FreeBSD/Linux Kernel Cross Reference
sys/ufs/ffs/fs.h

     /*      $NetBSD: fs.h,v 1.71 2023/01/07 19:41:30 chs Exp $      */
     
     /*
      * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1993
      *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
      *
      * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
      * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
      * are met:
     * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
     *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
     *    without specific prior written permission.
     *
     * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
     * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
     * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
     * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
     * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
     * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
     * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
     * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
     * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     * SUCH DAMAGE.
     *
     *      @(#)fs.h        8.13 (Berkeley) 3/21/95
     */
    
    /*
     * NOTE: COORDINATE ON-DISK FORMAT CHANGES WITH THE FREEBSD PROJECT.
     */
    
    #ifndef _UFS_FFS_FS_H_
    #define _UFS_FFS_FS_H_
    
    /*
     * Each disk drive contains some number of file systems.
     * A file system consists of a number of cylinder groups.
     * Each cylinder group has inodes and data.
     *
     * A file system is described by its super-block, which in turn
     * describes the cylinder groups.  The super-block is critical
     * data and is replicated in each cylinder group to protect against
     * catastrophic loss.  This is done at `newfs' time and the critical
     * super-block data does not change, so the copies need not be
     * referenced further unless disaster strikes.
     *
     * For file system fs, the offsets of the various blocks of interest
     * are given in the super block as:
     *      [fs->fs_sblkno]         Super-block
     *      [fs->fs_cblkno]         Cylinder group block
     *      [fs->fs_iblkno]         Inode blocks
     *      [fs->fs_dblkno]         Data blocks
     * The beginning of cylinder group cg in fs, is given by
     * the ``cgbase(fs, cg)'' macro.
     *
     * Depending on the architecture and the media, the superblock may
     * reside in any one of four places. For tiny media where every block
     * counts, it is placed at the very front of the partition. Historically,
     * UFS1 placed it 8K from the front to leave room for the disk label and
     * a small bootstrap. For UFS2 it got moved to 64K from the front to leave
     * room for the disk label and a bigger bootstrap, and for really piggy
     * systems we check at 256K from the front if the first three fail. In
     * all cases the size of the superblock will be SBLOCKSIZE. All values are
     * given in byte-offset form, so they do not imply a sector size. The
     * SBLOCKSEARCH specifies the order in which the locations should be searched.
     *
     * Unfortunately the UFS2/FFSv2 change was done without adequate consideration
     * of backward compatibility.  In particular 'newfs' for a FFSv2 partition
     * must overwrite any old FFSv1 superblock at 8k, and preferably as many
     * of the alternates as it can find - otherwise attempting to mount on a
     * system that only supports FFSv1 is likely to succeed!.
     * For a small FFSv1 filesystem, an old FFSv2 superblock can be left on
     * the disk, and a system that tries to find an FFSv2 filesystem in preference
     * to and FFSv1 one (as NetBSD does) can mount the old FFSv2 filesystem.
     * As a added bonus, the 'first alternate' superblock of a FFSv1 filesystem
     * with 64k blocks is at 64k - just where the code looks first when playing
     * 'hunt the superblock'.
     *
     * The ffsv2 superblock layout (which might contain an ffsv1 filesystem)
     * can be detected by checking for sb->fs_old_flags & FS_FLAGS_UPDATED.
     * This is the default superblock type for NetBSD since ffsv2 support was added.
     */
    #define BBSIZE          8192
    #define BBOFF           ((off_t)(0))
    #define BBLOCK          ((daddr_t)(0))
    
    #define SBLOCK_FLOPPY      0
    #define SBLOCK_UFS1     8192
    #define SBLOCK_UFS2    65536
    #define SBLOCK_PIGGY  262144
    #define SBLOCKSIZE      8192
    /*
     * NB: Do not, under any circumstances, look for an ffsv1 filesystem at
    * SBLOCK_UFS2.  Doing so will find the wrong superblock for filesystems
    * with a 64k block size.
    */
   #define SBLOCKSEARCH \
           { SBLOCK_UFS2, SBLOCK_UFS1, SBLOCK_FLOPPY, SBLOCK_PIGGY, -1 }
   
   /*
    * Max number of fragments per block. This value is NOT tweakable.
    */
   #define MAXFRAG         8
   
   
   
   /*
    * Addresses stored in inodes are capable of addressing fragments
    * of `blocks'. File system blocks of at most size MAXBSIZE can
    * be optionally broken into 2, 4, or 8 pieces, each of which is
    * addressable; these pieces may be DEV_BSIZE, or some multiple of
    * a DEV_BSIZE unit.
    *
    * Large files consist of exclusively large data blocks.  To avoid
    * undue wasted disk space, the last data block of a small file may be
    * allocated as only as many fragments of a large block as are
    * necessary.  The file system format retains only a single pointer
    * to such a fragment, which is a piece of a single large block that
    * has been divided.  The size of such a fragment is determinable from
    * information in the inode, using the ``ffs_blksize(fs, ip, lbn)'' macro.
    *
    * The file system records space availability at the fragment level;
    * to determine block availability, aligned fragments are examined.
    */
   
