The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, Second Edition
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FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/sys/disklabel.h

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    1 /*
    2  * Copyright (c) 1987, 1988, 1993
    3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
    4  *
    5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
    7  * are met:
    8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
    9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
   14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
   15  *      This product includes software developed by the University of
   16  *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
   17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
   18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
   19  *    without specific prior written permission.
   20  *
   21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
   22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
   30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
   32  *
   33  *      @(#)disklabel.h 8.2 (Berkeley) 7/10/94
   34  * $FreeBSD$
   35  */
   36 
   37 #ifndef _SYS_DISKLABEL_H_
   38 #define _SYS_DISKLABEL_H_
   39 
   40 #ifndef KERNEL
   41 #include <sys/types.h>
   42 #endif
   43 #include <sys/ioccom.h>
   44 
   45 /*
   46  * Disk description table, see disktab(5)
   47  */
   48 #define _PATH_DISKTAB   "/etc/disktab"
   49 #define DISKTAB         "/etc/disktab"          /* deprecated */
   50 
   51 /*
   52  * Each disk has a label which includes information about the hardware
   53  * disk geometry, filesystem partitions, and drive specific information.
   54  * The label is in block 0 or 1, possibly offset from the beginning
   55  * to leave room for a bootstrap, etc.
   56  */
   57 
   58 /* XXX these should be defined per controller (or drive) elsewhere, not here! */
   59 #ifdef __i386__
   60 #define LABELSECTOR     1                       /* sector containing label */
   61 #define LABELOFFSET     0                       /* offset of label in sector */
   62 #endif
   63 
   64 #ifdef __alpha__
   65 #define LABELSECTOR     0
   66 #define LABELOFFSET     64
   67 #endif
   68 
   69 #ifndef LABELSECTOR
   70 #define LABELSECTOR     0                       /* sector containing label */
   71 #endif
   72 
   73 #ifndef LABELOFFSET
   74 #define LABELOFFSET     64                      /* offset of label in sector */
   75 #endif
   76 
   77 #define DISKMAGIC       ((u_int32_t)0x82564557) /* The disk magic number */
   78 #ifndef MAXPARTITIONS
   79 #define MAXPARTITIONS   8
   80 #endif
   81 
   82 #define LABEL_PART      2               /* partition containing label */
   83 #define RAW_PART        2               /* partition containing whole disk */
   84 #define SWAP_PART       1               /* partition normally containing swap */
   85 
   86 #ifndef LOCORE
   87 struct disklabel {
   88         u_int32_t d_magic;              /* the magic number */
   89         u_int16_t d_type;               /* drive type */
   90         u_int16_t d_subtype;            /* controller/d_type specific */
   91         char      d_typename[16];       /* type name, e.g. "eagle" */
   92 
   93         /* 
   94          * d_packname contains the pack identifier and is returned when
   95          * the disklabel is read off the disk or in-core copy.
   96          * d_boot0 and d_boot1 are the (optional) names of the
   97          * primary (block 0) and secondary (block 1-15) bootstraps
   98          * as found in /boot.  These are returned when using
   99          * getdiskbyname(3) to retrieve the values from /etc/disktab.
  100          */
  101         union {
  102                 char    un_d_packname[16];      /* pack identifier */
  103                 struct {
  104                         char *un_d_boot0;       /* primary bootstrap name */
  105                         char *un_d_boot1;       /* secondary bootstrap name */
  106                 } un_b;
  107         } d_un;
  108 #define d_packname      d_un.un_d_packname
  109 #define d_boot0         d_un.un_b.un_d_boot0
  110 #define d_boot1         d_un.un_b.un_d_boot1
  111 
  112                         /* disk geometry: */
  113         u_int32_t d_secsize;            /* # of bytes per sector */
  114         u_int32_t d_nsectors;           /* # of data sectors per track */
  115         u_int32_t d_ntracks;            /* # of tracks per cylinder */
  116         u_int32_t d_ncylinders;         /* # of data cylinders per unit */
  117         u_int32_t d_secpercyl;          /* # of data sectors per cylinder */
  118         u_int32_t d_secperunit;         /* # of data sectors per unit */
  119 
  120         /*
  121          * Spares (bad sector replacements) below are not counted in
  122          * d_nsectors or d_secpercyl.  Spare sectors are assumed to
  123          * be physical sectors which occupy space at the end of each
  124          * track and/or cylinder.
