The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, Second Edition
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FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/netinet/tcp_timer.c

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    1 /*
    2  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1995
    3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
    4  *
    5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
    7  * are met:
    8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
    9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   13  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
   14  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
   15  *    without specific prior written permission.
   16  *
   17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
   18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
   26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
   28  *
   29  *      @(#)tcp_timer.c 8.2 (Berkeley) 5/24/95
   30  * $FreeBSD: releng/5.3/sys/netinet/tcp_timer.c 136588 2004-10-16 08:43:07Z cvs2svn $
   31  */
   32 
   33 #include "opt_inet6.h"
   34 #include "opt_tcpdebug.h"
   35 #include "opt_tcp_sack.h"
   36 
   37 #include <sys/param.h>
   38 #include <sys/kernel.h>
   39 #include <sys/lock.h>
   40 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
   41 #include <sys/mutex.h>
   42 #include <sys/protosw.h>
   43 #include <sys/socket.h>
   44 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
   45 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
   46 #include <sys/systm.h>
   47 
   48 #include <net/route.h>
   49 
   50 #include <netinet/in.h>
   51 #include <netinet/in_pcb.h>
   52 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
   53 #ifdef INET6
   54 #include <netinet6/in6_pcb.h>
   55 #endif
   56 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
   57 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
   58 #include <netinet/tcp_fsm.h>
   59 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
   60 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
   61 #include <netinet/tcpip.h>
   62 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
   63 #include <netinet/tcp_debug.h>
   64 #endif
   65 
   66 static int
   67 sysctl_msec_to_ticks(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
   68 {
   69         int error, s, tt;
   70 
   71         tt = *(int *)oidp->oid_arg1;
   72         s = (int)((int64_t)tt * 1000 / hz);
   73 
   74         error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &s, 0, req);
   75         if (error || !req->newptr)
   76                 return (error);
   77 
   78         tt = (int)((int64_t)s * hz / 1000);
   79         if (tt < 1)
   80                 return (EINVAL);
   81 
   82         *(int *)oidp->oid_arg1 = tt;
   83         return (0);
   84 }
   85 
   86 int     tcp_keepinit;
   87 SYSCTL_PROC(_net_inet_tcp, TCPCTL_KEEPINIT, keepinit, CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_RW,
   88     &tcp_keepinit, 0, sysctl_msec_to_ticks, "I", "");
   89 
   90 int     tcp_keepidle;
   91 SYSCTL_PROC(_net_inet_tcp, TCPCTL_KEEPIDLE, keepidle, CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_RW,
   92     &tcp_keepidle, 0, sysctl_msec_to_ticks, "I", "");
   93 
   94 int     tcp_keepintvl;
   95 SYSCTL_PROC(_net_inet_tcp, TCPCTL_KEEPINTVL, keepintvl, CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_RW,
   96     &tcp_keepintvl, 0, sysctl_msec_to_ticks, "I", "");
   97 
   98 int     tcp_delacktime;
   99 SYSCTL_PROC(_net_inet_tcp, TCPCTL_DELACKTIME, delacktime,
  100     CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_RW, &tcp_delacktime, 0, sysctl_msec_to_ticks, "I",
  101     "Time before a delayed ACK is sent");
  102 
  103 int     tcp_msl;
  104 SYSCTL_PROC(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, msl, CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_RW,
  105     &tcp_msl, 0, sysctl_msec_to_ticks, "I", "Maximum segment lifetime");
  106 
  107 int     tcp_rexmit_min;
  108 SYSCTL_PROC(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, rexmit_min, CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_RW,
  109     &tcp_rexmit_min, 0, sysctl_msec_to_ticks, "I", "Minimum Retransmission Timeout");
  110 
  111 int     tcp_rexmit_slop;
  112 SYSCTL_PROC(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, rexmit_slop, CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_RW,
  113     &tcp_rexmit_slop, 0, sysctl_msec_to_ticks, "I", "Retransmission Timer Slop");
  114 
  115 static int      always_keepalive = 1;
  116 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, always_keepalive, CTLFLAG_RW,
  117     &always_keepalive , 0, "Assume SO_KEEPALIVE on all TCP connections");
  118 
  119 static int      tcp_keepcnt = TCPTV_KEEPCNT;
  120         /* max idle probes */
  121 int     tcp_maxpersistidle;
  122         /* max idle time in persist */
  123 int     tcp_maxidle;
  124 
  125 /*
  126  * Tcp protocol timeout routine called every 500 ms.
