FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/sys/soundcard.h

     /*
      * soundcard.h
      *
      * Copyright by Hannu Savolainen 1993
      * Modified for the new FreeBSD sound driver by Luigi Rizzo, 1997
      *
      * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
      * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
      * are met:
     * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
     *    copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
     *    disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
     *    with the distribution.
     *
     * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS''
     * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
     * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
     * PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR
     * OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
     * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
     * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
     * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
     * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
     * ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
     * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     *
     * $FreeBSD: releng/5.0/sys/sys/soundcard.h 92719 2002-03-19 20:18:42Z alfred $
     */
    
    #ifndef _SYS_SOUNDCARD_H_
    #define _SYS_SOUNDCARD_H_
     /*
      * If you make modifications to this file, please contact me before
      * distributing the modified version. There is already enough
      * diversity in the world.
      *
      * Regards,
      * Hannu Savolainen
      * hannu@voxware.pp.fi
      *
      **********************************************************************
      * PS. The Hacker's Guide to VoxWare available from
      *     nic.funet.fi:pub/Linux/ALPHA/sound. The file is
      *     snd-sdk-doc-0.1.ps.gz (gzipped postscript). It contains
      *     some useful information about programming with VoxWare.
      *     (NOTE! The pub/Linux/ALPHA/ directories are hidden. You have
      *     to cd inside them before the files are accessible.)
      **********************************************************************
      */
    
    /*
     * SOUND_VERSION is only used by the voxware driver. Hopefully apps
     * should not depend on it, but rather look at the capabilities
     * of the driver in the kernel!
     */
    #define SOUND_VERSION  301
    #define VOXWARE         /* does this have any use ? */
    
    /*
     * Supported card ID numbers (Should be somewhere else? We keep
     * them here just for compativility with the old driver, but these
     * constants are of little or no use).
     */
    
    #define SNDCARD_ADLIB          1
    #define SNDCARD_SB             2
    #define SNDCARD_PAS            3
    #define SNDCARD_GUS            4
    #define SNDCARD_MPU401         5
    #define SNDCARD_SB16           6
    #define SNDCARD_SB16MIDI       7
    #define SNDCARD_UART6850       8
    #define SNDCARD_GUS16          9
    #define SNDCARD_MSS            10
    #define SNDCARD_PSS            11
    #define SNDCARD_SSCAPE         12
    #define SNDCARD_PSS_MPU        13
    #define SNDCARD_PSS_MSS        14
    #define SNDCARD_SSCAPE_MSS     15
    #define SNDCARD_TRXPRO         16
    #define SNDCARD_TRXPRO_SB      17
    #define SNDCARD_TRXPRO_MPU     18
    #define SNDCARD_MAD16          19
    #define SNDCARD_MAD16_MPU      20
    #define SNDCARD_CS4232         21
    #define SNDCARD_CS4232_MPU     22
    #define SNDCARD_MAUI           23
    #define SNDCARD_PSEUDO_MSS     24
    #define SNDCARD_AWE32          25
    #define SNDCARD_NSS            26
    #define SNDCARD_UART16550      27
    #define SNDCARD_OPL            28
    
    #include <sys/types.h>
    #ifndef _IOWR
    #include <sys/ioccom.h>
   #endif  /* !_IOWR */
   
   /*
    * The first part of this file contains the new FreeBSD sound ioctl
    * interface. Tries to minimize the number of different ioctls, and
    * to be reasonably general.
    *
    * 970821: some of the new calls have not been implemented yet.
    */
   
   /*
    * the following three calls extend the generic file descriptor
    * interface. AIONWRITE is the dual of FIONREAD, i.e. returns the max
    * number of bytes for a write operation to be non-blocking.
    *
    * AIOGSIZE/AIOSSIZE are used to change the behaviour of the device,
    * from a character device (default) to a block device. In block mode,
    * (not to be confused with blocking mode) the main difference for the
    * application is that select() will return only when a complete
    * block can be read/written to the device, whereas in character mode
    * select will return true when one byte can be exchanged. For audio
    * devices, character mode makes select almost useless since one byte
    * will always be ready by the next sample time (which is often only a
    * handful of microseconds away).
    * Use a size of 0 or 1 to return to character mode.
    */
   #define AIONWRITE   _IOR('A', 10, int)   /* get # bytes to write */
   struct snd_size {
       int play_size;
       int rec_size;
   };
   #define AIOGSIZE    _IOR('A', 11, struct snd_size)/* read current blocksize */
   #define AIOSSIZE    _IOWR('A', 11, struct snd_size)  /* sets blocksize */
   
   /*
    * The following constants define supported audio formats. The
    * encoding follows voxware conventions, i.e. 1 bit for each supported
    * format. We extend it by using bit 31 (RO) to indicate full-duplex
    * capability, and bit 29 (RO) to indicate that the card supports/
    * needs different formats on capture & playback channels.
    * Bit 29 (RW) is used to indicate/ask stereo.
    *
    * The number of bits required to store the sample is:
    *  o  4 bits for the IDA ADPCM format,
    *  o  8 bits for 8-bit formats, mu-law and A-law,
    *  o  16 bits for the 16-bit formats, and
    *  o  32 bits for the 24/32-bit formats.
    *  o  undefined for the MPEG audio format.
    */
   
   #define AFMT_QUERY      0x00000000      /* Return current format */
   #define AFMT_MU_LAW     0x00000001      /* Logarithmic mu-law */
   #define AFMT_A_LAW      0x00000002      /* Logarithmic A-law */
   #define AFMT_IMA_ADPCM  0x00000004      /* A 4:1 compressed format where 16-bit
                                            * squence represented using the
                                            * the average 4 bits per sample */
   #define AFMT_U8         0x00000008      /* Unsigned 8-bit */
   #define AFMT_S16_LE     0x00000010      /* Little endian signed 16-bit */
   #define AFMT_S16_BE     0x00000020      /* Big endian signed 16-bit */
   #define AFMT_S8         0x00000040      /* Signed 8-bit */
   #define AFMT_U16_LE     0x00000080      /* Little endian unsigned 16-bit */
   #define AFMT_U16_BE     0x00000100      /* Big endian unsigned 16-bit */
   #define AFMT_MPEG       0x00000200      /* MPEG MP2/MP3 audio */
   #define AFMT_AC3        0x00000400      /* Dolby Digital AC3 */
   /*
    * 32-bit formats below used for 24-bit audio data where the data is stored
    * in the 24 most significant bits and the least significant bits are not used
    * (should be set to 0).
    */
   #define AFMT_S32_LE     0x00001000      /* Little endian signed 32-bit */
   #define AFMT_S32_BE     0x00002000      /* Big endian signed 32-bit */
   #define AFMT_U32_LE     0x00004000      /* Little endian unsigned 32-bit */
   #define AFMT_U32_BE     0x00008000      /* Big endian unsigned 32-bit */
   
   #define AFMT_STEREO     0x10000000      /* can do/want stereo   */
   
   /*
    * the following are really capabilities
    */
   #define AFMT_WEIRD      0x20000000      /* weird hardware...    */
       /*
        * AFMT_WEIRD reports that the hardware might need to operate
        * with different formats in the playback and capture
        * channels when operating in full duplex.
        * As an example, SoundBlaster16 cards only support U8 in one
        * direction and S16 in the other one, and applications should
        * be aware of this limitation.
        */
   #define AFMT_FULLDUPLEX 0x80000000      /* can do full duplex   */
   