   /*
    * MINBSIZE is the smallest allowable block size.
    * In order to insure that it is possible to create files of size
    * 2^32 with only two levels of indirection, MINBSIZE is set to 4096.
    * MINBSIZE must be big enough to hold a cylinder group block,
    * thus changes to (struct cg) must keep its size within MINBSIZE.
    * Note that super blocks are always of size SBSIZE,
    * and that both SBSIZE and MAXBSIZE must be >= MINBSIZE.
    */
   #define MINBSIZE        4096
   
   /*
    * The path name on which the file system is mounted is maintained
    * in fs_fsmnt. MAXMNTLEN defines the amount of space allocated in
    * the super block for this name.
    */
   #define MAXMNTLEN       468
   
   /*
    * The volume name for this filesystem is maintained in fs_volname.
    * MAXVOLLEN defines the length of the buffer allocated.
    * This space used to be part of of fs_fsmnt.
    */
   #define MAXVOLLEN       32
   
   /*
    * There is a 128-byte region in the superblock reserved for in-core
    * pointers to summary information. Originally this included an array
    * of pointers to blocks of struct csum; now there are just four
    * pointers and the remaining space is padded with fs_ocsp[].
    * NOCSPTRS determines the size of this padding. One pointer (fs_csp)
    * is taken away to point to a contiguous array of struct csum for
    * all cylinder groups; a second (fs_maxcluster) points to an array
    * of cluster sizes that is computed as cylinder groups are inspected;
    * the third (fs_contigdirs) points to an array that tracks the
    * creation of new directories; and the fourth (fs_active) is used
    * by snapshots.
    */
   #define NOCSPTRS        ((128 / sizeof(void *)) - 4)
   
   /*
    * A summary of contiguous blocks of various sizes is maintained
    * in each cylinder group. Normally this is set by the initial
    * value of fs_maxcontig. To conserve space, a maximum summary size
    * is set by FS_MAXCONTIG.
    */
   #define FS_MAXCONTIG    16
   
   /*
    * The maximum number of snapshot nodes that can be associated
    * with each filesystem. This limit affects only the number of
    * snapshot files that can be recorded within the superblock so
    * that they can be found when the filesystem is mounted. However,
    * maintaining too many will slow the filesystem performance, so
    * having this limit is a good idea.
    */
   #define FSMAXSNAP 20
   
   /*
    * Used to identify special blocks in snapshots:
    *
    * BLK_NOCOPY - A block that was unallocated at the time the snapshot
    *      was taken, hence does not need to be copied when written.
    * BLK_SNAP - A block held by another snapshot that is not needed by this
    *      snapshot. When the other snapshot is freed, the BLK_SNAP entries
    *      are converted to BLK_NOCOPY. These are needed to allow fsck to
    *      identify blocks that are in use by other snapshots (which are
    *      expunged from this snapshot).
    */
   #define BLK_NOCOPY      ((daddr_t)(1))
   #define BLK_SNAP        ((daddr_t)(2))
   
   /*
    * MINFREE gives the minimum acceptable percentage of file system
    * blocks which may be free. If the freelist drops below this level
    * only the superuser may continue to allocate blocks. This may
    * be set to 0 if no reserve of free blocks is deemed necessary,
    * however throughput drops by fifty percent if the file system
    * is run at between 95% and 100% full; thus the minimum default
    * value of fs_minfree is 5%. However, to get good clustering
    * performance, 10% is a better choice. This value is used only
    * when creating a file system and can be overridden from the
    * command line. By default we choose to optimize for time.
    */
   #define MINFREE         5
   #define DEFAULTOPT      FS_OPTTIME
   
   /*
    * Grigoriy Orlov <gluk@ptci.ru> has done some extensive work to fine
    * tune the layout preferences for directories within a filesystem.
    * His algorithm can be tuned by adjusting the following parameters
    * which tell the system the average file size and the average number
    * of files per directory. These defaults are well selected for typical
    * filesystems, but may need to be tuned for odd cases like filesystems
    * being used for squid caches or news spools.
    */
   #define AVFILESIZ       16384   /* expected average file size */
   #define AFPDIR          64      /* expected number of files per directory */
   
   /*
    * Per cylinder group information; summarized in blocks allocated
    * from first cylinder group data blocks.  These blocks have to be
    * read in from fs_csaddr (size fs_cssize) in addition to the
    * super block.
    */
   struct csum {
           int32_t cs_ndir;                /* number of directories */
           int32_t cs_nbfree;              /* number of free blocks */
           int32_t cs_nifree;              /* number of free inodes */
           int32_t cs_nffree;              /* number of free frags */
   };
   
   struct csum_total {
           int64_t cs_ndir;                /* number of directories */
           int64_t cs_nbfree;              /* number of free blocks */
           int64_t cs_nifree;              /* number of free inodes */
           int64_t cs_nffree;              /* number of free frags */
           int64_t cs_spare[4];            /* future expansion */
   };
   