  125          */
  126         u_int16_t d_sparespertrack;     /* # of spare sectors per track */
  127         u_int16_t d_sparespercyl;       /* # of spare sectors per cylinder */
  128         /*
  129          * Alternate cylinders include maintenance, replacement, configuration
  130          * description areas, etc.
  131          */
  132         u_int32_t d_acylinders;         /* # of alt. cylinders per unit */
  133 
  134                         /* hardware characteristics: */
  135         /*
  136          * d_interleave, d_trackskew and d_cylskew describe perturbations
  137          * in the media format used to compensate for a slow controller.
  138          * Interleave is physical sector interleave, set up by the
  139          * formatter or controller when formatting.  When interleaving is
  140          * in use, logically adjacent sectors are not physically
  141          * contiguous, but instead are separated by some number of
  142          * sectors.  It is specified as the ratio of physical sectors
  143          * traversed per logical sector.  Thus an interleave of 1:1
  144          * implies contiguous layout, while 2:1 implies that logical
  145          * sector 0 is separated by one sector from logical sector 1.
  146          * d_trackskew is the offset of sector 0 on track N relative to
  147          * sector 0 on track N-1 on the same cylinder.  Finally, d_cylskew
  148          * is the offset of sector 0 on cylinder N relative to sector 0
  149          * on cylinder N-1.
  150          */
  151         u_int16_t d_rpm;                /* rotational speed */
  152         u_int16_t d_interleave;         /* hardware sector interleave */
  153         u_int16_t d_trackskew;          /* sector 0 skew, per track */
  154         u_int16_t d_cylskew;            /* sector 0 skew, per cylinder */
  155         u_int32_t d_headswitch;         /* head switch time, usec */
  156         u_int32_t d_trkseek;            /* track-to-track seek, usec */
  157         u_int32_t d_flags;              /* generic flags */
  158 #define NDDATA 5
  159         u_int32_t d_drivedata[NDDATA];  /* drive-type specific information */
  160 #define NSPARE 5
  161         u_int32_t d_spare[NSPARE];      /* reserved for future use */
  162         u_int32_t d_magic2;             /* the magic number (again) */
  163         u_int16_t d_checksum;           /* xor of data incl. partitions */
  164 
  165                         /* filesystem and partition information: */
  166         u_int16_t d_npartitions;        /* number of partitions in following */
  167         u_int32_t d_bbsize;             /* size of boot area at sn0, bytes */
  168         u_int32_t d_sbsize;             /* max size of fs superblock, bytes */
  169         struct  partition {             /* the partition table */
  170                 u_int32_t p_size;       /* number of sectors in partition */
  171                 u_int32_t p_offset;     /* starting sector */
  172                 u_int32_t p_fsize;      /* filesystem basic fragment size */
  173                 u_int8_t p_fstype;      /* filesystem type, see below */
  174                 u_int8_t p_frag;        /* filesystem fragments per block */
  175                 union {
  176                         u_int16_t cpg;  /* UFS: FS cylinders per group */
  177                         u_int16_t sgs;  /* LFS: FS segment shift */
  178                 } __partition_u1;
  179 #define p_cpg   __partition_u1.cpg
  180 #define p_sgs   __partition_u1.sgs
  181         } d_partitions[MAXPARTITIONS];  /* actually may be more */
  182 };
  183 #else /* LOCORE */
  184         /*
  185          * offsets for asm boot files.