  127  * Updates timestamps used for TCP
  128  * causes finite state machine actions if timers expire.
  129  */
  130 void
  131 tcp_slowtimo()
  132 {
  133         int s;
  134 
  135         s = splnet();
  136         tcp_maxidle = tcp_keepcnt * tcp_keepintvl;
  137         splx(s);
  138         INP_INFO_WLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  139         (void) tcp_timer_2msl_tw(0);
  140         INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  141 }
  142 
  143 /*
  144  * Cancel all timers for TCP tp.
  145  */
  146 void
  147 tcp_canceltimers(tp)
  148         struct tcpcb *tp;
  149 {
  150         callout_stop(tp->tt_2msl);
  151         callout_stop(tp->tt_persist);
  152         callout_stop(tp->tt_keep);
  153         callout_stop(tp->tt_rexmt);
  154 }
  155 
  156 int     tcp_syn_backoff[TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT + 1] =
  157     { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 64, 64 };
  158 
  159 int     tcp_backoff[TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT + 1] =
  160     { 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 512, 512, 512 };
  161 
  162 static int tcp_totbackoff = 2559;       /* sum of tcp_backoff[] */
  163 
  164 /*
  165  * TCP timer processing.
  166  */
  167 
  168 void
  169 tcp_timer_delack(xtp)
  170         void *xtp;
  171 {
  172         struct tcpcb *tp = xtp;
  173         int s;
  174         struct inpcb *inp;
  175 
  176         s = splnet();
  177         INP_INFO_RLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  178         inp = tp->t_inpcb;
  179         if (!inp) {
  180                 INP_INFO_RUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  181                 splx(s);
  182                 return;
  183         }
  184         INP_LOCK(inp);
  185         INP_INFO_RUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  186         if (callout_pending(tp->tt_delack) || !callout_active(tp->tt_delack)) {
  187                 INP_UNLOCK(inp);
  188                 splx(s);
  189                 return;
  190         }
  191         callout_deactivate(tp->tt_delack);
  192 
  193         tp->t_flags |= TF_ACKNOW;
  194         tcpstat.tcps_delack++;
  195         (void) tcp_output(tp);
  196         INP_UNLOCK(inp);
  197         splx(s);
  198 }
  199 
  200 void
  201 tcp_timer_2msl(xtp)
  202         void *xtp;
  203 {
  204         struct tcpcb *tp = xtp;
  205         int s;
  206         struct inpcb *inp;
  207 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
  208         int ostate;
  209 
  210         ostate = tp->t_state;
  211 #endif
  212         s = splnet();
  213         INP_INFO_WLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  214         inp = tp->t_inpcb;
  215         if (!inp) {
  216                 INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  217                 splx(s);
  218                 return;
  219         }
  220         INP_LOCK(inp);
  221         tcp_free_sackholes(tp);
  222         if (callout_pending(tp->tt_2msl) || !callout_active(tp->tt_2msl)) {
  223                 INP_UNLOCK(tp->t_inpcb);
  224                 INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  225                 splx(s);
  226                 return;
  227         }
  228         callout_deactivate(tp->tt_2msl);
  229         /*
  230          * 2 MSL timeout in shutdown went off.  If we're closed but
  231          * still waiting for peer to close and connection has been idle
  232          * too long, or if 2MSL time is up from TIME_WAIT, delete connection
  233          * control block.  Otherwise, check again in a bit.