   
   /*
    * Super block for an FFS file system in memory.
    */
   struct fs {
           int32_t  fs_firstfield;         /* historic file system linked list, */
           int32_t  fs_unused_1;           /*     used for incore super blocks */
           int32_t  fs_sblkno;             /* addr of super-block in filesys */
           int32_t  fs_cblkno;             /* offset of cyl-block in filesys */
           int32_t  fs_iblkno;             /* offset of inode-blocks in filesys */
           int32_t  fs_dblkno;             /* offset of first data after cg */
           int32_t  fs_old_cgoffset;       /* cylinder group offset in cylinder */
           int32_t  fs_old_cgmask;         /* used to calc mod fs_ntrak */
           int32_t  fs_old_time;           /* last time written */
           int32_t  fs_old_size;           /* number of blocks in fs */
           int32_t  fs_old_dsize;          /* number of data blocks in fs */
           u_int32_t fs_ncg;               /* number of cylinder groups */
           int32_t  fs_bsize;              /* size of basic blocks in fs */
           int32_t  fs_fsize;              /* size of frag blocks in fs */
           int32_t  fs_frag;               /* number of frags in a block in fs */
   /* these are configuration parameters */
           int32_t  fs_minfree;            /* minimum percentage of free blocks */
           int32_t  fs_old_rotdelay;       /* num of ms for optimal next block */
           int32_t  fs_old_rps;            /* disk revolutions per second */
   /* these fields can be computed from the others */
           int32_t  fs_bmask;              /* ``blkoff'' calc of blk offsets */
           int32_t  fs_fmask;              /* ``fragoff'' calc of frag offsets */
           int32_t  fs_bshift;             /* ``lblkno'' calc of logical blkno */
           int32_t  fs_fshift;             /* ``numfrags'' calc number of frags */
   /* these are configuration parameters */
           int32_t  fs_maxcontig;          /* max number of contiguous blks */
           int32_t  fs_maxbpg;             /* max number of blks per cyl group */
   /* these fields can be computed from the others */
           int32_t  fs_fragshift;          /* block to frag shift */
           int32_t  fs_fsbtodb;            /* fsbtodb and dbtofsb shift constant */
           int32_t  fs_sbsize;             /* actual size of super block */
           int32_t  fs_spare1[2];          /* old fs_csmask */
                                           /* old fs_csshift */
           int32_t  fs_nindir;             /* value of FFS_NINDIR */
           u_int32_t fs_inopb;             /* value of FFS_INOPB */
           int32_t  fs_old_nspf;           /* value of NSPF */
   /* yet another configuration parameter */
           int32_t  fs_optim;              /* optimization preference, see below */
   /* these fields are derived from the hardware */
           int32_t  fs_old_npsect;         /* # sectors/track including spares */
           int32_t  fs_old_interleave;     /* hardware sector interleave */
           int32_t  fs_old_trackskew;      /* sector 0 skew, per track */
   /* fs_id takes the space of the unused fs_headswitch and fs_trkseek fields */
           int32_t  fs_id[2];              /* unique file system id */
   /* sizes determined by number of cylinder groups and their sizes */
           int32_t  fs_old_csaddr;         /* blk addr of cyl grp summary area */
           int32_t  fs_cssize;             /* size of cyl grp summary area */
           int32_t  fs_cgsize;             /* cylinder group size */
   /* these fields are derived from the hardware */
           int32_t  fs_spare2;             /* old fs_ntrak */
           int32_t  fs_old_nsect;          /* sectors per track */
           int32_t  fs_old_spc;            /* sectors per cylinder */
           int32_t  fs_old_ncyl;           /* cylinders in file system */
           int32_t  fs_old_cpg;            /* cylinders per group */
           u_int32_t fs_ipg;               /* inodes per group */
           int32_t  fs_fpg;                /* blocks per group * fs_frag */
   /* this data must be re-computed after crashes */
           struct  csum fs_old_cstotal;    /* cylinder summary information */
   /* these fields are cleared at mount time */
           int8_t   fs_fmod;               /* super block modified flag */
           uint8_t  fs_clean;              /* file system is clean flag */
           int8_t   fs_ronly;              /* mounted read-only flag */
           uint8_t  fs_old_flags;          /* see FS_ flags below */
           u_char   fs_fsmnt[MAXMNTLEN];   /* name mounted on */
           u_char   fs_volname[MAXVOLLEN]; /* volume name */
           uint64_t fs_swuid;              /* system-wide uid */
           int32_t  fs_pad;
   /* these fields retain the current block allocation info */
           int32_t  fs_cgrotor;            /* last cg searched (UNUSED) */
           void    *fs_ocsp[NOCSPTRS];     /* padding; was list of fs_cs buffers */
           u_int8_t *fs_contigdirs;        /* # of contiguously allocated dirs */
           struct csum *fs_csp;            /* cg summary info buffer for fs_cs */
           int32_t *fs_maxcluster;         /* max cluster in each cyl group */
           u_char  *fs_active;             /* used by snapshots to track fs */
           int32_t  fs_old_cpc;            /* cyl per cycle in postbl */
   /* this area is otherwise allocated unless fs_old_flags & FS_FLAGS_UPDATED */
           int32_t  fs_maxbsize;           /* maximum blocking factor permitted */
           uint8_t  fs_journal_version;    /* journal format version */
           uint8_t  fs_journal_location;   /* journal location type */
           uint8_t  fs_journal_reserved[2];/* reserved for future use */
           uint32_t fs_journal_flags;      /* journal flags */
           uint64_t fs_journallocs[4];     /* location info for journal */
           uint32_t fs_quota_magic;        /* see quota2.h */
           uint8_t  fs_quota_flags;        /* see quota2.h */
           uint8_t  fs_quota_reserved[3];  
           uint64_t fs_quotafile[2];       /* pointer to quota inodes */
           int64_t  fs_sparecon64[9];      /* reserved for future use */
           int64_t  fs_sblockloc;          /* byte offset of standard superblock */
           struct  csum_total fs_cstotal;  /* cylinder summary information */
           int64_t  fs_time;               /* last time written */
           int64_t  fs_size;               /* number of blocks in fs */
           int64_t  fs_dsize;              /* number of data blocks in fs */
           int64_t  fs_csaddr;             /* blk addr of cyl grp summary area */
           int64_t  fs_pendingblocks;      /* blocks in process of being freed */
           u_int32_t fs_pendinginodes;     /* inodes in process of being freed */
           uint32_t fs_snapinum[FSMAXSNAP];/* list of snapshot inode numbers */
   /* back to stuff that has been around a while */
           u_int32_t fs_avgfilesize;       /* expected average file size */
           u_int32_t fs_avgfpdir;          /* expected # of files per directory */
           int32_t  fs_save_cgsize;        /* save real cg size to use fs_bsize */
           int32_t  fs_sparecon32[26];     /* reserved for future constants */
           uint32_t fs_flags;              /* see FS_ flags below */
   /* back to stuff that has been around a while (again) */
           int32_t  fs_contigsumsize;      /* size of cluster summary array */
           int32_t  fs_maxsymlinklen;      /* max length of an internal symlink */
           int32_t  fs_old_inodefmt;       /* format of on-disk inodes */
           u_int64_t fs_maxfilesize;       /* maximum representable file size */
           int64_t  fs_qbmask;             /* ~fs_bmask for use with 64-bit size */
           int64_t  fs_qfmask;             /* ~fs_fmask for use with 64-bit size */
           int32_t  fs_state;              /* validate fs_clean field (UNUSED) */
           int32_t  fs_old_postblformat;   /* format of positional layout tables */
           int32_t  fs_old_nrpos;          /* number of rotational positions */
           int32_t  fs_spare5[2];          /* old fs_postbloff */
                                           /* old fs_rotbloff */
           int32_t  fs_magic;              /* magic number */
   };
   