   /*
    * The following structure is used to get/set format and sampling rate.
    * While it would be better to have things such as stereo, bits per
    * sample, endiannes, etc split in different variables, it turns out
    * that formats are not that many, and not all combinations are possible.
    * So we followed the Voxware approach of associating one bit to each
    * format.
    */
   
   typedef struct _snd_chan_param {
       u_long      play_rate;      /* sampling rate                        */
       u_long      rec_rate;       /* sampling rate                        */
       u_long      play_format;    /* everything describing the format     */
       u_long      rec_format;     /* everything describing the format     */
   } snd_chan_param;
   #define AIOGFMT    _IOR('f', 12, snd_chan_param)   /* get format */
   #define AIOSFMT    _IOWR('f', 12, snd_chan_param)  /* sets format */
   
   /*
    * The following structure is used to get/set the mixer setting.
    * Up to 32 mixers are supported, each one with up to 32 channels.
    */
   typedef struct _snd_mix_param {
       u_char      subdev; /* which output                         */
       u_char      line;   /* which input                          */
       u_char      left,right; /* volumes, 0..255, 0 = mute        */
   } snd_mix_param ;
   
   /* XXX AIOGMIX, AIOSMIX not implemented yet */
   #define AIOGMIX _IOWR('A', 13, snd_mix_param)   /* return mixer status */
   #define AIOSMIX _IOWR('A', 14, snd_mix_param)   /* sets mixer status   */
   
   /*
    * channel specifiers used in AIOSTOP and AIOSYNC
    */
   #define AIOSYNC_PLAY    0x1     /* play chan */
   #define AIOSYNC_CAPTURE 0x2     /* capture chan */
   /* AIOSTOP stop & flush a channel, returns the residual count */
   #define AIOSTOP _IOWR ('A', 15, int)
   
   /* alternate method used to notify the sync condition */
   #define AIOSYNC_SIGNAL  0x100
   #define AIOSYNC_SELECT  0x200
   
   /* what the 'pos' field refers to */
   #define AIOSYNC_READY   0x400
   #define AIOSYNC_FREE    0x800
   
   typedef struct _snd_sync_parm {
       long chan ; /* play or capture channel, plus modifier */
       long pos;
   } snd_sync_parm;
   #define AIOSYNC _IOWR ('A', 15, snd_sync_parm)  /* misc. synchronization */
   
   /*
    * The following is used to return device capabilities. If the structure
    * passed to the ioctl is zeroed, default values are returned for rate
    * and formats, a bitmap of available mixers is returned, and values
    * (inputs, different levels) for the first one are returned.
    *
    * If  formats, mixers, inputs are instantiated, then detailed info
    * are returned depending on the call.
    */
   typedef struct _snd_capabilities {
       u_long      rate_min, rate_max;     /* min-max sampling rate */
       u_long      formats;
       u_long      bufsize; /* DMA buffer size */
       u_long      mixers; /* bitmap of available mixers */
       u_long      inputs; /* bitmap of available inputs (per mixer) */
       u_short     left, right;    /* how many levels are supported */
   } snd_capabilities;
   #define AIOGCAP _IOWR('A', 15, snd_capabilities)        /* get capabilities */
   
   /*
    * here is the old (Voxware) ioctl interface
    */
   
   /*
    * IOCTL Commands for /dev/sequencer
    */
   
   #define SNDCTL_SEQ_RESET        _IO  ('Q', 0)
   #define SNDCTL_SEQ_SYNC         _IO  ('Q', 1)
   #define SNDCTL_SYNTH_INFO       _IOWR('Q', 2, struct synth_info)
   #define SNDCTL_SEQ_CTRLRATE     _IOWR('Q', 3, int) /* Set/get timer res.(hz) */
   #define SNDCTL_SEQ_GETOUTCOUNT  _IOR ('Q', 4, int)
   #define SNDCTL_SEQ_GETINCOUNT   _IOR ('Q', 5, int)
   #define SNDCTL_SEQ_PERCMODE     _IOW ('Q', 6, int)
   #define SNDCTL_FM_LOAD_INSTR    _IOW ('Q', 7, struct sbi_instrument)    /* Valid for FM only */
   #define SNDCTL_SEQ_TESTMIDI     _IOW ('Q', 8, int)
   #define SNDCTL_SEQ_RESETSAMPLES _IOW ('Q', 9, int)
   #define SNDCTL_SEQ_NRSYNTHS     _IOR ('Q',10, int)
   #define SNDCTL_SEQ_NRMIDIS      _IOR ('Q',11, int)
   #define SNDCTL_MIDI_INFO        _IOWR('Q',12, struct midi_info)
   #define SNDCTL_SEQ_THRESHOLD    _IOW ('Q',13, int)
   #define SNDCTL_SEQ_TRESHOLD     SNDCTL_SEQ_THRESHOLD    /* there was once a typo */
   #define SNDCTL_SYNTH_MEMAVL     _IOWR('Q',14, int) /* in=dev#, out=memsize */
   #define SNDCTL_FM_4OP_ENABLE    _IOW ('Q',15, int) /* in=dev# */
   #define SNDCTL_PMGR_ACCESS      _IOWR('Q',16, struct patmgr_info)
   #define SNDCTL_SEQ_PANIC        _IO  ('Q',17)
   #define SNDCTL_SEQ_OUTOFBAND    _IOW ('Q',18, struct seq_event_rec)
   
   struct seq_event_rec {
           u_char arr[8];
   };
   
   #define SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE     _IOWR('T', 1, int)
   #define SNDCTL_TMR_START        _IO  ('T', 2)
   #define SNDCTL_TMR_STOP         _IO  ('T', 3)
   #define SNDCTL_TMR_CONTINUE     _IO  ('T', 4)
   #define SNDCTL_TMR_TEMPO        _IOWR('T', 5, int)
   #define SNDCTL_TMR_SOURCE       _IOWR('T', 6, int)
   #   define TMR_INTERNAL         0x00000001
   #   define TMR_EXTERNAL         0x00000002
   #       define TMR_MODE_MIDI    0x00000010
   #       define TMR_MODE_FSK     0x00000020
   #       define TMR_MODE_CLS     0x00000040
   #       define TMR_MODE_SMPTE   0x00000080
   #define SNDCTL_TMR_METRONOME    _IOW ('T', 7, int)
   #define SNDCTL_TMR_SELECT       _IOW ('T', 8, int)
   
   /*
    *      Endian aware patch key generation algorithm.
    */
   
   #if defined(_AIX) || defined(AIX)
   #  define _PATCHKEY(id) (0xfd00|id)
   #else
   #  define _PATCHKEY(id) ((id<<8)|0xfd)
   #endif
   
   /*
    *      Sample loading mechanism for internal synthesizers (/dev/sequencer)
    *      The following patch_info structure has been designed to support
    *      Gravis UltraSound. It tries to be universal format for uploading
    *      sample based patches but is probably too limited.
    */
   
   struct patch_info {
   /*              u_short key;             Use GUS_PATCH here */
           short key;               /* Use GUS_PATCH here */
   #define GUS_PATCH       _PATCHKEY(0x04)
   #define OBSOLETE_GUS_PATCH      _PATCHKEY(0x02)
   
           short device_no;        /* Synthesizer number */
           short instr_no;         /* Midi pgm# */
   
           u_long mode;
   /*
    * The least significant byte has the same format than the GUS .PAT
    * files
    */
   #define WAVE_16_BITS    0x01    /* bit 0 = 8 or 16 bit wave data. */
   #define WAVE_UNSIGNED   0x02    /* bit 1 = Signed - Unsigned data. */
   #define WAVE_LOOPING    0x04    /* bit 2 = looping enabled-1. */
   #define WAVE_BIDIR_LOOP 0x08    /* bit 3 = Set is bidirectional looping. */
   #define WAVE_LOOP_BACK  0x10    /* bit 4 = Set is looping backward. */
   #define WAVE_SUSTAIN_ON 0x20    /* bit 5 = Turn sustaining on. (Env. pts. 3)*/
   #define WAVE_ENVELOPES  0x40    /* bit 6 = Enable envelopes - 1 */
                                   /*      (use the env_rate/env_offs fields). */
   /* Linux specific bits */
   #define WAVE_VIBRATO    0x00010000      /* The vibrato info is valid */
   #define WAVE_TREMOLO    0x00020000      /* The tremolo info is valid */
   #define WAVE_SCALE      0x00040000      /* The scaling info is valid */
   /* Other bits must be zeroed */
   
           long len;       /* Size of the wave data in bytes */
           long loop_start, loop_end; /* Byte offsets from the beginning */
   