  234          */
  235         if (tp->t_state != TCPS_TIME_WAIT &&
  236             (ticks - tp->t_rcvtime) <= tcp_maxidle)
  237                 callout_reset(tp->tt_2msl, tcp_keepintvl,
  238                               tcp_timer_2msl, tp);
  239         else
  240                 tp = tcp_close(tp);
  241 
  242 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
  243         if (tp && (tp->t_inpcb->inp_socket->so_options & SO_DEBUG))
  244                 tcp_trace(TA_USER, ostate, tp, (void *)0, (struct tcphdr *)0,
  245                           PRU_SLOWTIMO);
  246 #endif
  247         if (tp)
  248                 INP_UNLOCK(inp);
  249         INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  250         splx(s);
  251 }
  252 
  253 struct twlist {
  254         LIST_HEAD(, tcptw)      tw_list;
  255         struct tcptw    tw_tail;
  256 };
  257 #define TWLIST_NLISTS   2
  258 static struct twlist twl_2msl[TWLIST_NLISTS];
  259 static struct twlist *tw_2msl_list[] = { &twl_2msl[0], &twl_2msl[1], NULL };
  260 
  261 void
  262 tcp_timer_init(void)
  263 {
  264         int i;
  265         struct twlist *twl;
  266 
  267         for (i = 0; i < TWLIST_NLISTS; i++) {
  268                 twl = &twl_2msl[i];
  269                 LIST_INIT(&twl->tw_list);
  270                 LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&twl->tw_list, &twl->tw_tail, tw_2msl);
  271         }
  272 }
  273 
  274 void
  275 tcp_timer_2msl_reset(struct tcptw *tw, int timeo)
  276 {
  277         int i;
  278         struct tcptw *tw_tail;
  279 
  280         if (tw->tw_time != 0)
  281                 LIST_REMOVE(tw, tw_2msl);
  282         tw->tw_time = timeo + ticks;
  283         i = timeo > tcp_msl ? 1 : 0;
  284         tw_tail = &twl_2msl[i].tw_tail;
  285         LIST_INSERT_BEFORE(tw_tail, tw, tw_2msl);
  286 }
  287 
  288 void
  289 tcp_timer_2msl_stop(struct tcptw *tw)
  290 {
  291 
  292         if (tw->tw_time != 0)
  293                 LIST_REMOVE(tw, tw_2msl);
  294 }
  295 
  296 struct tcptw *
  297 tcp_timer_2msl_tw(int reuse)
  298 {
  299         struct tcptw *tw, *tw_tail;
  300         struct twlist *twl;
  301         int i;
  302 
  303         for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
  304                 twl = tw_2msl_list[i];
  305                 tw_tail = &twl->tw_tail;
  306                 for (;;) {
  307                         tw = LIST_FIRST(&twl->tw_list);
  308                         if (tw == tw_tail || (!reuse && tw->tw_time > ticks))
  309                                 break;
  310                         INP_LOCK(tw->tw_inpcb);
  311                         if (tcp_twclose(tw, reuse) != NULL)
  312                                 return (tw);
  313                 }
  314         }
  315         return (NULL);
  316 }
  317 
  318 void
  319 tcp_timer_keep(xtp)
  320         void *xtp;
  321 {
  322         struct tcpcb *tp = xtp;
  323         struct tcptemp *t_template;
  324         int s;
  325         struct inpcb *inp;
  326 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
  327         int ostate;
  328 
  329         ostate = tp->t_state;
  330 #endif
  331         s = splnet();
  332         INP_INFO_WLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  333         inp = tp->t_inpcb;
  334         if (!inp) {
  335                 INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  336                 splx(s);
  337                 return;
  338         }
  339         INP_LOCK(inp);
  340         if (callout_pending(tp->tt_keep) || !callout_active(tp->tt_keep)) {
  341                 INP_UNLOCK(inp);
  342                 INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  343                 splx(s);
  344                 return;
  345         }
  346         callout_deactivate(tp->tt_keep);
  347         /*
  348          * Keep-alive timer went off; send something
  349          * or drop connection if idle for too long.
