The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, Second Edition
Now available: The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System (Second Edition)


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FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/sys/param.h

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    1 /*-
    2  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1993
    3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
    4  * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
    5  * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
    6  * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
    7  * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
    8  * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
    9  *
   10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   12  * are met:
   13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   18  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
   19  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
   20  *      This product includes software developed by the University of
   21  *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
   22  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
   23  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
   24  *    without specific prior written permission.
   25  *
   26  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
   27  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   28  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   29  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   30  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   31  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   32  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   33  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   34  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
   35  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   36  * SUCH DAMAGE.
   37  *
   38  *      @(#)param.h     8.3 (Berkeley) 4/4/95
   39  * $FreeBSD: src/sys/sys/param.h,v 1.61.2.38 2003/05/22 17:12:01 fjoe Exp $
   40  */
   41 
   42 #ifndef _SYS_PARAM_H_
   43 #define _SYS_PARAM_H_
   44 
   45 #define BSD     200708          /* XXX kern.osrevision */
   46 #define BSD4_3  1               /* XXX obsolete */
   47 #define BSD4_4  1               /* XXX obsolete */
   48 
   49 /*
   50  * __DragonFly_version number.  The number doesn't really meaningfully
   51  * translate to a version number.
   52  *
   53  * 170000 - base development version after 1.6 branch
   54  * 170001 - base development version before 1.8 branch
   55  * 190000 - base development version after 1.8 branch
   56  * 195000 - base development version after 1.10 branch
   57  * 197500 - base development version before 1.12 branch
   58  * 197600 - 1.12 branch
   59  * 197700 - base development version after 1.12 branch
   60  * 199900 - base development version before 2.0 branch
   61  * 200000 - 2.0 branch
   62  * 200100 - base development version after 2.0 branch
   63  * 200101 - lchflags syscall
   64  * 200200 - 2.2 branch
   65  * 200201 - base development version after 2.2 branch
   66  * 200202 - major changes to libc
   67  * 200203 - introduce PCI domain
   68  * 200204 - suser() & suser_cred() removal
   69  * 200205 - devfs import
   70  * 200206 - *sleep() renames
   71  * 200400 - 2.4 release
   72  * 200500 - 2.5 master
   73  * 200600 - 2.6 release
   74  * 200700 - 2.7 master
   75  * 200800 - 2.8 release                 October 2010
   76  * 200900 - 2.9 master
   77  * 200901 - prototype changes for alphasort(3) and scandir(3)
   78  * 200902 - Xerox NS protocol removal
   79  * 201000 - 2.10 release
   80  * 201100 - 2.11 master
   81  * 201200 - 2.12 release
   82  * 201300 - 2.13 master
   83  * 201301 - header rename: <vfs/gnu/ext2fs/...> -> <gnu/vfs/ext2fs/...>
   84  * 201302 - header <crypt.h> is gone
   85  * 201303 - <netatalk/...> and <netproto/atalk/...> are gone
   86  * 201304 - Added wcscasecmp, wcsncasecmp to libc
   87  * 201305 - Sync libm with NetBSD-current libm (new functions added)
   88  * 201306 - Sync libm with FreeBSD-current libm (~50 new functions)
   89  * 300000 - 3.0 release
   90  * 300100 - 3.1 master
   91  * 300101 - i4b (ISDN) removal
   92  * 300102 - <sys/ata.h> is now just a link of <sys/nata.h>
   93  * 300103 - if SIG_IGN is set on SIGCHLD, do not keep zombie children
   94  * 300200 - 3.2 release
   95  * 300300 - 3.3 master
   96  * 300301 - Add eaccess syscall
   97  * 300302 - fpsave changes - ucontext_t, mcontext_t, sigcontext, sigframe
   98  * 300303 - Demarcation of old m4/flex with new m4/flex
   99  * 300304 - Update to dialog-1.2-20121230
  100  * 300400 - 3.4 release
  101  * 300500 - 3.5 master
  102  * 300501 - Convert libm to FreeBSD's version
  103  * 300502 - GEM and i915 KMS support in kernel
  104  * 300503 - Upgrade libiconv, locales, and associated libc functions
  105  * 300600 - 3.6 release
  106  * 300700 - 3.7 master
  107  */
  108 #undef __DragonFly_version
  109 #define __DragonFly_version 300700      /* propagated to newvers */
  110 
  111 #include <sys/_null.h>
  112 
  113 #ifndef LOCORE
  114 #include <sys/types.h>
  115 #endif
  116 
  117 /*
  118  * Machine-independent constants (some used in following include files).