   /*
    * The base_freq and base_note fields are used when computing the
    * playback speed for a note. The base_note defines the tone frequency
    * which is heard if the sample is played using the base_freq as the
    * playback speed.
    *
    * The low_note and high_note fields define the minimum and maximum note
    * frequencies for which this sample is valid. It is possible to define
    * more than one samples for a instrument number at the same time. The
    * low_note and high_note fields are used to select the most suitable one.
    *
    * The fields base_note, high_note and low_note should contain
    * the note frequency multiplied by 1000. For example value for the
    * middle A is 440*1000.
    */
   
           u_int base_freq;
           u_long base_note;
           u_long high_note;
           u_long low_note;
           int panning;    /* -128=left, 127=right */
           int detuning;
   
   /*      New fields introduced in version 1.99.5 */
   
          /* Envelope. Enabled by mode bit WAVE_ENVELOPES  */
           u_char  env_rate[ 6 ];   /* GUS HW ramping rate */
           u_char  env_offset[ 6 ]; /* 255 == 100% */
   
           /*
            * The tremolo, vibrato and scale info are not supported yet.
            * Enable by setting the mode bits WAVE_TREMOLO, WAVE_VIBRATO or
            * WAVE_SCALE
            */
   
           u_char  tremolo_sweep;
           u_char  tremolo_rate;
           u_char  tremolo_depth;
   
           u_char  vibrato_sweep;
           u_char  vibrato_rate;
           u_char  vibrato_depth;
   
           int             scale_frequency;
           u_int   scale_factor;           /* from 0 to 2048 or 0 to 2 */
   
           int             volume;
           int             spare[4];
           char data[1];   /* The waveform data starts here */
   };
   
   struct sysex_info {
           short key;              /* Use GUS_PATCH here */
   #define SYSEX_PATCH     _PATCHKEY(0x05)
   #define MAUI_PATCH      _PATCHKEY(0x06)
           short device_no;        /* Synthesizer number */
           long len;       /* Size of the sysex data in bytes */
           u_char data[1]; /* Sysex data starts here */
   };
   
   /*
    * Patch management interface (/dev/sequencer, /dev/patmgr#)
    * Don't use these calls if you want to maintain compatibility with
    * the future versions of the driver.
    */
   
   #define PS_NO_PATCHES           0       /* No patch support on device */
   #define PS_MGR_NOT_OK           1       /* Plain patch support (no mgr) */
   #define PS_MGR_OK               2       /* Patch manager supported */
   #define PS_MANAGED              3       /* Patch manager running */
   
   #define SNDCTL_PMGR_IFACE               _IOWR('P', 1, struct patmgr_info)
   
   /*
    * The patmgr_info is a fixed size structure which is used for two
    * different purposes. The intended use is for communication between
    * the application using /dev/sequencer and the patch manager daemon
    * associated with a synthesizer device (ioctl(SNDCTL_PMGR_ACCESS)).
    *
    * This structure is also used with ioctl(SNDCTL_PGMR_IFACE) which allows
    * a patch manager daemon to read and write device parameters. This
    * ioctl available through /dev/sequencer also. Avoid using it since it's
    * extremely hardware dependent. In addition access trough /dev/sequencer
    * may confuse the patch manager daemon.
    */
   
   struct patmgr_info {    /* Note! size must be < 4k since kmalloc() is used */
             u_long key;   /* Don't worry. Reserved for communication
                                      between the patch manager and the driver. */
   #define PM_K_EVENT              1 /* Event from the /dev/sequencer driver */
   #define PM_K_COMMAND            2 /* Request from a application */
   #define PM_K_RESPONSE           3 /* From patmgr to application */
   #define PM_ERROR                4 /* Error returned by the patmgr */
             int device;
             int command;
   
   /*
    * Commands 0x000 to 0xfff reserved for patch manager programs
    */
   #define PM_GET_DEVTYPE  1       /* Returns type of the patch mgr interface of dev */
   #define         PMTYPE_FM2      1       /* 2 OP fm */
   #define         PMTYPE_FM4      2       /* Mixed 4 or 2 op FM (OPL-3) */
   #define         PMTYPE_WAVE     3       /* Wave table synthesizer (GUS) */
   #define PM_GET_NRPGM    2       /* Returns max # of midi programs in parm1 */
   #define PM_GET_PGMMAP   3       /* Returns map of loaded midi programs in data8 */
   #define PM_GET_PGM_PATCHES 4    /* Return list of patches of a program (parm1) */
   #define PM_GET_PATCH    5       /* Return patch header of patch parm1 */
   #define PM_SET_PATCH    6       /* Set patch header of patch parm1 */
   #define PM_READ_PATCH   7       /* Read patch (wave) data */
   #define PM_WRITE_PATCH  8       /* Write patch (wave) data */
   
   /*
    * Commands 0x1000 to 0xffff are for communication between the patch manager
    * and the client
    */
   #define _PM_LOAD_PATCH  0x100
   
   /*
    * Commands above 0xffff reserved for device specific use
    */
   
           long parm1;
           long parm2;
           long parm3;
   
           union {
                   u_char data8[4000];
                   u_short data16[2000];
                   u_long data32[1000];
                   struct patch_info patch;
           } data;
   };
   
   /*
    * When a patch manager daemon is present, it will be informed by the
    * driver when something important happens. For example when the
    * /dev/sequencer is opened or closed. A record with key == PM_K_EVENT is
    * returned. The command field contains the event type:
    */
   #define PM_E_OPENED             1       /* /dev/sequencer opened */
   #define PM_E_CLOSED             2       /* /dev/sequencer closed */
   #define PM_E_PATCH_RESET        3       /* SNDCTL_RESETSAMPLES called */
   #define PM_E_PATCH_LOADED       4       /* A patch has been loaded by appl */
   
   /*
    * /dev/sequencer input events.
    *
    * The data written to the /dev/sequencer is a stream of events. Events
    * are records of 4 or 8 bytes. The first byte defines the size.
    * Any number of events can be written with a write call. There
    * is a set of macros for sending these events. Use these macros if you
    * want to maximize portability of your program.
    *
    * Events SEQ_WAIT, SEQ_MIDIPUTC and SEQ_ECHO. Are also input events.
    * (All input events are currently 4 bytes long. Be prepared to support
    * 8 byte events also. If you receive any event having first byte >= 128,
    * it's a 8 byte event.
    *
    * The events are documented at the end of this file.
    *
    * Normal events (4 bytes)
    * There is also a 8 byte version of most of the 4 byte events. The
    * 8 byte one is recommended.
    */
   #define SEQ_NOTEOFF             0
   #define SEQ_FMNOTEOFF           SEQ_NOTEOFF     /* Just old name */
   #define SEQ_NOTEON              1
   #define SEQ_FMNOTEON            SEQ_NOTEON
   #define SEQ_WAIT                TMR_WAIT_ABS
   #define SEQ_PGMCHANGE           3
   #define SEQ_FMPGMCHANGE         SEQ_PGMCHANGE
   #define SEQ_SYNCTIMER           TMR_START
   #define SEQ_MIDIPUTC            5
   #define SEQ_DRUMON              6       /*** OBSOLETE ***/
   #define SEQ_DRUMOFF             7       /*** OBSOLETE ***/
   #define SEQ_ECHO                TMR_ECHO        /* For synching programs with output */
   #define SEQ_AFTERTOUCH          9
   #define SEQ_CONTROLLER          10
   