   #define fs_old_postbloff        fs_spare5[0]
   #define fs_old_rotbloff         fs_spare5[1]
   #define fs_old_postbl_start     fs_maxbsize
   #define fs_old_headswitch       fs_id[0]
   #define fs_old_trkseek  fs_id[1]
   #define fs_old_csmask   fs_spare1[0]
   #define fs_old_csshift  fs_spare1[1]
   
   #define FS_42POSTBLFMT          -1      /* 4.2BSD rotational table format */
   #define FS_DYNAMICPOSTBLFMT     1       /* dynamic rotational table format */
   
   #define old_fs_postbl(fs_, cylno, opostblsave) \
       ((((fs_)->fs_old_postblformat == FS_42POSTBLFMT) || \
        ((fs_)->fs_old_postbloff == offsetof(struct fs, fs_old_postbl_start))) \
       ? ((int16_t *)(opostblsave) + (cylno) * (fs_)->fs_old_nrpos) \
       : ((int16_t *)((uint8_t *)(fs_) + \
           (fs_)->fs_old_postbloff) + (cylno) * (fs_)->fs_old_nrpos))
   #define old_fs_rotbl(fs) \
       (((fs)->fs_old_postblformat == FS_42POSTBLFMT) \
       ? ((uint8_t *)(&(fs)->fs_magic+1)) \
       : ((uint8_t *)((uint8_t *)(fs) + (fs)->fs_old_rotbloff)))
   
