, u_int ticks)
  479 {
  480         struct uprof *prof;
  481         caddr_t addr;
  482         u_int i;
  483         int v;
  484 
  485         if (ticks == 0)
  486                 return;
  487         prof = &td->td_proc->p_stats->p_prof;
  488         if (pc < prof->pr_off ||
  489             (i = PC_TO_INDEX(pc, prof)) >= prof->pr_size)
  490                 return;                 /* out of range; ignore */
  491 
  492         addr = prof->pr_base + i;
  493         if ((v = fuswintr(addr)) == -1 || suswintr(addr, v + ticks) == -1) {
  494                 mtx_lock_spin(&sched_lock);
  495                 prof->pr_addr = pc;
  496                 prof->pr_ticks = ticks;
  497                 td->td_flags |= TDF_OWEUPC | TDF_ASTPENDING ;
  498                 mtx_unlock_spin(&sched_lock);
  499         }
  500 }
  501 
  502 /*
  503  * Much like before, but we can afford to take faults here.  If the
  504  * update fails, we simply turn off profiling.
  505  */
  506 void
  507 addupc_task(struct thread *td, uintptr_t pc, u_int ticks)
  508 {
  509         struct proc *p = td->td_proc; 
  510         struct uprof *prof;
  511         caddr_t addr;
  512         u_int i;
  513         u_short v;
  514         int stop = 0;
  515 
  516         if (ticks == 0)
  517                 return;
  518 
  519         PROC_LOCK(p);
  520         if (!(p->p_flag & P_PROFIL)) {
  521                 PROC_UNLOCK(p);
  522                 return;
  523         }
  524         p->p_profthreads++;
  525         PROC_UNLOCK(p);
  526         prof = &p->p_stats->p_prof;
  527         if (pc < prof->pr_off ||
  528             (i = PC_TO_INDEX(pc, prof)) >= prof->pr_size) {
  529                 goto out;
  530         }
  531 
  532         addr = prof->pr_base + i;
  533         if (copyin(addr, &v, sizeof(v)) == 0) {
  534                 v += ticks;
  535                 if (copyout(&v, addr, sizeof(v)) == 0)
  536                         goto out;
  537         }
  538         stop = 1;
  539 
  540 out:
  541         PROC_LOCK(p);
  542         if (--p->p_profthreads == 0) {
  543                 if (p->p_flag & P_STOPPROF) {
  544                         wakeup(&p->p_profthreads);
  545                         stop = 0;
  546                 }
  547         }
  548         if (stop)
  549                 stopprofclock(p);
  550         PROC_UNLOCK(p);
  551 }
  552 
  553 #if defined(__i386__) && __GNUC__ >= 2
  554 /*
  555  * Support for "--test-coverage --profile-arcs" in GCC.
  556  *
  557  * We need to call all the functions in the .ctor section, in order
  558  * to get all the counter-arrays strung into a list.
  559  *
  560  * XXX: the .ctors call __bb_init_func which is located in over in 
  561  * XXX: i386/i386/support.s for historical reasons.  There is probably
  562  * XXX: no reason for that to be assembler anymore, but doing it right
  563  * XXX: in MI C code requires one to reverse-engineer the type-selection
  564  * XXX: inside GCC.  Have fun.
  565  *
  566  * XXX: Worrisome perspective: Calling the .ctors may make C++ in the
  567  * XXX: kernel feasible.  Don't.
  568  */
  569 typedef void (*ctor_t)(void);
  570 extern ctor_t _start_ctors, _stop_ctors;
  571 
  572 static void
  573 tcov_init(void *foo __unused)
  574 {
  575         ctor_t *p, q;
  576 
  577         for (p = &_start_ctors; p < &_stop_ctors; p++) {
  578                 q = *p;
  579                 q();
  580         }
  581 }
  582 
  583 SYSINIT(tcov_init, SI_SUB_KPROF, SI_ORDER_SECOND, tcov_init, NULL)
  584 
  585 /*
  586  * GCC contains magic to recognize calls to for instance execve() and
  587  * puts in calls to this function to preserve the profile counters.
  588  * XXX: Put zinging punchline here.
  589  */
  590 void __bb_fork_func(void);
  591 void
  592 __bb_fork_func(void)
  593 {
  594 }
  595 
  596 #endif
  597 

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