   /*
    *      Midi controller numbers
    *
    * Controllers 0 to 31 (0x00 to 0x1f) and 32 to 63 (0x20 to 0x3f)
    * are continuous controllers.
    * In the MIDI 1.0 these controllers are sent using two messages.
    * Controller numbers 0 to 31 are used to send the MSB and the
    * controller numbers 32 to 63 are for the LSB. Note that just 7 bits
    * are used in MIDI bytes.
    */
   
   #define CTL_BANK_SELECT         0x00
   #define CTL_MODWHEEL            0x01
   #define CTL_BREATH              0x02
   /*      undefined               0x03 */
   #define CTL_FOOT                0x04
   #define CTL_PORTAMENTO_TIME     0x05
   #define CTL_DATA_ENTRY          0x06
   #define CTL_MAIN_VOLUME         0x07
   #define CTL_BALANCE             0x08
   /*      undefined               0x09 */
   #define CTL_PAN                 0x0a
   #define CTL_EXPRESSION          0x0b
   /*      undefined               0x0c - 0x0f */
   #define CTL_GENERAL_PURPOSE1    0x10
   #define CTL_GENERAL_PURPOSE2    0x11
   #define CTL_GENERAL_PURPOSE3    0x12
   #define CTL_GENERAL_PURPOSE4    0x13
   /*      undefined               0x14 - 0x1f */
   
   /*      undefined               0x20 */
   
   /*
    * The controller numbers 0x21 to 0x3f are reserved for the
    * least significant bytes of the controllers 0x00 to 0x1f.
    * These controllers are not recognised by the driver.
    *
    * Controllers 64 to 69 (0x40 to 0x45) are on/off switches.
    * 0=OFF and 127=ON (intermediate values are possible)
    */
   #define CTL_DAMPER_PEDAL        0x40
   #define CTL_SUSTAIN             CTL_DAMPER_PEDAL        /* Alias */
   #define CTL_HOLD                CTL_DAMPER_PEDAL        /* Alias */
   #define CTL_PORTAMENTO          0x41
   #define CTL_SOSTENUTO           0x42
   #define CTL_SOFT_PEDAL          0x43
   /*      undefined               0x44 */
   #define CTL_HOLD2               0x45
   /*      undefined               0x46 - 0x4f */
   
   #define CTL_GENERAL_PURPOSE5    0x50
   #define CTL_GENERAL_PURPOSE6    0x51
   #define CTL_GENERAL_PURPOSE7    0x52
   #define CTL_GENERAL_PURPOSE8    0x53
   /*      undefined               0x54 - 0x5a */
   #define CTL_EXT_EFF_DEPTH       0x5b
   #define CTL_TREMOLO_DEPTH       0x5c
   #define CTL_CHORUS_DEPTH        0x5d
   #define CTL_DETUNE_DEPTH        0x5e
   #define CTL_CELESTE_DEPTH       CTL_DETUNE_DEPTH /* Alias for the above one */
   #define CTL_PHASER_DEPTH        0x5f
   #define CTL_DATA_INCREMENT      0x60
   #define CTL_DATA_DECREMENT      0x61
   #define CTL_NONREG_PARM_NUM_LSB 0x62
   #define CTL_NONREG_PARM_NUM_MSB 0x63
   #define CTL_REGIST_PARM_NUM_LSB 0x64
   #define CTL_REGIST_PARM_NUM_MSB 0x65
   /*      undefined               0x66 - 0x78 */
   /*      reserved                0x79 - 0x7f */
   
   /* Pseudo controllers (not midi compatible) */
   #define CTRL_PITCH_BENDER       255
   #define CTRL_PITCH_BENDER_RANGE 254
   #define CTRL_EXPRESSION         253     /* Obsolete */
   #define CTRL_MAIN_VOLUME        252     /* Obsolete */
   
   #define SEQ_BALANCE             11
   #define SEQ_VOLMODE             12
   
   /*
    * Volume mode decides how volumes are used
    */
   
   #define VOL_METHOD_ADAGIO       1
   #define VOL_METHOD_LINEAR       2
   
   /*
    * Note! SEQ_WAIT, SEQ_MIDIPUTC and SEQ_ECHO are used also as
    *       input events.
    */
   
   /*
    * Event codes 0xf0 to 0xfc are reserved for future extensions.
    */
   
   #define SEQ_FULLSIZE            0xfd    /* Long events */
   /*
    * SEQ_FULLSIZE events are used for loading patches/samples to the
    * synthesizer devices. These events are passed directly to the driver
    * of the associated synthesizer device. There is no limit to the size
    * of the extended events. These events are not queued but executed
    * immediately when the write() is called (execution can take several
    * seconds of time).
    *
    * When a SEQ_FULLSIZE message is written to the device, it must
    * be written using exactly one write() call. Other events cannot
    * be mixed to the same write.
    *
    * For FM synths (YM3812/OPL3) use struct sbi_instrument and write
    * it to the /dev/sequencer. Don't write other data together with
    * the instrument structure Set the key field of the structure to
    * FM_PATCH. The device field is used to route the patch to the
    * corresponding device.
    *
    * For Gravis UltraSound use struct patch_info. Initialize the key field
    * to GUS_PATCH.
    */
   #define SEQ_PRIVATE     0xfe    /* Low level HW dependent events (8 bytes) */
   #define SEQ_EXTENDED    0xff    /* Extended events (8 bytes) OBSOLETE */
   
   /*
    * Record for FM patches
    */
   
   typedef u_char sbi_instr_data[32];
   
   struct sbi_instrument {
           u_short key;    /* FM_PATCH or OPL3_PATCH */
   #define FM_PATCH        _PATCHKEY(0x01)
   #define OPL3_PATCH      _PATCHKEY(0x03)
           short           device;         /* Synth# (0-4) */
           int             channel;        /* Program# to be initialized  */
           sbi_instr_data  operators;      /* Reg. settings for operator cells
                                            * (.SBI format)        */
   };
   
   struct synth_info {     /* Read only */
           char    name[30];
           int     device;         /* 0-N. INITIALIZE BEFORE CALLING */
           int     synth_type;
   #define SYNTH_TYPE_FM                   0
   #define SYNTH_TYPE_SAMPLE               1
   #define SYNTH_TYPE_MIDI                 2       /* Midi interface */
   
           int     synth_subtype;
   #define FM_TYPE_ADLIB                   0x00
   #define FM_TYPE_OPL3                    0x01
   
   #define SAMPLE_TYPE_BASIC               0x10
   #define SAMPLE_TYPE_GUS                 SAMPLE_TYPE_BASIC
   #define SAMPLE_TYPE_AWE32               0x20
   
           int     perc_mode;      /* No longer supported */
           int     nr_voices;
           int     nr_drums;       /* Obsolete field */
           int     instr_bank_size;
           u_long  capabilities;
   #define SYNTH_CAP_PERCMODE      0x00000001 /* No longer used */
   #define SYNTH_CAP_OPL3          0x00000002 /* Set if OPL3 supported */
   #define SYNTH_CAP_INPUT         0x00000004 /* Input (MIDI) device */
           int     dummies[19];    /* Reserve space */
   };
   
   struct sound_timer_info {
           char name[32];
           int caps;
   };
   
   #define MIDI_CAP_MPU401         1               /* MPU-401 intelligent mode */
   
   struct midi_info {
           char            name[30];
           int             device;         /* 0-N. INITIALIZE BEFORE CALLING */
           u_long  capabilities;   /* To be defined later */
           int             dev_type;
           int             dummies[18];    /* Reserve space */
   };
   
   /*
    * ioctl commands for the /dev/midi##
    */
   typedef struct {
           u_char cmd;
           char nr_args, nr_returns;
           u_char data[30];
   } mpu_command_rec;
   