   /*
    * File system identification
    */
   #define FS_UFS1_MAGIC   0x011954        /* UFS1 fast file system magic number */
   #define FS_UFS2_MAGIC   0x19540119      /* UFS2 fast file system magic number */
   #define FS_UFS2EA_MAGIC 0x19012038      /* UFS2 with extattrs */
   #define FS_UFS1_MAGIC_SWAPPED   0x54190100
   #define FS_UFS2_MAGIC_SWAPPED   0x19015419
   #define FS_UFS2EA_MAGIC_SWAPPED 0x38200119
   #define FS_OKAY         0x7c269d38      /* superblock checksum */
   #define FS_42INODEFMT   -1              /* 4.2BSD inode format */
   #define FS_44INODEFMT   2               /* 4.4BSD inode format */
   
   /*
    * File system clean flags
    */
   #define FS_ISCLEAN      0x01
   #define FS_WASCLEAN     0x02
   
   /*
    * Preference for optimization.
    */
   #define FS_OPTTIME      0       /* minimize allocation time */
   #define FS_OPTSPACE     1       /* minimize disk fragmentation */
   
   /*
    * File system flags
    *
    * FS_POSIX1EACLS indicates that POSIX.1e ACLs are administratively enabled
    * for the file system, so they should be loaded from extended attributes,
    * observed for access control purposes, and be administered by object
    * owners.  FS_NFS4ACLS indicates that NFSv4 ACLs are administratively
    * enabled.  This flag is mutually exclusive with FS_POSIX1EACLS.
    */
   #define FS_UNCLEAN      0x001   /* file system not clean at mount (unused) */
   #define FS_DOSOFTDEP    0x002   /* file system using soft dependencies */
   #define FS_NEEDSFSCK    0x004   /* needs sync fsck (FreeBSD compat, unused) */
   #define FS_SUJ          0x008   /* file system using journaled softupdates */
   #define FS_POSIX1EACLS  0x010   /* file system has POSIX.1e ACLs enabled */
   #define FS_ACLS         FS_POSIX1EACLS  /* alias */
   #define FS_MULTILABEL   0x020   /* file system is MAC multi-label */
   #define FS_GJOURNAL     0x40    /* gjournaled file system */
   #define FS_FLAGS_UPDATED 0x80   /* flags have been moved to new location */
   #define FS_DOWAPBL      0x100   /* Write ahead physical block logging */
   /*      FS_NFS4ACLS     0x100      file system has NFSv4 ACLs enabled (FBSD) */
   #define FS_DOQUOTA2     0x200   /* in-filesystem quotas */
   /*      FS_INDEXDIRS    0x200      kernel supports indexed directories (FBSD)*/
   #define FS_TRIM         0x400   /* discard deleted blocks in storage layer */
   #define FS_NFS4ACLS     0x800   /* file system has NFSv4 ACLs enabled */
   
   /* File system flags that are ok for NetBSD if set in fs_flags */
   #define FS_KNOWN_FLAGS  (FS_DOSOFTDEP | FS_DOWAPBL | FS_DOQUOTA2 | \
           FS_POSIX1EACLS | FS_NFS4ACLS)
   
   /*
    * File system internal flags, also in fs_flags.
    * (Pick highest number to avoid conflicts with others)
    */
   #define FS_SWAPPED      0x80000000      /* file system is endian swapped */
   #define FS_INTERNAL     0x80000000      /* mask for internal flags */
   
   /*
    * Macros to access bits in the fs_active array.
    */
   #define ACTIVECG_SET(fs, cg)                            \
           do {                                            \
                   if ((fs)->fs_active != NULL)            \
                           setbit((fs)->fs_active, (cg));  \
           } while (/*CONSTCOND*/ 0)
   #define ACTIVECG_CLR(fs, cg)                            \
           do {                                            \
                   if ((fs)->fs_active != NULL)            \
                           clrbit((fs)->fs_active, (cg));  \
           } while (/*CONSTCOND*/ 0)
   #define ACTIVECG_ISSET(fs, cg)                          \
           ((fs)->fs_active != NULL && isset((fs)->fs_active, (cg)))
   
   /*
    * The size of a cylinder group is calculated by CGSIZE. The maximum size
    * is limited by the fact that cylinder groups are at most one block.
    * Its size is derived from the size of the maps maintained in the
    * cylinder group and the (struct cg) size.
    */
   #define CGSIZE_IF(fs, ipg, fpg) \
       /* base cg */       (sizeof(struct cg) + sizeof(int32_t) + \
       /* old btotoff */   (fs)->fs_old_cpg * sizeof(int32_t) + \
       /* old boff */      (fs)->fs_old_cpg * sizeof(u_int16_t) + \
       /* inode map */     howmany((ipg), NBBY) + \
       /* block map */     howmany((fpg), NBBY) +\
       /* if present */    ((fs)->fs_contigsumsize <= 0 ? 0 : \
       /* cluster sum */   (fs)->fs_contigsumsize * sizeof(int32_t) + \
       /* cluster map */   howmany(ffs_fragstoblks(fs, (fpg)), NBBY)))
   