  186          */
  187         .set    d_secsize,40
  188         .set    d_nsectors,44
  189         .set    d_ntracks,48
  190         .set    d_ncylinders,52
  191         .set    d_secpercyl,56
  192         .set    d_secperunit,60
  193         .set    d_end_,276              /* size of disk label */
  194 #endif /* LOCORE */
  195 
  196 /* d_type values: */
  197 #define DTYPE_SMD               1               /* SMD, XSMD; VAX hp/up */
  198 #define DTYPE_MSCP              2               /* MSCP */
  199 #define DTYPE_DEC               3               /* other DEC (rk, rl) */
  200 #define DTYPE_SCSI              4               /* SCSI */
  201 #define DTYPE_ESDI              5               /* ESDI interface */
  202 #define DTYPE_ST506             6               /* ST506 etc. */
  203 #define DTYPE_HPIB              7               /* CS/80 on HP-IB */
  204 #define DTYPE_HPFL              8               /* HP Fiber-link */
  205 #define DTYPE_FLOPPY            10              /* floppy */
  206 #define DTYPE_CCD               11              /* concatenated disk */
  207 #define DTYPE_VINUM             12              /* vinum volume */
  208 #define DTYPE_DOC2K             13              /* M systems Disk on Chip */
  209 
  210 #ifdef PC98
  211 #define DSTYPE_SEC256           0x80            /* physical sector size=256*/
  212 #endif
  213 
  214 #ifdef DKTYPENAMES
  215 static char *dktypenames[] = {
  216         "unknown",
  217         "SMD",
  218         "MSCP",
  219         "old DEC",
  220         "SCSI",
  221         "ESDI",
  222         "ST506",
  223         "HP-IB",
  224         "HP-FL",
  225         "type 9",
  226         "floppy",
  227         "CCD",
  228         "Vinum",
  229         "DOC2K",
  230         NULL
  231 };
  232 #define DKMAXTYPES      (sizeof(dktypenames) / sizeof(dktypenames[0]) - 1)
  233 #endif
  234 
  235 /*
  236  * Filesystem type and version.
  237  * Used to interpret other filesystem-specific
  238  * per-partition information.
  239  */
  240 #define FS_UNUSED       0               /* unused */
  241 #define FS_SWAP         1               /* swap */
  242 #define FS_V6           2               /* Sixth Edition */
  243 #define FS_V7           3               /* Seventh Edition */
  244 #define FS_SYSV         4               /* System V */
  245 #define FS_V71K         5               /* V7 with 1K blocks (4.1, 2.9) */
  246 #define FS_V8           6               /* Eighth Edition, 4K blocks */
  247 #define FS_BSDFFS       7               /* 4.2BSD fast file system */
  248 #define FS_MSDOS        8               /* MSDOS file system */
  249 #define FS_BSDLFS       9               /* 4.4BSD log-structured file system */
  250 #define FS_OTHER        10              /* in use, but unknown/unsupported */
  251 #define FS_HPFS         11              /* OS/2 high-performance file system */
  252 #define FS_ISO9660      12              /* ISO 9660, normally CD-ROM */
  253 #define FS_BOOT         13              /* partition contains bootstrap */
  254 #define FS_VINUM        14              /* Vinum drive */
  255 #ifdef  DKTYPENAMES
  256 static char *fstypenames[] = {
  257         "unused",
  258         "swap",
  259         "Version 6",
  260         "Version 7",
  261         "System V",
  262         "4.1BSD",
  263         "Eighth Edition",
  264         "4.2BSD",
  265         "MSDOS",
  266         "4.4LFS",
  267         "unknown",
  268         "HPFS",
  269         "ISO9660",
  270         "boot",
  271         "vinum",
  272         NULL
  273 };
  274 #define FSMAXTYPES      (sizeof(fstypenames) / sizeof(fstypenames[0]) - 1)
  275 #endif
  276 
  277 /*
  278  * flags shared by various drives:
  279  */
  280 #define         D_REMOVABLE     0x01            /* removable media */
  281 #define         D_ECC           0x02            /* supports ECC */
  282 #define         D_BADSECT       0x04            /* supports bad sector forw. */
  283 #define         D_RAMDISK       0x08            /* disk emulator */
  284 #define         D_CHAIN         0x10            /* can do back-back transfers */
  285 
  286 /*
  287  * Drive data for SMD.