   #define SNDCTL_MIDI_PRETIME     _IOWR('m', 0, int)
   #define SNDCTL_MIDI_MPUMODE     _IOWR('m', 1, int)
   #define SNDCTL_MIDI_MPUCMD      _IOWR('m', 2, mpu_command_rec)
   #define MIOSPASSTHRU            _IOWR('m', 3, int)
   #define MIOGPASSTHRU            _IOWR('m', 4, int)
   
   /*
    * IOCTL commands for /dev/dsp and /dev/audio
    */
   
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_RESET        _IO  ('P', 0)
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_SYNC         _IO  ('P', 1)
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_SPEED        _IOWR('P', 2, int)
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_STEREO       _IOWR('P', 3, int)
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_GETBLKSIZE   _IOR('P', 4, int)
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_SETBLKSIZE   _IOW('P', 4, int)
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_SETFMT       _IOWR('P',5, int) /* Selects ONE fmt*/
   
   /*
    * SOUND_PCM_WRITE_CHANNELS is not that different
    * from SNDCTL_DSP_STEREO
    */
   #define SOUND_PCM_WRITE_CHANNELS        _IOWR('P', 6, int)
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_CHANNELS     SOUND_PCM_WRITE_CHANNELS
   #define SOUND_PCM_WRITE_FILTER  _IOWR('P', 7, int)
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_POST         _IO  ('P', 8)
   
   /*
    * SNDCTL_DSP_SETBLKSIZE and the following two calls mostly do
    * the same thing, i.e. set the block size used in DMA transfers.
    */
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_SUBDIVIDE    _IOWR('P', 9, int)
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_SETFRAGMENT  _IOWR('P',10, int)
   
   
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_GETFMTS      _IOR ('P',11, int) /* Returns a mask */
   /*
    * Buffer status queries.
    */
   typedef struct audio_buf_info {
       int fragments;      /* # of avail. frags (partly used ones not counted) */
       int fragstotal;     /* Total # of fragments allocated */
       int fragsize;       /* Size of a fragment in bytes */
   
       int bytes;  /* Avail. space in bytes (includes partly used fragments) */
                   /* Note! 'bytes' could be more than fragments*fragsize */
   } audio_buf_info;
   
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_GETOSPACE    _IOR ('P',12, audio_buf_info)
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_GETISPACE    _IOR ('P',13, audio_buf_info)
   
   /*
    * SNDCTL_DSP_NONBLOCK is the same (but less powerful, since the
    * action cannot be undone) of FIONBIO. The same can be achieved
    * by opening the device with O_NDELAY
    */
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_NONBLOCK     _IO  ('P',14)
   
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_GETCAPS      _IOR ('P',15, int)
   #define DSP_CAP_REVISION        0x000000ff /* revision level (0 to 255) */
   #define DSP_CAP_DUPLEX          0x00000100 /* Full duplex record/playback */
   #define DSP_CAP_REALTIME        0x00000200 /* Real time capability */
   #define DSP_CAP_BATCH           0x00000400
       /*
        * Device has some kind of internal buffers which may
        * cause some delays and decrease precision of timing
        */
   #define DSP_CAP_COPROC          0x00000800
       /* Has a coprocessor, sometimes it's a DSP but usually not */
   #define DSP_CAP_TRIGGER         0x00001000 /* Supports SETTRIGGER */
   #define DSP_CAP_MMAP 0x00002000 /* Supports mmap() */
   
   /*
    * What do these function do ?
    */
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_GETTRIGGER   _IOR ('P',16, int)
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_SETTRIGGER   _IOW ('P',16, int)
   #define PCM_ENABLE_INPUT        0x00000001
   #define PCM_ENABLE_OUTPUT       0x00000002
   
   typedef struct count_info {
           int bytes;      /* Total # of bytes processed */
           int blocks;     /* # of fragment transitions since last time */
           int ptr;        /* Current DMA pointer value */
   } count_info;
   
   /*
    * GETIPTR and GETISPACE are not that different... same for out.
    */
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_GETIPTR      _IOR ('P',17, count_info)
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_GETOPTR      _IOR ('P',18, count_info)
   
   typedef struct buffmem_desc {
           caddr_t buffer;
           int size;
   } buffmem_desc;
   
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_MAPINBUF     _IOR ('P', 19, buffmem_desc)
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_MAPOUTBUF    _IOR ('P', 20, buffmem_desc)
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_SETSYNCRO    _IO  ('P', 21)
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_SETDUPLEX    _IO  ('P', 22)
   #define SNDCTL_DSP_GETODELAY    _IOR ('P', 23, int)
   
   /*
    * I guess these are the readonly version of the same
    * functions that exist above as SNDCTL_DSP_...
    */
   #define SOUND_PCM_READ_RATE     _IOR ('P', 2, int)
   #define SOUND_PCM_READ_CHANNELS _IOR ('P', 6, int)
   #define SOUND_PCM_READ_BITS     _IOR ('P', 5, int)
   #define SOUND_PCM_READ_FILTER   _IOR ('P', 7, int)
   
   /*
    * ioctl calls to be used in communication with coprocessors and
    * DSP chips.
    */
   
   typedef struct copr_buffer {
           int command;    /* Set to 0 if not used */
           int flags;
   #define CPF_NONE                0x0000
   #define CPF_FIRST               0x0001  /* First block */
   #define CPF_LAST                0x0002  /* Last block */
           int len;
           int offs;       /* If required by the device (0 if not used) */
   
           u_char data[4000]; /* NOTE! 4000 is not 4k */
   } copr_buffer;
   
   typedef struct copr_debug_buf {
           int command;    /* Used internally. Set to 0 */
           int parm1;
           int parm2;
           int flags;
           int len;        /* Length of data in bytes */
   } copr_debug_buf;
   
   typedef struct copr_msg {
           int len;
           u_char data[4000];
   } copr_msg;
   
   #define SNDCTL_COPR_RESET       _IO  ('C',  0)
   #define SNDCTL_COPR_LOAD        _IOWR('C',  1, copr_buffer)
   #define SNDCTL_COPR_RDATA       _IOWR('C',  2, copr_debug_buf)
   #define SNDCTL_COPR_RCODE       _IOWR('C',  3, copr_debug_buf)
   #define SNDCTL_COPR_WDATA       _IOW ('C',  4, copr_debug_buf)
   #define SNDCTL_COPR_WCODE       _IOW ('C',  5, copr_debug_buf)
   #define SNDCTL_COPR_RUN         _IOWR('C',  6, copr_debug_buf)
   #define SNDCTL_COPR_HALT        _IOWR('C',  7, copr_debug_buf)
   #define SNDCTL_COPR_SENDMSG     _IOW ('C',  8, copr_msg)
   #define SNDCTL_COPR_RCVMSG      _IOR ('C',  9, copr_msg)
   
   /*
    * IOCTL commands for /dev/mixer
    */
   
   /*
    * Mixer devices
    *
    * There can be up to 20 different analog mixer channels. The
    * SOUND_MIXER_NRDEVICES gives the currently supported maximum.
    * The SOUND_MIXER_READ_DEVMASK returns a bitmask which tells
    * the devices supported by the particular mixer.
    */
   