   #define CGSIZE(fs) CGSIZE_IF((fs), (fs)->fs_ipg, (fs)->fs_fpg)
   
   /*
    * The minimal number of cylinder groups that should be created.
    */
   #define MINCYLGRPS      4
   
   
   /*
    * Convert cylinder group to base address of its global summary info.
    */
   #define fs_cs(fs, indx) fs_csp[indx]
   
   /*
    * Cylinder group block for a file system.
    */
   #define CG_MAGIC        0x090255
   struct cg {
           int32_t  cg_firstfield;         /* historic cyl groups linked list */
           int32_t  cg_magic;              /* magic number */
           int32_t  cg_old_time;           /* time last written */
           u_int32_t cg_cgx;               /* we are the cgx'th cylinder group */
           int16_t  cg_old_ncyl;           /* number of cyl's this cg */
           int16_t  cg_old_niblk;          /* number of inode blocks this cg */
           u_int32_t cg_ndblk;             /* number of data blocks this cg */
           struct   csum cg_cs;            /* cylinder summary information */
           u_int32_t cg_rotor;             /* position of last used block */
           u_int32_t cg_frotor;            /* position of last used frag */
           u_int32_t cg_irotor;            /* position of last used inode */
           u_int32_t cg_frsum[MAXFRAG];    /* counts of available frags */
           int32_t  cg_old_btotoff;        /* (int32) block totals per cylinder */
           int32_t  cg_old_boff;           /* (u_int16) free block positions */
           u_int32_t cg_iusedoff;          /* (u_int8) used inode map */
           u_int32_t cg_freeoff;           /* (u_int8) free block map */
           u_int32_t cg_nextfreeoff;       /* (u_int8) next available space */
           u_int32_t cg_clustersumoff;     /* (u_int32) counts of avail clusters */
           u_int32_t cg_clusteroff;                /* (u_int8) free cluster map */
           u_int32_t cg_nclusterblks;      /* number of clusters this cg */
           u_int32_t cg_niblk;             /* number of inode blocks this cg */
           u_int32_t cg_initediblk;                /* last initialized inode */
           int32_t  cg_sparecon32[3];      /* reserved for future use */
           int64_t  cg_time;               /* time last written */
           int64_t  cg_sparecon64[3];      /* reserved for future use */
           u_int8_t cg_space[1];           /* space for cylinder group maps */
   /* actually longer */
   };
   
   /*
    * The following structure is defined
    * for compatibility with old file systems.
    */
   struct ocg {
           int32_t  cg_firstfield;         /* historic linked list of cyl groups */
           int32_t  cg_unused_1;           /*     used for incore cyl groups */
           int32_t  cg_time;               /* time last written */
           int32_t  cg_cgx;                /* we are the cgx'th cylinder group */
           int16_t  cg_ncyl;               /* number of cyl's this cg */
           int16_t  cg_niblk;              /* number of inode blocks this cg */
           int32_t  cg_ndblk;              /* number of data blocks this cg */
           struct  csum cg_cs;             /* cylinder summary information */
           int32_t  cg_rotor;              /* position of last used block */
           int32_t  cg_frotor;             /* position of last used frag */
           int32_t  cg_irotor;             /* position of last used inode */
           int32_t  cg_frsum[8];           /* counts of available frags */
           int32_t  cg_btot[32];           /* block totals per cylinder */
           int16_t  cg_b[32][8];           /* positions of free blocks */
           u_int8_t cg_iused[256];         /* used inode map */
           int32_t  cg_magic;              /* magic number */
           u_int8_t cg_free[1];            /* free block map */
   /* actually longer */
   };
   
   
   /*
    * Macros for access to cylinder group array structures.
    */
   #define old_cg_blktot_old(cgp, ns) \
       (((struct ocg *)(cgp))->cg_btot)
   #define old_cg_blks_old(fs, cgp, cylno, ns) \
       (((struct ocg *)(cgp))->cg_b[cylno])
   
   #define old_cg_blktot_new(cgp, ns) \
       ((int32_t *)((u_int8_t *)(cgp) + \
           ufs_rw32((cgp)->cg_old_btotoff, (ns))))
   #define old_cg_blks_new(fs, cgp, cylno, ns) \
       ((int16_t *)((u_int8_t *)(cgp) + \
           ufs_rw32((cgp)->cg_old_boff, (ns))) + (cylno) * (fs)->fs_old_nrpos)
   