  119  * Redefined constants are from POSIX 1003.1 limits file.
  120  *
  121  * MAXCOMLEN should be >= sizeof(ac_comm) (see <acct.h>)
  122  * MAXLOGNAME should be == UT_NAMESIZE+1 (see <utmp.h>)
  123  */
  124 #include <sys/syslimits.h>
  125 
  126 #define MAXCOMLEN       16              /* max command name remembered */
  127 #define MAXINTERP       32              /* max interpreter file name length */
  128 #define MAXLOGNAME      17              /* max login name length (incl. NUL) */
  129 #define MAXUPRC         CHILD_MAX       /* max simultaneous processes */
  130 #define NCARGS          ARG_MAX         /* max bytes for an exec function */
  131 #define NGROUPS         NGROUPS_MAX     /* max number groups */
  132 #define NOFILE          OPEN_MAX        /* max open files per process */
  133 #define NOGROUP         65535           /* marker for empty group set member */
  134 #define MAXHOSTNAMELEN  256             /* max hostname size */
  135 
  136 /* More types and definitions used throughout the kernel. */
  137 #ifdef _KERNEL
  138 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
  139 #include <sys/errno.h>
  140 #include <sys/time.h>
  141 
  142 #define FALSE   0
  143 #define TRUE    1
  144 #endif
  145 
  146 #ifndef _KERNEL
  147 /* Signals. */
  148 #include <sys/select.h>
  149 #include <sys/signal.h>
  150 #endif
  151 
  152 /* Machine type dependent parameters. */
  153 #include <machine/param.h>
  154 #ifndef _KERNEL
  155 #include <machine/limits.h>
  156 #endif
  157 
  158 #define PCATCH          0x00000100      /* tsleep checks signals */
  159 #define PUSRFLAG1       0x00000200      /* Subsystem specific flag */
  160 #define PINTERLOCKED    0x00000400      /* Interlocked tsleep */
  161 #define PWAKEUP_CPUMASK 0x00003FFF      /* start cpu for chained wakeups */
  162 #define PWAKEUP_MYCPU   0x00004000      /* wakeup on current cpu only */
  163 #define PWAKEUP_ONE     0x00008000      /* argument to wakeup: only one */
  164 #define PDOMAIN_MASK    0xFFFF0000      /* address domains for wakeup */
  165 #define PDOMAIN_UMTX    0x00010000      /* independant domain for UMTX */
  166 #define PDOMAIN_XLOCK   0x00020000      /* independant domain for fifo_lock */
  167 #define PWAKEUP_ENCODE(domain, cpu)     ((domain) | (cpu))
  168 #define PWAKEUP_DECODE(domain)          ((domain) & PWAKEUP_CPUMASK)
  169 
  170 #define NZERO   0               /* default "nice" */
  171 
  172 #define NBPW    sizeof(int)     /* number of bytes per word (integer) */
  173 
  174 #define CMASK   022             /* default file mask: S_IWGRP|S_IWOTH */
  175 #if defined(_KERNEL) || defined(_KERNEL_STRUCTURES)
  176 #define NOUDEV  (udev_t)(-1)    /* non-existent device */
  177 #define NOMAJ   256             /* non-existent device */
  178 #endif
  179 
  180 #ifndef _KERNEL
  181 #define NODEV   (dev_t)(-1)     /* non-existent device */
  182 #endif
  183 
  184 /*
  185  * cpu_mi_feature bits
  186  */
  187 #define CPU_MI_BZERONT  0x00000001
  188 #define CPU_MI_MONITOR  0x00000010
  189 
  190 /*
  191  * File system parameters and macros.
  192  *
  193  * MAXBSIZE -   Filesystems are made out of blocks of at most MAXBSIZE bytes
  194  *              per block.  MAXBSIZE may be made larger without effecting
  195  *              any existing filesystems as long as it does not exceed MAXPHYS,
  196  *              and may be made smaller at the risk of not being able to use
  197  *              filesystems which require a block size exceeding MAXBSIZE.