   #define SOUND_MIXER_NRDEVICES   25
   #define SOUND_MIXER_VOLUME      0       /* Master output level */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_BASS        1       /* Treble level of all output channels */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_TREBLE      2       /* Bass level of all output channels */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_SYNTH       3       /* Volume of synthesier input */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_PCM         4       /* Output level for the audio device */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_SPEAKER     5       /* Output level for the PC speaker
                                            * signals */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_LINE        6       /* Volume level for the line in jack */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_MIC         7       /* Volume for the signal coming from
                                            * the microphone jack */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_CD          8       /* Volume level for the input signal
                                            * connected to the CD audio input */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_IMIX        9       /* Recording monitor. It controls the
                                            * output volume of the selected
                                            * recording sources while recording */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_ALTPCM      10      /* Volume of the alternative codec
                                            * device */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_RECLEV      11      /* Global recording level */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_IGAIN       12      /* Input gain */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_OGAIN       13      /* Output gain */
   /*
    * The AD1848 codec and compatibles have three line level inputs
    * (line, aux1 and aux2). Since each card manufacturer have assigned
    * different meanings to these inputs, it's inpractical to assign
    * specific meanings (line, cd, synth etc.) to them.
    */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_LINE1       14      /* Input source 1  (aux1) */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_LINE2       15      /* Input source 2  (aux2) */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_LINE3       16      /* Input source 3  (line) */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_DIGITAL1    17      /* Digital (input) 1 */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_DIGITAL2    18      /* Digital (input) 2 */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_DIGITAL3    19      /* Digital (input) 3 */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_PHONEIN     20      /* Phone input */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_PHONEOUT    21      /* Phone output */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_VIDEO       22      /* Video/TV (audio) in */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_RADIO       23      /* Radio in */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_MONITOR     24      /* Monitor (usually mic) volume */
   
   
   /*
    * Some on/off settings (SOUND_SPECIAL_MIN - SOUND_SPECIAL_MAX)
    * Not counted to SOUND_MIXER_NRDEVICES, but use the same number space
    */
   #define SOUND_ONOFF_MIN         28
   #define SOUND_ONOFF_MAX         30
   #define SOUND_MIXER_MUTE        28      /* 0 or 1 */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_ENHANCE     29      /* Enhanced stereo (0, 40, 60 or 80) */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_LOUD        30      /* 0 or 1 */
   
   /* Note!        Number 31 cannot be used since the sign bit is reserved */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_NONE        31
   
   #define SOUND_DEVICE_LABELS     { \
           "Vol  ", "Bass ", "Trebl", "Synth", "Pcm  ", "Spkr ", "Line ", \
           "Mic  ", "CD   ", "Mix  ", "Pcm2 ", "Rec  ", "IGain", "OGain", \
           "Line1", "Line2", "Line3", "Digital1", "Digital2", "Digital3", \
           "PhoneIn", "PhoneOut", "Video", "Radio", "Monitor"}
   
   #define SOUND_DEVICE_NAMES      { \
           "vol", "bass", "treble", "synth", "pcm", "speaker", "line", \
           "mic", "cd", "mix", "pcm2", "rec", "igain", "ogain", \
           "line1", "line2", "line3", "dig1", "dig2", "dig3", \
           "phin", "phout", "video", "radio", "monitor"}
   
   /*      Device bitmask identifiers      */
   
   #define SOUND_MIXER_RECSRC      0xff    /* 1 bit per recording source */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_DEVMASK     0xfe    /* 1 bit per supported device */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_RECMASK     0xfd    /* 1 bit per supp. recording source */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_CAPS        0xfc
   #define SOUND_CAP_EXCL_INPUT    0x00000001      /* Only 1 rec. src at a time */
   #define SOUND_MIXER_STEREODEVS  0xfb    /* Mixer channels supporting stereo */
   
   /*      Device mask bits        */
   
   #define SOUND_MASK_VOLUME       (1 << SOUND_MIXER_VOLUME)
   #define SOUND_MASK_BASS         (1 << SOUND_MIXER_BASS)
   #define SOUND_MASK_TREBLE       (1 << SOUND_MIXER_TREBLE)
   #define SOUND_MASK_SYNTH        (1 << SOUND_MIXER_SYNTH)
   #define SOUND_MASK_PCM          (1 << SOUND_MIXER_PCM)
   #define SOUND_MASK_SPEAKER      (1 << SOUND_MIXER_SPEAKER)
   #define SOUND_MASK_LINE         (1 << SOUND_MIXER_LINE)
   #define SOUND_MASK_MIC          (1 << SOUND_MIXER_MIC)
   #define SOUND_MASK_CD           (1 << SOUND_MIXER_CD)
   #define SOUND_MASK_IMIX         (1 << SOUND_MIXER_IMIX)
   #define SOUND_MASK_ALTPCM       (1 << SOUND_MIXER_ALTPCM)
   #define SOUND_MASK_RECLEV       (1 << SOUND_MIXER_RECLEV)
   #define SOUND_MASK_IGAIN        (1 << SOUND_MIXER_IGAIN)
   #define SOUND_MASK_OGAIN        (1 << SOUND_MIXER_OGAIN)
   #define SOUND_MASK_LINE1        (1 << SOUND_MIXER_LINE1)
   #define SOUND_MASK_LINE2        (1 << SOUND_MIXER_LINE2)
   #define SOUND_MASK_LINE3        (1 << SOUND_MIXER_LINE3)
   #define SOUND_MASK_DIGITAL1     (1 << SOUND_MIXER_DIGITAL1)
   #define SOUND_MASK_DIGITAL2     (1 << SOUND_MIXER_DIGITAL2)
   #define SOUND_MASK_DIGITAL3     (1 << SOUND_MIXER_DIGITAL3)
   #define SOUND_MASK_PHONEIN      (1 << SOUND_MIXER_PHONEIN)
   #define SOUND_MASK_PHONEOUT     (1 << SOUND_MIXER_PHONEOUT)
   #define SOUND_MASK_RADIO        (1 << SOUND_MIXER_RADIO)
   #define SOUND_MASK_VIDEO        (1 << SOUND_MIXER_VIDEO)
   #define SOUND_MASK_MONITOR      (1 << SOUND_MIXER_MONITOR)
   
   /* Obsolete macros */
   #define SOUND_MASK_MUTE         (1 << SOUND_MIXER_MUTE)
   #define SOUND_MASK_ENHANCE      (1 << SOUND_MIXER_ENHANCE)
   #define SOUND_MASK_LOUD         (1 << SOUND_MIXER_LOUD)
   
   #define MIXER_READ(dev)         _IOR('M', dev, int)
   #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_VOLUME         MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_VOLUME)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_BASS           MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_BASS)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_TREBLE         MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_TREBLE)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_SYNTH          MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_SYNTH)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_PCM            MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_PCM)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_SPEAKER        MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_SPEAKER)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_LINE           MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_LINE)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_MIC            MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_MIC)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_CD             MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_CD)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_IMIX           MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_IMIX)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_ALTPCM         MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_ALTPCM)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_RECLEV         MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_RECLEV)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_IGAIN          MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_IGAIN)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_OGAIN          MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_OGAIN)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_LINE1          MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_LINE1)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_LINE2          MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_LINE2)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_LINE3          MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_LINE3)
  
  /* Obsolete macros */
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_MUTE           MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_MUTE)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_ENHANCE        MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_ENHANCE)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_LOUD           MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_LOUD)
  
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_RECSRC         MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_RECSRC)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_DEVMASK        MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_DEVMASK)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_RECMASK        MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_RECMASK)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_STEREODEVS     MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_STEREODEVS)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_READ_CAPS           MIXER_READ(SOUND_MIXER_CAPS)
  
  #define MIXER_WRITE(dev)                _IOWR('M', dev, int)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_VOLUME        MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_VOLUME)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_BASS          MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_BASS)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_TREBLE        MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_TREBLE)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_SYNTH         MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_SYNTH)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_PCM           MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_PCM)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_SPEAKER       MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_SPEAKER)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_LINE          MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_LINE)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_MIC           MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_MIC)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_CD            MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_CD)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_IMIX          MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_IMIX)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_ALTPCM        MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_ALTPCM)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_RECLEV        MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_RECLEV)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_IGAIN         MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_IGAIN)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_OGAIN         MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_OGAIN)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_LINE1         MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_LINE1)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_LINE2         MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_LINE2)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_LINE3         MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_LINE3)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_MUTE          MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_MUTE)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_ENHANCE       MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_ENHANCE)
  #define SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_LOUD          MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_LOUD)
  