  350          */
  351         tcpstat.tcps_keeptimeo++;
  352         if (tp->t_state < TCPS_ESTABLISHED)
  353                 goto dropit;
  354         if ((always_keepalive || inp->inp_socket->so_options & SO_KEEPALIVE) &&
  355             tp->t_state <= TCPS_CLOSING) {
  356                 if ((ticks - tp->t_rcvtime) >= tcp_keepidle + tcp_maxidle)
  357                         goto dropit;
  358                 /*
  359                  * Send a packet designed to force a response
  360                  * if the peer is up and reachable:
  361                  * either an ACK if the connection is still alive,
  362                  * or an RST if the peer has closed the connection
  363                  * due to timeout or reboot.
  364                  * Using sequence number tp->snd_una-1
  365                  * causes the transmitted zero-length segment
  366                  * to lie outside the receive window;
  367                  * by the protocol spec, this requires the
  368                  * correspondent TCP to respond.
  369                  */
  370                 tcpstat.tcps_keepprobe++;
  371                 t_template = tcpip_maketemplate(inp);
  372                 if (t_template) {
  373                         tcp_respond(tp, t_template->tt_ipgen,
  374                                     &t_template->tt_t, (struct mbuf *)NULL,
  375                                     tp->rcv_nxt, tp->snd_una - 1, 0);
  376                         (void) m_free(dtom(t_template));
  377                 }
  378                 callout_reset(tp->tt_keep, tcp_keepintvl, tcp_timer_keep, tp);
  379         } else
  380                 callout_reset(tp->tt_keep, tcp_keepidle, tcp_timer_keep, tp);
  381 
  382 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
  383         if (inp->inp_socket->so_options & SO_DEBUG)
  384                 tcp_trace(TA_USER, ostate, tp, (void *)0, (struct tcphdr *)0,
  385                           PRU_SLOWTIMO);
  386 #endif
  387         INP_UNLOCK(inp);
  388         INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  389         splx(s);
  390         return;
  391 
  392 dropit:
  393         tcpstat.tcps_keepdrops++;
  394         tp = tcp_drop(tp, ETIMEDOUT);
  395 
  396 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
  397         if (tp && (tp->t_inpcb->inp_socket->so_options & SO_DEBUG))
  398                 tcp_trace(TA_USER, ostate, tp, (void *)0, (struct tcphdr *)0,
  399                           PRU_SLOWTIMO);
  400 #endif
  401         if (tp)
  402                 INP_UNLOCK(tp->t_inpcb);
  403         INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  404         splx(s);
  405 }
  406 
  407 void
  408 tcp_timer_persist(xtp)
  409         void *xtp;
  410 {
  411         struct tcpcb *tp = xtp;
  412         int s;
  413         struct inpcb *inp;
  414 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
  415         int ostate;
  416 
  417         ostate = tp->t_state;
  418 #endif
  419         s = splnet();
  420         INP_INFO_WLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  421         inp = tp->t_inpcb;
  422         if (!inp) {
  423                 INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  424                 splx(s);
  425                 return;
  426         }
  427         INP_LOCK(inp);
  428         if (callout_pending(tp->tt_persist) || !callout_active(tp->tt_persist)){
  429                 INP_UNLOCK(inp);
  430                 INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  431                 splx(s);
  432                 return;
  433         }
  434         callout_deactivate(tp->tt_persist);
  435         /*
  436          * Persistance timer into zero window.
  437          * Force a byte to be output, if possible.