   #define old_cg_blktot(cgp, ns) \
       ((ufs_rw32((cgp)->cg_magic, (ns)) != CG_MAGIC) ? \
         old_cg_blktot_old(cgp, ns) : old_cg_blktot_new(cgp, ns))
   #define old_cg_blks(fs, cgp, cylno, ns) \
       ((ufs_rw32((cgp)->cg_magic, (ns)) != CG_MAGIC) ? \
         old_cg_blks_old(fs, cgp, cylno, ns) : old_cg_blks_new(fs, cgp, cylno, ns))
   
   #define cg_inosused_new(cgp, ns) \
       ((u_int8_t *)((u_int8_t *)(cgp) + \
           ufs_rw32((cgp)->cg_iusedoff, (ns))))
   #define cg_blksfree_new(cgp, ns) \
       ((u_int8_t *)((u_int8_t *)(cgp) + \
           ufs_rw32((cgp)->cg_freeoff, (ns))))
   #define cg_chkmagic_new(cgp, ns) \
       (ufs_rw32((cgp)->cg_magic, (ns)) == CG_MAGIC)
   
   #define cg_inosused_old(cgp, ns) \
       (((struct ocg *)(cgp))->cg_iused)
   #define cg_blksfree_old(cgp, ns) \
       (((struct ocg *)(cgp))->cg_free)
   #define cg_chkmagic_old(cgp, ns) \
       (ufs_rw32(((struct ocg *)(cgp))->cg_magic, (ns)) == CG_MAGIC)
   
   #define cg_inosused(cgp, ns) \
       ((ufs_rw32((cgp)->cg_magic, (ns)) != CG_MAGIC) ? \
         cg_inosused_old(cgp, ns) : cg_inosused_new(cgp, ns))
   #define cg_blksfree(cgp, ns) \
       ((ufs_rw32((cgp)->cg_magic, (ns)) != CG_MAGIC) ? \
         cg_blksfree_old(cgp, ns) : cg_blksfree_new(cgp, ns))
   #define cg_chkmagic(cgp, ns) \
       (cg_chkmagic_new(cgp, ns) || cg_chkmagic_old(cgp, ns))
   
   #define cg_clustersfree(cgp, ns) \
       ((u_int8_t *)((u_int8_t *)(cgp) + \
           ufs_rw32((cgp)->cg_clusteroff, (ns))))
   #define cg_clustersum(cgp, ns) \
       ((int32_t *)((u_int8_t *)(cgp) + \
           ufs_rw32((cgp)->cg_clustersumoff, (ns))))
   
   
   /*
    * Turn file system block numbers into disk block addresses.
    * This maps file system blocks to device size blocks.
    */
   #if defined (_KERNEL)
   #define FFS_FSBTODB(fs, b)      ((b) << ((fs)->fs_fshift - DEV_BSHIFT))
   #define FFS_DBTOFSB(fs, b)      ((b) >> ((fs)->fs_fshift - DEV_BSHIFT))
   #else
   #define FFS_FSBTODB(fs, b)      ((b) << (fs)->fs_fsbtodb)
   #define FFS_DBTOFSB(fs, b)      ((b) >> (fs)->fs_fsbtodb)
   #endif
   
   /*
    * Cylinder group macros to locate things in cylinder groups.
    * They calc file system addresses of cylinder group data structures.
    */
   #define cgbase(fs, c)   (((daddr_t)(fs)->fs_fpg) * (c))
   #define cgstart_ufs1(fs, c) \
       (cgbase(fs, c) + (fs)->fs_old_cgoffset * ((c) & ~((fs)->fs_old_cgmask)))
   #define cgstart_ufs2(fs, c) cgbase((fs), (c))
   #define cgstart(fs, c) ((fs)->fs_magic == FS_UFS2_MAGIC \
                               ? cgstart_ufs2((fs), (c)) : cgstart_ufs1((fs), (c)))
   #define cgdmin(fs, c)   (cgstart(fs, c) + (fs)->fs_dblkno)      /* 1st data */
   #define cgimin(fs, c)   (cgstart(fs, c) + (fs)->fs_iblkno)      /* inode blk */
   #define cgsblock(fs, c) (cgstart(fs, c) + (fs)->fs_sblkno)      /* super blk */
   #define cgtod(fs, c)    (cgstart(fs, c) + (fs)->fs_cblkno)      /* cg block */
   
   /*
    * Macros for handling inode numbers:
    *     inode number to file system block offset.
    *     inode number to cylinder group number.
    *     inode number to file system block address.
    */
   #define ino_to_cg(fs, x)        (((ino_t)(x)) / (fs)->fs_ipg)
   #define ino_to_fsba(fs, x)                                              \
           ((daddr_t)(cgimin(fs, ino_to_cg(fs, (ino_t)(x))) +              \
               (ffs_blkstofrags((fs), ((((ino_t)(x)) % (fs)->fs_ipg) / FFS_INOPB(fs))))))
   #define ino_to_fsbo(fs, x)      (((ino_t)(x)) % FFS_INOPB(fs))
   