  #define SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_RECSRC        MIXER_WRITE(SOUND_MIXER_RECSRC)
  
  #define LEFT_CHN        0
  #define RIGHT_CHN       1
  
  /*
   * Level 2 event types for /dev/sequencer
   */
  
  /*
   * The 4 most significant bits of byte 0 specify the class of
   * the event:
   *
   *      0x8X = system level events,
   *      0x9X = device/port specific events, event[1] = device/port,
   *              The last 4 bits give the subtype:
   *                      0x02    = Channel event (event[3] = chn).
   *                      0x01    = note event (event[4] = note).
   *                      (0x01 is not used alone but always with bit 0x02).
   *             event[2] = MIDI message code (0x80=note off etc.)
   *
   */
  
  #define EV_SEQ_LOCAL            0x80
  #define EV_TIMING               0x81
  #define EV_CHN_COMMON           0x92
  #define EV_CHN_VOICE            0x93
  #define EV_SYSEX                0x94
  /*
   * Event types 200 to 220 are reserved for application use.
   * These numbers will not be used by the driver.
   */
  
  /*
   * Events for event type EV_CHN_VOICE
   */
  
  #define MIDI_NOTEOFF            0x80
  #define MIDI_NOTEON             0x90
  #define MIDI_KEY_PRESSURE       0xA0
  
  /*
   * Events for event type EV_CHN_COMMON
   */
  
  #define MIDI_CTL_CHANGE         0xB0
  #define MIDI_PGM_CHANGE         0xC0
  #define MIDI_CHN_PRESSURE       0xD0
  #define MIDI_PITCH_BEND         0xE0
  
  #define MIDI_SYSTEM_PREFIX      0xF0
  
  /*
   * Timer event types
   */
  #define TMR_WAIT_REL            1       /* Time relative to the prev time */
  #define TMR_WAIT_ABS            2       /* Absolute time since TMR_START */
  #define TMR_STOP                3
  #define TMR_START               4
  #define TMR_CONTINUE            5
  #define TMR_TEMPO               6
  #define TMR_ECHO                8
  #define TMR_CLOCK               9       /* MIDI clock */
  #define TMR_SPP                 10      /* Song position pointer */
  #define TMR_TIMESIG             11      /* Time signature */
  
  /*
   *      Local event types
   */
  #define LOCL_STARTAUDIO         1
  
  #if (!defined(_KERNEL) && !defined(INKERNEL)) || defined(USE_SEQ_MACROS)
  /*
   *      Some convenience macros to simplify programming of the
   *      /dev/sequencer interface
   *
   *      These macros define the API which should be used when possible.
   */
  
  #ifndef USE_SIMPLE_MACROS
  void seqbuf_dump(void); /* This function must be provided by programs */
  
  /* Sample seqbuf_dump() implementation:
   *
   *      SEQ_DEFINEBUF (2048);   -- Defines a buffer for 2048 bytes
   *
   *      int seqfd;              -- The file descriptor for /dev/sequencer.
   *
   *      void
   *      seqbuf_dump ()
   *      {
   *        if (_seqbufptr)
   *          if (write (seqfd, _seqbuf, _seqbufptr) == -1)
   *            {
   *              perror ("write /dev/sequencer");
   *              exit (-1);
   *            }
   *        _seqbufptr = 0;
   *      }
   */
  
  #define SEQ_DEFINEBUF(len)              \
          u_char _seqbuf[len]; int _seqbuflen = len;int _seqbufptr = 0
  #define SEQ_USE_EXTBUF()                \
          extern u_char _seqbuf[]; \
          extern int _seqbuflen;extern int _seqbufptr
  #define SEQ_DECLAREBUF()                SEQ_USE_EXTBUF()
  #define SEQ_PM_DEFINES                  struct patmgr_info _pm_info
  #define _SEQ_NEEDBUF(len)               \
          if ((_seqbufptr+(len)) > _seqbuflen) \
                  seqbuf_dump()
  #define _SEQ_ADVBUF(len)                _seqbufptr += len
  #define SEQ_DUMPBUF                     seqbuf_dump
  #else
  /*
   * This variation of the sequencer macros is used just to format one event
   * using fixed buffer.
   *
   * The program using the macro library must define the following macros before
   * using this library.
   *
   * #define _seqbuf               name of the buffer (u_char[])
   * #define _SEQ_ADVBUF(len)      If the applic needs to know the exact
   *                               size of the event, this macro can be used.
   *                               Otherwise this must be defined as empty.
   * #define _seqbufptr            Define the name of index variable or 0 if
   *                               not required.
   */
  #define _SEQ_NEEDBUF(len)       /* empty */
  #endif
  
  #define PM_LOAD_PATCH(dev, bank, pgm)   \
          (SEQ_DUMPBUF(), _pm_info.command = _PM_LOAD_PATCH, \
          _pm_info.device=dev, _pm_info.data.data8[0]=pgm, \
          _pm_info.parm1 = bank, _pm_info.parm2 = 1, \
          ioctl(seqfd, SNDCTL_PMGR_ACCESS, &_pm_info))
  #define PM_LOAD_PATCHES(dev, bank, pgm) \
          (SEQ_DUMPBUF(), _pm_info.command = _PM_LOAD_PATCH, \
          _pm_info.device=dev, bcopy( pgm, _pm_info.data.data8,  128), \
          _pm_info.parm1 = bank, _pm_info.parm2 = 128, \
          ioctl(seqfd, SNDCTL_PMGR_ACCESS, &_pm_info))
  
  #define SEQ_VOLUME_MODE(dev, mode)      { \
          _SEQ_NEEDBUF(8);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr] = SEQ_EXTENDED;\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+1] = SEQ_VOLMODE;\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+2] = (dev);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+3] = (mode);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+4] = 0;\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+5] = 0;\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+6] = 0;\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+7] = 0;\
          _SEQ_ADVBUF(8);}
  
  /*
   * Midi voice messages
   */
  
  #define _CHN_VOICE(dev, event, chn, note, parm)  { \
          _SEQ_NEEDBUF(8);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr] = EV_CHN_VOICE;\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+1] = (dev);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+2] = (event);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+3] = (chn);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+4] = (note);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+5] = (parm);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+6] = (0);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+7] = 0;\
          _SEQ_ADVBUF(8);}
  
  #define SEQ_START_NOTE(dev, chn, note, vol) \
                  _CHN_VOICE(dev, MIDI_NOTEON, chn, note, vol)
  
  #define SEQ_STOP_NOTE(dev, chn, note, vol) \
                  _CHN_VOICE(dev, MIDI_NOTEOFF, chn, note, vol)
  
  #define SEQ_KEY_PRESSURE(dev, chn, note, pressure) \
                  _CHN_VOICE(dev, MIDI_KEY_PRESSURE, chn, note, pressure)
  
  /*
   * Midi channel messages
   */
  
  #define _CHN_COMMON(dev, event, chn, p1, p2, w14) { \
          _SEQ_NEEDBUF(8);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr] = EV_CHN_COMMON;\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+1] = (dev);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+2] = (event);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+3] = (chn);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+4] = (p1);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+5] = (p2);\
          *(short *)&_seqbuf[_seqbufptr+6] = (w14);\
          _SEQ_ADVBUF(8);}
  /*
   * SEQ_SYSEX permits sending of sysex messages. (It may look that it permits
   * sending any MIDI bytes but it's absolutely not possible. Trying to do
   * so _will_ cause problems with MPU401 intelligent mode).
   *
   * Sysex messages are sent in blocks of 1 to 6 bytes. Longer messages must be
   * sent by calling SEQ_SYSEX() several times (there must be no other events
   * between them). First sysex fragment must have 0xf0 in the first byte
   * and the last byte (buf[len-1] of the last fragment must be 0xf7. No byte
   * between these sysex start and end markers cannot be larger than 0x7f. Also
   * lengths of each fragments (except the last one) must be 6.
   *
   * Breaking the above rules may work with some MIDI ports but is likely to
   * cause fatal problems with some other devices (such as MPU401).
   */
  #define SEQ_SYSEX(dev, buf, len) { \
          int i, l=(len); if (l>6)l=6;\
          _SEQ_NEEDBUF(8);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr] = EV_SYSEX;\
          for(i=0;i<l;i++)_seqbuf[_seqbufptr+i+1] = (buf)[i];\
          for(i=l;i<6;i++)_seqbuf[_seqbufptr+i+1] = 0xff;\
          _SEQ_ADVBUF(8);}
  