  288  */
  289 #define d_smdflags      d_drivedata[0]
  290 #define         D_SSE           0x1             /* supports skip sectoring */
  291 #define d_mindist       d_drivedata[1]
  292 #define d_maxdist       d_drivedata[2]
  293 #define d_sdist         d_drivedata[3]
  294 
  295 /*
  296  * Drive data for ST506.
  297  */
  298 #define d_precompcyl    d_drivedata[0]
  299 #define d_gap3          d_drivedata[1]          /* used only when formatting */
  300 
  301 /*
  302  * Drive data for SCSI.
  303  */
  304 #define d_blind         d_drivedata[0]
  305 
  306 #ifndef LOCORE
  307 /*
  308  * Structure used to perform a format or other raw operation, returning
  309  * data and/or register values.  Register identification and format
  310  * are device- and driver-dependent.
  311  */
  312 struct format_op {
  313         char    *df_buf;
  314         int     df_count;               /* value-result */
  315         daddr_t df_startblk;
  316         int     df_reg[8];              /* result */
  317 };
  318 
  319 /*
  320  * Structure used internally to retrieve information about a partition
  321  * on a disk.
  322  */
  323 struct partinfo {
  324         struct disklabel *disklab;
  325         struct partition *part;
  326 };
  327 
  328 /* DOS partition table -- located in boot block */
  329 
  330 #ifdef PC98
  331 #define DOSBBSECTOR     0       /* DOS boot block relative sector number */
  332 #define DOSLABELSECTOR  1       /* 0: 256b/s, 1: 512b/s */
  333 #define DOSPARTOFF      0
  334 #define NDOSPART        16
  335 #define DOSPTYP_386BSD  0x94    /* 386BSD partition type */
  336 #define MBR_PTYPE_FreeBSD 0x94  /* FreeBSD partition type */
  337 
  338 struct dos_partition {
  339         unsigned char   dp_mid;
  340 #define DOSMID_386BSD           (0x14|0x80) /* 386bsd|bootable */
  341         unsigned char   dp_sid;
  342 #define DOSSID_386BSD           (0x44|0x80) /* 386bsd|active */ 
  343         unsigned char   dp_dum1;
  344         unsigned char   dp_dum2;
  345         unsigned char   dp_ipl_sct;
  346         unsigned char   dp_ipl_head;
  347         unsigned short  dp_ipl_cyl;
  348         unsigned char   dp_ssect;       /* starting sector */
  349         unsigned char   dp_shd;         /* starting head */
  350         unsigned short  dp_scyl;        /* starting cylinder */
  351         unsigned char   dp_esect;       /* end sector */
  352         unsigned char   dp_ehd;         /* end head */
  353         unsigned short  dp_ecyl;        /* end cylinder */
  354         unsigned char   dp_name[16];
  355 };
  356 
  357 #else /* IBMPC */
  358 #define DOSBBSECTOR     0       /* DOS boot block relative sector number */
  359 #define DOSPARTOFF      446
  360 #define NDOSPART        4
  361 #define DOSPTYP_386BSD  0xa5    /* 386BSD partition type */
  362 
  363 struct dos_partition {
  364         unsigned char   dp_flag;        /* bootstrap flags */
  365         unsigned char   dp_shd;         /* starting head */
  366         unsigned char   dp_ssect;       /* starting sector */
  367         unsigned char   dp_scyl;        /* starting cylinder */
  368         unsigned char   dp_typ;         /* partition type */
  369         unsigned char   dp_ehd;         /* end head */
  370         unsigned char   dp_esect;       /* end sector */
  371         unsigned char   dp_ecyl;        /* end cylinder */
  372         u_int32_t       dp_start;       /* absolute starting sector number */
  373         u_int32_t       dp_size;        /* partition size in sectors */
  374 };
  375 #endif
  376 
  377 #define DPSECT(s) ((s) & 0x3f)          /* isolate relevant bits of sector */
  378 #define DPCYL(c, s) ((c) + (((s) & 0xc0)<<2)) /* and those that are cylinder */
  379 
  380 /*
  381  * Disk-specific ioctls.