  198  *
  199  * BKVASIZE -   Nominal buffer space per buffer, in bytes.  BKVASIZE is the
  200  *              minimum KVM memory reservation the kernel is willing to make.
  201  *              Filesystems can of course request smaller chunks.  Actual 
  202  *              backing memory uses a chunk size of a page (PAGE_SIZE).
  203  *
  204  *              If you make BKVASIZE too small you risk seriously fragmenting
  205  *              the buffer KVM map which may slow things down a bit.  If you
  206  *              make it too big the kernel will not be able to optimally use 
  207  *              the KVM memory reserved for the buffer cache and will wind 
  208  *              up with too-few buffers.
  209  *
  210  *              By default we now use maximally-sized reservations.  But on
  211  *              32-bit machines we reduce this 16KB.  Maximally-sized
  212  *              reservations greatly reduces defragmentation and buffer_map
  213  *              messing around and is more SMP-friendly.
  214  */
  215 #define MAXBSIZE        65536           /* must be power of 2 */
  216 #ifndef BKVASIZE
  217 #define BKVASIZE        MAXBSIZE        /* must be power of 2 */
  218 #endif
  219 
  220 #define BKVAMASK        (BKVASIZE-1)
  221 #define MAXFRAG         8
  222 
  223 /*
  224  * MAXPATHLEN defines the longest permissible path length after expanding
  225  * symbolic links. It is used to allocate a temporary buffer from the buffer
  226  * pool in which to do the name expansion, hence should be a power of two,
  227  * and must be less than or equal to MAXBSIZE.  MAXSYMLINKS defines the
  228  * maximum number of symbolic links that may be expanded in a path name.
  229  * It should be set high enough to allow all legitimate uses, but halt
  230  * infinite loops reasonably quickly.
  231  */
  232 #define MAXPATHLEN      PATH_MAX
  233 #define MAXSYMLINKS     32
  234 
  235 /* Bit map related macros. */
  236 #define setbit(a,i)     ((a)[(i)/NBBY] |= 1<<((i)%NBBY))
  237 #define clrbit(a,i)     ((a)[(i)/NBBY] &= ~(1<<((i)%NBBY)))
  238 #define isset(a,i)      ((a)[(i)/NBBY] & (1<<((i)%NBBY)))
  239 #define isclr(a,i)      (((a)[(i)/NBBY] & (1<<((i)%NBBY))) == 0)
  240 
  241 /* Macros for counting and rounding. */
  242 #ifndef howmany
  243 #define howmany(x, y)   (((x)+((y)-1))/(y))
  244 #endif
  245 #define rounddown(x, y) (((x)/(y))*(y))
  246 #define rounddown2(x, y) ((x) & ~((y) - 1))        /* y power of two */
  247 #define roundup(x, y)   ((((x)+((y)-1))/(y))*(y))  /* to any y */
  248 #define roundup2(x, y)  (((x)+((y)-1))&(~((y)-1))) /* if y is powers of two */
  249 #define powerof2(x)     ((((x)-1)&(x))==0)
  250 
  251 /*
  252  * VM objects can be larger than the virtual address space, make sure
  253  * we don't cut-off the mask.
  254  */
  255 #define trunc_page64(x)           ((x) & ~(int64_t)PAGE_MASK)
  256 #define round_page64(x)           (((x) + PAGE_MASK) & ~(int64_t)PAGE_MASK)
  257 
  258 /* Macros for min/max. */
  259 #define MIN(a,b) (((a)<(b))?(a):(b))
  260 #define MAX(a,b) (((a)>(b))?(a):(b))
  261 
  262 /* Macro for array size */
  263 #define NELEM(ary)      (sizeof(ary) / sizeof((ary)[0]))
  264 
  265 /*
  266  * Constants for setting the parameters of the kernel memory allocator.
  267  *
  268  * 2 ** MINBUCKET is the smallest unit of memory that will be
  269  * allocated. It must be at least large enough to hold a pointer.
