The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, Second Edition
Now available: The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System (Second Edition)


[ source navigation ] [ diff markup ] [ identifier search ] [ freetext search ] [ file search ] [ list types ] [ track identifier ]

FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/kernel/clock.c

Version: -  FREEBSD  -  FREEBSD-13-STABLE  -  FREEBSD-13-0  -  FREEBSD-12-STABLE  -  FREEBSD-12-0  -  FREEBSD-11-STABLE  -  FREEBSD-11-0  -  FREEBSD-10-STABLE  -  FREEBSD-10-0  -  FREEBSD-9-STABLE  -  FREEBSD-9-0  -  FREEBSD-8-STABLE  -  FREEBSD-8-0  -  FREEBSD-7-STABLE  -  FREEBSD-7-0  -  FREEBSD-6-STABLE  -  FREEBSD-6-0  -  FREEBSD-5-STABLE  -  FREEBSD-5-0  -  FREEBSD-4-STABLE  -  FREEBSD-3-STABLE  -  FREEBSD22  -  l41  -  OPENBSD  -  linux-2.6  -  MK84  -  PLAN9  -  xnu-8792 
SearchContext: -  none  -  3  -  10 

    1 /* This file contains the clock task, which handles time related functions.
    2  * Important events that are handled by the CLOCK include setting and 
    3  * monitoring alarm timers and deciding when to (re)schedule processes. 
    4  * The CLOCK offers a direct interface to kernel processes. System services 
    5  * can access its services through system calls, such as sys_setalarm(). The
    6  * CLOCK task thus is hidden from the outside world.  
    7  *
    8  * Changes:
    9  *   Oct 08, 2005   reordering and comment editing (A. S. Woodhull)
   10  *   Mar 18, 2004   clock interface moved to SYSTEM task (Jorrit N. Herder) 
   11  *   Sep 30, 2004   source code documentation updated  (Jorrit N. Herder)
   12  *   Sep 24, 2004   redesigned alarm timers  (Jorrit N. Herder)
   13  *
   14  * The function do_clocktick() is triggered by the clock's interrupt 
   15  * handler when a watchdog timer has expired or a process must be scheduled. 
   16  *
   17  * In addition to the main clock_task() entry point, which starts the main 
   18  * loop, there are several other minor entry points:
   19  *   clock_stop:        called just before MINIX shutdown
   20  *   get_uptime:        get realtime since boot in clock ticks
   21  *   set_timer:         set a watchdog timer (+)
   22  *   reset_timer:       reset a watchdog timer (+)
   23  *   read_clock:        read the counter of channel 0 of the 8253A timer
   24  *
   25  * (+) The CLOCK task keeps tracks of watchdog timers for the entire kernel.
   26  * The watchdog functions of expired timers are executed in do_clocktick(). 
   27  * It is crucial that watchdog functions not block, or the CLOCK task may
   28  * be blocked. Do not send() a message when the receiver is not expecting it.
   29  * Instead, notify(), which always returns, should be used. 
   30  */
   31 
   32 #include "kernel.h"
   33 #include "proc.h"
   34 #include <signal.h>
   35 #include <minix/com.h>
   36 
   37 /* Function prototype for PRIVATE functions. */ 
   38 FORWARD _PROTOTYPE( void init_clock, (void) );
   39 FORWARD _PROTOTYPE( int clock_handler, (irq_hook_t *hook) );
   40 FORWARD _PROTOTYPE( int do_clocktick, (message *m_ptr) );
   41 
   42 /* Clock parameters. */
   43 #define COUNTER_FREQ (2*TIMER_FREQ) /* counter frequency using square wave */
   44 #define LATCH_COUNT     0x00    /* cc00xxxx, c = channel, x = any */
   45 #define SQUARE_WAVE     0x36    /* ccaammmb, a = access, m = mode, b = BCD */
   46                                 /*   11x11, 11 = LSB then MSB, x11 = sq wave */
   47 #define TIMER_COUNT ((unsigned) (TIMER_FREQ/HZ)) /* initial value for counter*/
   48 #define TIMER_FREQ  1193182L    /* clock frequency for timer in PC and AT */
   49 
   50 #define CLOCK_ACK_BIT   0x80    /* PS/2 clock interrupt acknowledge bit */
   51 
   52 /* The CLOCK's timers queue. The functions in <timers.h> operate on this. 
   53  * Each system process possesses a single synchronous alarm timer. If other 
   54  * kernel parts want to use additional timers, they must declare their own 
   55  * persistent (static) timer structure, which can be passed to the clock
   56  * via (re)set_timer().
   57  * When a timer expires its watchdog function is run by the CLOCK task. 
   58  */
   59 PRIVATE timer_t *clock_timers;          /* queue of CLOCK timers */
   60 PRIVATE clock_t next_timeout;           /* realtime that next timer expires */
   61 
   62 /* The time is incremented by the interrupt handler on each clock tick. */
   63 PRIVATE clock_t realtime;               /* real time clock */
   64 PRIVATE irq_hook_t clock_hook;          /* interrupt handler hook */
   65 
   66 /*===========================================================================*
   67  *                              clock_task                                   *
   68  *===========================================================================*/
   69 PUBLIC void clock_task()
   70 {
   71 /* Main program of clock task. If the call is not HARD_INT it is an error.
   72  */
   73   message m;                    /* message buffer for both input and output */