  382  */
  383                 /* get and set disklabel; DIOCGPART used internally */
  384 #define DIOCGDINFO      _IOR('d', 101, struct disklabel)/* get */
  385 #define DIOCSDINFO      _IOW('d', 102, struct disklabel)/* set */
  386 #define DIOCWDINFO      _IOW('d', 103, struct disklabel)/* set, update disk */
  387 #define DIOCGPART       _IOW('d', 104, struct partinfo) /* get partition */
  388 
  389 /* do format operation, read or write */
  390 #define DIOCRFORMAT     _IOWR('d', 105, struct format_op)
  391 #define DIOCWFORMAT     _IOWR('d', 106, struct format_op)
  392 
  393 #define DIOCSSTEP       _IOW('d', 107, int)     /* set step rate */
  394 #define DIOCSRETRIES    _IOW('d', 108, int)     /* set # of retries */
  395 #define DIOCWLABEL      _IOW('d', 109, int)     /* write en/disable label */
  396 
  397 #define DIOCSBAD        _IOW('d', 110, struct dkbad)    /* set kernel dkbad */
  398 #define DIOCSBADSCAN    _IOW('d', 111, int)     /* set badscan mode */
  399 
  400 /*
  401  * XXX encoding of disk minor numbers, should be elsewhere.
  402  *
  403  * See <sys/reboot.h> for a possibly better encoding.
  404  *
  405  * "cpio -H newc" can be used to back up device files with large minor
  406  * numbers (but not ones >= 2^31).  Old cpio formats and all tar formats
  407  * don't have enough bits, and cpio and tar don't notice the lossage.
  408  * There are also some sign extension bugs.
  409  */
  410 
  411 /*
  412        3                   2                   1                   0
  413      1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
  414     _________________________________________________________________
  415     | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
  416     -----------------------------------------------------------------
  417     |    TYPE     |UNIT_2 | SLICE   |  MAJOR?       |  UNIT   |PART |
  418     -----------------------------------------------------------------
  419 */
  420 #define dkmakeminor(unit, slice, part) \
  421                                 (((slice) << 16) | (((unit) & 0x1e0) << 16) | \
  422                                 (((unit) & 0x1f) << 3) | (part))
  423 #define dkmodpart(dev, part)    (((dev) & ~(dev_t)7) | (part))
  424 #define dkmodslice(dev, slice)  (((dev) & ~(dev_t)0x1f0000) | ((slice) << 16))
  425 #define dkpart(dev)             (minor(dev) & 7)
  426 #define dkslice(dev)            ((minor(dev) >> 16) & 0x1f)
  427 #define dktype(dev)             ((minor(dev) >> 25) & 0x7f)
  428 #define dkunit(dev)             ((((dev) >> 16) & 0x1e0) | (((dev) >> 3) & 0x1f))
  429 
  430 #ifdef KERNEL
  431 
  432 struct  buf;
  433 struct  buf_queue_head;
  434 
  435 int     bounds_check_with_label __P((struct buf *bp, struct disklabel *lp,
  436                                      int wlabel));
  437 void    diskerr __P((struct buf *bp, char *dname, char *what, int pri,
  438                      int blkdone, struct disklabel *lp));
  439 void    disksort __P((struct buf *ap, struct buf *bp));
  440 u_int   dkcksum __P((struct disklabel *lp));
  441 char    *readdisklabel __P((dev_t dev, void (*strat)(struct buf *bp),
  442                             struct disklabel *lp));
  443 void    bufqdisksort __P((struct buf_queue_head *ap, struct buf *bp));
  444 int     setdisklabel __P((struct disklabel *olp, struct disklabel *nlp,
  445                           u_long openmask));
  446 int     writedisklabel __P((dev_t dev, void (*strat)(struct buf *bp),
  447                             struct disklabel *lp));
  448 
  449 #endif /* KERNEL */
  450 
  451 #endif /* LOCORE */
  452 
  453 #ifndef KERNEL
  454 __BEGIN_DECLS
  455 struct disklabel *getdiskbyname __P((const char *));
  456 __END_DECLS
  457 #endif
  458 
  459 #endif /* !_SYS_DISKLABEL_H_ */

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