  270  *
  271  * Units of memory less or equal to MAXALLOCSAVE will permanently
  272  * allocate physical memory; requests for these size pieces of
  273  * memory are quite fast. Allocations greater than MAXALLOCSAVE must
  274  * always allocate and free physical memory; requests for these
  275  * size allocations should be done infrequently as they will be slow.
  276  *
  277  * Constraints: PAGE_SIZE <= MAXALLOCSAVE <= 2 ** (MINBUCKET + 14), and
  278  * MAXALLOCSIZE must be a power of two.
  279  */
  280 #define MINBUCKET       4               /* 4 => min allocation of 16 bytes */
  281 #define MAXALLOCSAVE    (2 * PAGE_SIZE)
  282 
  283 /*
  284  * Scale factor for scaled integers used to count %cpu time and load avgs.
  285  *
  286  * The number of CPU `tick's that map to a unique `%age' can be expressed
  287  * by the formula (1 / (2 ^ (FSHIFT - 11))).  The maximum load average that
  288  * can be calculated (assuming 32 bits) can be closely approximated using
  289  * the formula (2 ^ (2 * (16 - FSHIFT))) for (FSHIFT < 15).
  290  *
  291  * For the scheduler to maintain a 1:1 mapping of CPU `tick' to `%age',
  292  * FSHIFT must be at least 11; this gives us a maximum load avg of ~1024.
  293  */
  294 #define FSHIFT  11              /* bits to right of fixed binary point */
  295 #define FSCALE  (1<<FSHIFT)
  296 
  297 #define dbtoc(db)                       /* calculates devblks to pages */ \
  298         ((db + (ctodb(1) - 1)) >> (PAGE_SHIFT - DEV_BSHIFT))
  299  
  300 #define ctodb(db)                       /* calculates pages to devblks */ \
  301         ((db) << (PAGE_SHIFT - DEV_BSHIFT))
  302 
  303 #define MJUMPAGESIZE    PAGE_SIZE       /* jumbo cluster 4k */
  304 #define MJUM9BYTES      (9 * 1024)      /* jumbo cluster 9k */
  305 #define MJUM16BYTES     (16 * 1024)     /* jumbo cluster 16k */
  306 
  307 /*
  308  * MBUF Management.
  309  *
  310  * Because many drivers can't deal with multiple DMA segments all mbufs
  311  * must avoid crossing a page boundary.  While we can accomodate mbufs
  312  * which are not a power-of-2 sized kmalloc() will only guarantee
  313  * non-crossing alignment if we use a power-of-2.  256 is no longer large
  314  * enough due to m_hdr and m_pkthdr bloat.
  315  *
  316  * MCLBYTES must be a power of 2 and is typically significantly larger
  317  * than MSIZE, sufficient to hold a standard-mtu packet.  2K is considered
  318  * reasonable.
  319  */
  320 #ifndef MSIZE
  321 #define MSIZE           512             /* size of an mbuf */
  322 #endif
  323 
  324 #ifndef MCLSHIFT
  325 #define MCLSHIFT        11              /* convert bytes to m_buf clusters */
  326 #endif
  327 #define MCLBYTES        (1 << MCLSHIFT) /* size of an m_buf cluster */
  328 #define MCLOFSET        (MCLBYTES - 1)  /* offset within an m_buf cluster */
  329 
  330 /*
  331  * Make this available for most of the kernel.  There were too many
  332  * things that included sys/systm.h just for panic().
  333  */
  334 #ifdef _KERNEL
  335 void    panic (const char *, ...) __dead2 __printflike(1, 2);
  336 #endif
  337 
  338 #ifndef htonl
  339 #define htonl(x)        __htonl(x)
  340 #endif
  341 #ifndef htons
  342 #define htons(x)        __htons(x)
  343 #endif
  344 #ifndef ntohl
  345 #define ntohl(x)        __ntohl(x)
  346 #endif
  347 #ifndef ntohs
  348 #define ntohs(x)        __ntohs(x)
  349 #endif
  350 
  351 /*
  352  * Access a variable length array that has been declared as a fixed
  353  * length array.
  354  */
  355 #define __PAST_END(array, offset) (((__typeof__(*(array)) *)(array))[offset])
  356 
  357 #endif  /* _SYS_PARAM_H_ */

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