   74   int result;                   /* result returned by the handler */
   75 
   76   init_clock();                 /* initialize clock task */
   77 
   78   /* Main loop of the clock task.  Get work, process it. Never reply. */
   79   while (TRUE) {
   80 
   81       /* Go get a message. */
   82       receive(ANY, &m); 
   83 
   84       /* Handle the request. Only clock ticks are expected. */
   85       switch (m.m_type) {
   86       case HARD_INT:
   87           result = do_clocktick(&m);    /* handle clock tick */
   88           break;
   89       default:                          /* illegal request type */
   90           kprintf("CLOCK: illegal request %d from %d.\n", m.m_type,m.m_source);
   91       }
   92   }
   93 }
   94 
   95 /*===========================================================================*
   96  *                              do_clocktick                                 *
   97  *===========================================================================*/
   98 PRIVATE int do_clocktick(m_ptr)
   99 message *m_ptr;                         /* pointer to request message */
  100 {
  101 /* Despite its name, this routine is not called on every clock tick. It
  102  * is called on those clock ticks when a lot of work needs to be done.
  103  */
  104 
  105   /* A process used up a full quantum. The interrupt handler stored this
  106    * process in 'prev_ptr'.  First make sure that the process is not on the 
  107    * scheduling queues.  Then announce the process ready again. Since it has 
  108    * no more time left, it gets a new quantum and is inserted at the right 
  109    * place in the queues.  As a side-effect a new process will be scheduled.
  110    */ 
  111   if (prev_ptr->p_ticks_left <= 0 && priv(prev_ptr)->s_flags & PREEMPTIBLE) {
  112       lock_dequeue(prev_ptr);           /* take it off the queues */
  113       lock_enqueue(prev_ptr);           /* and reinsert it again */ 
  114   }
  115 
  116   /* Check if a clock timer expired and run its watchdog function. */
  117   if (next_timeout <= realtime) { 
  118         tmrs_exptimers(&clock_timers, realtime, NULL);
  119         next_timeout = clock_timers == NULL ? 
  120                 TMR_NEVER : clock_timers->tmr_exp_time;
  121   }
  122 
  123   /* Inhibit sending a reply. */
  124   return(EDONTREPLY);
  125 }
  126 
  127 /*===========================================================================*
  128  *                              init_clock                                   *
  129  *===========================================================================*/
  130 PRIVATE void init_clock()
  131 {
  132   /* Initialize the CLOCK's interrupt hook. */
  133   clock_hook.proc_nr = CLOCK;
  134 
  135   /* Initialize channel 0 of the 8253A timer to, e.g., 60 Hz. */
  136   outb(TIMER_MODE, SQUARE_WAVE);        /* set timer to run continuously */
  137   outb(TIMER0, TIMER_COUNT);            /* load timer low byte */
  138   outb(TIMER0, TIMER_COUNT >> 8);       /* load timer high byte */
  139   put_irq_handler(&clock_hook, CLOCK_IRQ, clock_handler);/* register handler */
  140   enable_irq(&clock_hook);              /* ready for clock interrupts */
  141 }
  142 
  143 /*===========================================================================*
  144  *                              clock_stop                                   *
  145  *===========================================================================*/
  146 PUBLIC void clock_stop()
  147 {
  148 /* Reset the clock to the BIOS rate. (For rebooting) */
  149   outb(TIMER_MODE, 0x36);
  150   outb(TIMER0, 0);
  151   outb(TIMER0, 0);
  152 }
  153 
  154 /*===========================================================================*
  155  *                              clock_handler                                *
  156  *===========================================================================*/
  157 PRIVATE int clock_handler(hook)
  158 irq_hook_t *hook;
  159 {
  160 /* This executes on each clock tick (i.e., every time the timer chip generates 
  161  * an interrupt). It does a little bit of work so the clock task does not have 
  162  * to be called on every tick.  The clock task is called when:
  163  *
  164  *      (1) the scheduling quantum of the running process has expired, or
  165  *      (2) a timer has expired and the watchdog function should be run.
  166  *
  167  * Many global global and static variables are accessed here.  The safety of
  168  * this must be justified. All scheduling and message passing code acquires a 
  169  * lock by temporarily disabling interrupts, so no conflicts with calls from 
  170  * the task level can occur. Furthermore, interrupts are not reentrant, the 
  171  * interrupt handler cannot be bothered by other interrupts.
  172  * 
  173  * Variables that are updated in the clock's interrupt handler:
  174  *      lost_ticks:
  175  *              Clock ticks counted outside the clock task. This for example