  438          */
  439         tcpstat.tcps_persisttimeo++;
  440         /*
  441          * Hack: if the peer is dead/unreachable, we do not
  442          * time out if the window is closed.  After a full
  443          * backoff, drop the connection if the idle time
  444          * (no responses to probes) reaches the maximum
  445          * backoff that we would use if retransmitting.
  446          */
  447         if (tp->t_rxtshift == TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT &&
  448             ((ticks - tp->t_rcvtime) >= tcp_maxpersistidle ||
  449              (ticks - tp->t_rcvtime) >= TCP_REXMTVAL(tp) * tcp_totbackoff)) {
  450                 tcpstat.tcps_persistdrop++;
  451                 tp = tcp_drop(tp, ETIMEDOUT);
  452                 goto out;
  453         }
  454         tcp_setpersist(tp);
  455         tp->t_force = 1;
  456         (void) tcp_output(tp);
  457         tp->t_force = 0;
  458 
  459 out:
  460 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
  461         if (tp && tp->t_inpcb->inp_socket->so_options & SO_DEBUG)
  462                 tcp_trace(TA_USER, ostate, tp, (void *)0, (struct tcphdr *)0,
  463                           PRU_SLOWTIMO);
  464 #endif
  465         if (tp)
  466                 INP_UNLOCK(inp);
  467         INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  468         splx(s);
  469 }
  470 
  471 void
  472 tcp_timer_rexmt(xtp)
  473         void *xtp;
  474 {
  475         struct tcpcb *tp = xtp;
  476         int s;
  477         int rexmt;
  478         int headlocked;
  479         struct inpcb *inp;
  480 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
  481         int ostate;
  482 
  483         ostate = tp->t_state;
  484 #endif
  485         s = splnet();
  486         INP_INFO_WLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  487         headlocked = 1;
  488         inp = tp->t_inpcb;
  489         if (!inp) {
  490                 INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  491                 splx(s);
  492                 return;
  493         }
  494         INP_LOCK(inp);
  495         if (callout_pending(tp->tt_rexmt) || !callout_active(tp->tt_rexmt)) {
  496                 INP_UNLOCK(inp);
  497                 INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  498                 splx(s);
  499                 return;
  500         }
  501         callout_deactivate(tp->tt_rexmt);
  502         tcp_free_sackholes(tp);
  503         /*
  504          * Retransmission timer went off.  Message has not
  505          * been acked within retransmit interval.  Back off
  506          * to a longer retransmit interval and retransmit one segment.
  507          */
  508         if (++tp->t_rxtshift > TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT) {
  509                 tp->t_rxtshift = TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT;
  510                 tcpstat.tcps_timeoutdrop++;
  511                 tp = tcp_drop(tp, tp->t_softerror ?
  512                               tp->t_softerror : ETIMEDOUT);
  513                 goto out;
  514         }
  515         INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  516         headlocked = 0;
  517         if (tp->t_rxtshift == 1) {
  518                 /*
  519                  * first retransmit; record ssthresh and cwnd so they can
  520                  * be recovered if this turns out to be a "bad" retransmit.
  521                  * A retransmit is considered "bad" if an ACK for this
  522                  * segment is received within RTT/2 interval; the assumption
  523                  * here is that the ACK was already in flight.  See
  524                  * "On Estimating End-to-End Network Path Properties" by
  525                  * Allman and Paxson for more details.