  #define SEQ_CHN_PRESSURE(dev, chn, pressure) \
          _CHN_COMMON(dev, MIDI_CHN_PRESSURE, chn, pressure, 0, 0)
  
  #define SEQ_SET_PATCH(dev, chn, patch) \
          _CHN_COMMON(dev, MIDI_PGM_CHANGE, chn, patch, 0, 0)
  
  #define SEQ_CONTROL(dev, chn, controller, value) \
          _CHN_COMMON(dev, MIDI_CTL_CHANGE, chn, controller, 0, value)
  
  #define SEQ_BENDER(dev, chn, value) \
          _CHN_COMMON(dev, MIDI_PITCH_BEND, chn, 0, 0, value)
  
  
  #define SEQ_V2_X_CONTROL(dev, voice, controller, value) { \
          _SEQ_NEEDBUF(8);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr] = SEQ_EXTENDED;\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+1] = SEQ_CONTROLLER;\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+2] = (dev);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+3] = (voice);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+4] = (controller);\
          *(short *)&_seqbuf[_seqbufptr+5] = (value);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+7] = 0;\
          _SEQ_ADVBUF(8);}
  
  /*
   * The following 5 macros are incorrectly implemented and obsolete.
   * Use SEQ_BENDER and SEQ_CONTROL (with proper controller) instead.
   */
  
  #define SEQ_PITCHBEND(dev, voice, value) \
          SEQ_V2_X_CONTROL(dev, voice, CTRL_PITCH_BENDER, value)
  #define SEQ_BENDER_RANGE(dev, voice, value) \
          SEQ_V2_X_CONTROL(dev, voice, CTRL_PITCH_BENDER_RANGE, value)
  #define SEQ_EXPRESSION(dev, voice, value) \
          SEQ_CONTROL(dev, voice, CTL_EXPRESSION, value*128)
  #define SEQ_MAIN_VOLUME(dev, voice, value) \
          SEQ_CONTROL(dev, voice, CTL_MAIN_VOLUME, (value*16383)/100)
  #define SEQ_PANNING(dev, voice, pos) \
          SEQ_CONTROL(dev, voice, CTL_PAN, (pos+128) / 2)
  
  /*
   * Timing and syncronization macros
   */
  
  #define _TIMER_EVENT(ev, parm)          { \
          _SEQ_NEEDBUF(8);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+0] = EV_TIMING; \
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+1] = (ev); \
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+2] = 0;\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+3] = 0;\
          *(u_int *)&_seqbuf[_seqbufptr+4] = (parm); \
          _SEQ_ADVBUF(8); \
          }
  
  #define SEQ_START_TIMER()               _TIMER_EVENT(TMR_START, 0)
  #define SEQ_STOP_TIMER()                _TIMER_EVENT(TMR_STOP, 0)
  #define SEQ_CONTINUE_TIMER()            _TIMER_EVENT(TMR_CONTINUE, 0)
  #define SEQ_WAIT_TIME(ticks)            _TIMER_EVENT(TMR_WAIT_ABS, ticks)
  #define SEQ_DELTA_TIME(ticks)           _TIMER_EVENT(TMR_WAIT_REL, ticks)
  #define SEQ_ECHO_BACK(key)              _TIMER_EVENT(TMR_ECHO, key)
  #define SEQ_SET_TEMPO(value)            _TIMER_EVENT(TMR_TEMPO, value)
  #define SEQ_SONGPOS(pos)                _TIMER_EVENT(TMR_SPP, pos)
  #define SEQ_TIME_SIGNATURE(sig)         _TIMER_EVENT(TMR_TIMESIG, sig)
  
  /*
   * Local control events
   */
  
  #define _LOCAL_EVENT(ev, parm)          { \
          _SEQ_NEEDBUF(8);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+0] = EV_SEQ_LOCAL; \
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+1] = (ev); \
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+2] = 0;\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+3] = 0;\
          *(u_int *)&_seqbuf[_seqbufptr+4] = (parm); \
          _SEQ_ADVBUF(8); \
          }
  
  #define SEQ_PLAYAUDIO(devmask)          _LOCAL_EVENT(LOCL_STARTAUDIO, devmask)
  /*
   * Events for the level 1 interface only 
   */
  
  #define SEQ_MIDIOUT(device, byte)       { \
          _SEQ_NEEDBUF(4);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr] = SEQ_MIDIPUTC;\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+1] = (byte);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+2] = (device);\
          _seqbuf[_seqbufptr+3] = 0;\
          _SEQ_ADVBUF(4);}
  
  /*
   * Patch loading.
   */
  #define SEQ_WRPATCH(patchx, len)        { \
          if (_seqbufptr) seqbuf_dump(); \
          if (write(seqfd, (char*)(patchx), len)==-1) \
             perror("Write patch: /dev/sequencer"); \
          }
  
  #define SEQ_WRPATCH2(patchx, len)       \
          ( seqbuf_dump(), write(seqfd, (char*)(patchx), len) )
  
  #endif
  
  /*
   * Here I have moved all the aliases for ioctl names.
   */
  
  #define SNDCTL_DSP_SAMPLESIZE   SNDCTL_DSP_SETFMT
  #define SOUND_PCM_WRITE_BITS    SNDCTL_DSP_SETFMT
  #define SOUND_PCM_SETFMT        SNDCTL_DSP_SETFMT
  
  #define SOUND_PCM_WRITE_RATE    SNDCTL_DSP_SPEED
  #define SOUND_PCM_POST          SNDCTL_DSP_POST
  #define SOUND_PCM_RESET         SNDCTL_DSP_RESET
  #define SOUND_PCM_SYNC          SNDCTL_DSP_SYNC
  #define SOUND_PCM_SUBDIVIDE     SNDCTL_DSP_SUBDIVIDE
  #define SOUND_PCM_SETFRAGMENT   SNDCTL_DSP_SETFRAGMENT
  #define SOUND_PCM_GETFMTS       SNDCTL_DSP_GETFMTS
  #define SOUND_PCM_GETOSPACE     SNDCTL_DSP_GETOSPACE
  #define SOUND_PCM_GETISPACE     SNDCTL_DSP_GETISPACE
  #define SOUND_PCM_NONBLOCK      SNDCTL_DSP_NONBLOCK
  #define SOUND_PCM_GETCAPS       SNDCTL_DSP_GETCAPS
  #define SOUND_PCM_GETTRIGGER    SNDCTL_DSP_GETTRIGGER
  #define SOUND_PCM_SETTRIGGER    SNDCTL_DSP_SETTRIGGER
  #define SOUND_PCM_SETSYNCRO     SNDCTL_DSP_SETSYNCRO
  #define SOUND_PCM_GETIPTR       SNDCTL_DSP_GETIPTR
  #define SOUND_PCM_GETOPTR       SNDCTL_DSP_GETOPTR
  #define SOUND_PCM_MAPINBUF      SNDCTL_DSP_MAPINBUF
  #define SOUND_PCM_MAPOUTBUF     SNDCTL_DSP_MAPOUTBUF
  
  #endif  /* !_SYS_SOUNDCARD_H_ */

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