  176  *              is used when the boot monitor processes a real mode interrupt.
  177  *      realtime:
  178  *              The current uptime is incremented with all outstanding ticks.
  179  *      proc_ptr, bill_ptr:
  180  *              These are used for accounting.  It does not matter if proc.c
  181  *              is changing them, provided they are always valid pointers,
  182  *              since at worst the previous process would be billed.
  183  */
  184   register unsigned ticks;
  185 
  186   /* Acknowledge the PS/2 clock interrupt. */
  187   if (machine.ps_mca) outb(PORT_B, inb(PORT_B) | CLOCK_ACK_BIT);
  188 
  189   /* Get number of ticks and update realtime. */
  190   ticks = lost_ticks + 1;
  191   lost_ticks = 0;
  192   realtime += ticks;
  193 
  194   /* Update user and system accounting times. Charge the current process for
  195    * user time. If the current process is not billable, that is, if a non-user
  196    * process is running, charge the billable process for system time as well.
  197    * Thus the unbillable process' user time is the billable user's system time.
  198    */
  199   proc_ptr->p_user_time += ticks;
  200   if (priv(proc_ptr)->s_flags & PREEMPTIBLE) {
  201       proc_ptr->p_ticks_left -= ticks;
  202   }
  203   if (! (priv(proc_ptr)->s_flags & BILLABLE)) {
  204       bill_ptr->p_sys_time += ticks;
  205       bill_ptr->p_ticks_left -= ticks;
  206   }
  207 
  208   /* Check if do_clocktick() must be called. Done for alarms and scheduling.
  209    * Some processes, such as the kernel tasks, cannot be preempted. 
  210    */ 
  211   if ((next_timeout <= realtime) || (proc_ptr->p_ticks_left <= 0)) {
  212       prev_ptr = proc_ptr;                      /* store running process */
  213       lock_notify(HARDWARE, CLOCK);             /* send notification */
  214   } 
  215   return(1);                                    /* reenable interrupts */
  216 }
  217 
  218 /*===========================================================================*
  219  *                              get_uptime                                   *
  220  *===========================================================================*/
  221 PUBLIC clock_t get_uptime()
  222 {
  223 /* Get and return the current clock uptime in ticks. */
  224   return(realtime);
  225 }
  226 
  227 /*===========================================================================*
  228  *                              set_timer                                    *
  229  *===========================================================================*/
  230 PUBLIC void set_timer(tp, exp_time, watchdog)
  231 struct timer *tp;               /* pointer to timer structure */
  232 clock_t exp_time;               /* expiration realtime */
  233 tmr_func_t watchdog;            /* watchdog to be called */
  234 {
  235 /* Insert the new timer in the active timers list. Always update the 
  236  * next timeout time by setting it to the front of the active list.
  237  */
  238   tmrs_settimer(&clock_timers, tp, exp_time, watchdog, NULL);
  239   next_timeout = clock_timers->tmr_exp_time;
  240 }
  241 
  242 /*===========================================================================*
  243  *                              reset_timer                                  *
  244  *===========================================================================*/
  245 PUBLIC void reset_timer(tp)
  246 struct timer *tp;               /* pointer to timer structure */
  247 {
  248 /* The timer pointed to by 'tp' is no longer needed. Remove it from both the
  249  * active and expired lists. Always update the next timeout time by setting
  250  * it to the front of the active list.
  251  */
  252   tmrs_clrtimer(&clock_timers, tp, NULL);
  253   next_timeout = (clock_timers == NULL) ? 
  254         TMR_NEVER : clock_timers->tmr_exp_time;
  255 }
  256 
  257 /*===========================================================================*
  258  *                              read_clock                                   *
  259  *===========================================================================*/
  260 PUBLIC unsigned long read_clock()
  261 {
  262 /* Read the counter of channel 0 of the 8253A timer.  This counter counts
  263  * down at a rate of TIMER_FREQ and restarts at TIMER_COUNT-1 when it
  264  * reaches zero. A hardware interrupt (clock tick) occurs when the counter
  265  * gets to zero and restarts its cycle.  
  266  */
  267   unsigned count;
  268 
  269   outb(TIMER_MODE, LATCH_COUNT);
  270   count = inb(TIMER0);
  271   count |= (inb(TIMER0) << 8);
  272   
  273   return count;
  274 }

Cache object: 1ff109c6c1405fa39e0af1882e11a1bf


[ source navigation ] [ diff markup ] [ identifier search ] [ freetext search ] [ file search ] [ list types ] [ track identifier ]


This page is part of the FreeBSD/Linux Linux Kernel Cross-Reference, and was automatically generated using a modified version of the LXR engine.