  526                  */
  527                 tp->snd_cwnd_prev = tp->snd_cwnd;
  528                 tp->snd_ssthresh_prev = tp->snd_ssthresh;
  529                 tp->snd_recover_prev = tp->snd_recover;
  530                 if (IN_FASTRECOVERY(tp))
  531                   tp->t_flags |= TF_WASFRECOVERY;
  532                 else
  533                   tp->t_flags &= ~TF_WASFRECOVERY;
  534                 tp->t_badrxtwin = ticks + (tp->t_srtt >> (TCP_RTT_SHIFT + 1));
  535         }
  536         tcpstat.tcps_rexmttimeo++;
  537         if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT)
  538                 rexmt = TCP_REXMTVAL(tp) * tcp_syn_backoff[tp->t_rxtshift];
  539         else
  540                 rexmt = TCP_REXMTVAL(tp) * tcp_backoff[tp->t_rxtshift];
  541         TCPT_RANGESET(tp->t_rxtcur, rexmt,
  542                       tp->t_rttmin, TCPTV_REXMTMAX);
  543         /*
  544          * Disable rfc1323 and rfc1644 if we havn't got any response to
  545          * our third SYN to work-around some broken terminal servers
  546          * (most of which have hopefully been retired) that have bad VJ
  547          * header compression code which trashes TCP segments containing
  548          * unknown-to-them TCP options.
  549          */
  550         if ((tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT) && (tp->t_rxtshift == 3))
  551                 tp->t_flags &= ~(TF_REQ_SCALE|TF_REQ_TSTMP|TF_REQ_CC);
  552         /*
  553          * If we backed off this far, our srtt estimate is probably bogus.
  554          * Clobber it so we'll take the next rtt measurement as our srtt;
  555          * move the current srtt into rttvar to keep the current
  556          * retransmit times until then.
  557          */
  558         if (tp->t_rxtshift > TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT / 4) {
  559 #ifdef INET6
  560                 if ((tp->t_inpcb->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6) != 0)
  561                         in6_losing(tp->t_inpcb);
  562                 else
  563 #endif
  564                 tp->t_rttvar += (tp->t_srtt >> TCP_RTT_SHIFT);
  565                 tp->t_srtt = 0;
  566         }
  567         tp->snd_nxt = tp->snd_una;
  568         tp->snd_recover = tp->snd_max;
  569         /*
  570          * Force a segment to be sent.
  571          */
  572         tp->t_flags |= TF_ACKNOW;
  573         /*
  574          * If timing a segment in this window, stop the timer.
  575          */
  576         tp->t_rtttime = 0;
  577         /*
  578          * Close the congestion window down to one segment
  579          * (we'll open it by one segment for each ack we get).
  580          * Since we probably have a window's worth of unacked
  581          * data accumulated, this "slow start" keeps us from
  582          * dumping all that data as back-to-back packets (which
  583          * might overwhelm an intermediate gateway).
  584          *
  585          * There are two phases to the opening: Initially we
  586          * open by one mss on each ack.  This makes the window
  587          * size increase exponentially with time.  If the
  588          * window is larger than the path can handle, this
  589          * exponential growth results in dropped packet(s)
  590          * almost immediately.  To get more time between
  591          * drops but still "push" the network to take advantage
  592          * of improving conditions, we switch from exponential
  593          * to linear window opening at some threshhold size.
  594          * For a threshhold, we use half the current window
  595          * size, truncated to a multiple of the mss.
  596          *
  597          * (the minimum cwnd that will give us exponential
  598          * growth is 2 mss.  We don't allow the threshhold
  599          * to go below this.)
  600          */
  601         {
  602                 u_int win = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd) / 2 / tp->t_maxseg;
  603                 if (win < 2)
  604                         win = 2;
  605                 tp->snd_cwnd = tp->t_maxseg;
  606                 tp->snd_ssthresh = win * tp->t_maxseg;
  607                 tp->t_dupacks = 0;
  608         }
  609         EXIT_FASTRECOVERY(tp);
  610         (void) tcp_output(tp);
  611 
  612 out:
  613 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
  614         if (tp && (tp->t_inpcb->inp_socket->so_options & SO_DEBUG))
  615                 tcp_trace(TA_USER, ostate, tp, (void *)0, (struct tcphdr *)0,
  616                           PRU_SLOWTIMO);
  617 #endif
  618         if (tp)
  619                 INP_UNLOCK(inp);
  620         if (headlocked)
  621                 INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
  622         splx(s);
  623 }

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