   /*
    * Give cylinder group number for a file system block.
    * Give cylinder group block number for a file system block.
    */
   #define dtog(fs, d)     ((d) / (fs)->fs_fpg)
   #define dtogd(fs, d)    ((d) % (fs)->fs_fpg)
   
   /*
    * Extract the bits for a block from a map.
    * Compute the cylinder and rotational position of a cyl block addr.
    */
   #define blkmap(fs, map, loc) \
       (((map)[(loc) / NBBY] >> ((loc) % NBBY)) & (0xff >> (NBBY - (fs)->fs_frag)))
   #define old_cbtocylno(fs, bno) \
       (FFS_FSBTODB(fs, bno) / (fs)->fs_old_spc)
   #define old_cbtorpos(fs, bno) \
       ((fs)->fs_old_nrpos <= 1 ? 0 : \
        (FFS_FSBTODB(fs, bno) % (fs)->fs_old_spc / (fs)->fs_old_nsect * (fs)->fs_old_trackskew + \
         FFS_FSBTODB(fs, bno) % (fs)->fs_old_spc % (fs)->fs_old_nsect * (fs)->fs_old_interleave) % \
        (fs)->fs_old_nsect * (fs)->fs_old_nrpos / (fs)->fs_old_npsect)
   
   /*
    * The following macros optimize certain frequently calculated
    * quantities by using shifts and masks in place of divisions
    * modulos and multiplications.
    */
   #define ffs_blkoff(fs, loc)     /* calculates (loc % fs->fs_bsize) */ \
           ((loc) & (fs)->fs_qbmask)
   #define ffs_fragoff(fs, loc)    /* calculates (loc % fs->fs_fsize) */ \
           ((loc) & (fs)->fs_qfmask)
   #define ffs_lfragtosize(fs, frag) /* calculates ((off_t)frag * fs->fs_fsize) */ \
           (((off_t)(frag)) << (fs)->fs_fshift)
   #define ffs_lblktosize(fs, blk) /* calculates ((off_t)blk * fs->fs_bsize) */ \
           ((uint64_t)(((off_t)(blk)) << (fs)->fs_bshift))
   #define ffs_lblkno(fs, loc)     /* calculates (loc / fs->fs_bsize) */ \
           ((loc) >> (fs)->fs_bshift)
   #define ffs_numfrags(fs, loc)   /* calculates (loc / fs->fs_fsize) */ \
           ((loc) >> (fs)->fs_fshift)
   #define ffs_blkroundup(fs, size) /* calculates roundup(size, fs->fs_bsize) */ \
           (((size) + (fs)->fs_qbmask) & (fs)->fs_bmask)
   #define ffs_fragroundup(fs, size) /* calculates roundup(size, fs->fs_fsize) */ \
           (((size) + (fs)->fs_qfmask) & (fs)->fs_fmask)
   #define ffs_fragstoblks(fs, frags) /* calculates (frags / fs->fs_frag) */ \
           ((frags) >> (fs)->fs_fragshift)
   #define ffs_blkstofrags(fs, blks) /* calculates (blks * fs->fs_frag) */ \
           ((blks) << (fs)->fs_fragshift)
   #define ffs_fragnum(fs, fsb)    /* calculates (fsb % fs->fs_frag) */ \
           ((fsb) & ((fs)->fs_frag - 1))
   #define ffs_blknum(fs, fsb)     /* calculates rounddown(fsb, fs->fs_frag) */ \
           ((fsb) &~ ((fs)->fs_frag - 1))
   #define ffs_getdb(fs, ip, lb) \
       ((fs)->fs_magic == FS_UFS2_MAGIC ? \
           (daddr_t)ufs_rw64((ip)->i_ffs2_db[lb], UFS_FSNEEDSWAP(fs)) : \
           (daddr_t)ufs_rw32((ip)->i_ffs1_db[lb], UFS_FSNEEDSWAP(fs)))
   #define ffs_getib(fs, ip, lb) \
       ((fs)->fs_magic == FS_UFS2_MAGIC ? \
           (daddr_t)ufs_rw64((ip)->i_ffs2_ib[lb], UFS_FSNEEDSWAP(fs)) : \
           (daddr_t)ufs_rw32((ip)->i_ffs1_ib[lb], UFS_FSNEEDSWAP(fs)))
   
   /*
    * Determine the number of available frags given a
    * percentage to hold in reserve.
    */
   #define freespace(fs, percentreserved) \
           (ffs_blkstofrags((fs), (fs)->fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree) + \
           (fs)->fs_cstotal.cs_nffree - \
           (((off_t)((fs)->fs_dsize)) * (percentreserved) / 100))
   
   /*
    * Determining the size of a file block in the file system.
    */
   #define ffs_blksize(fs, ip, lbn) \
           (((lbn) >= UFS_NDADDR || (ip)->i_size >= ffs_lblktosize(fs, (lbn) + 1)) \
               ? (fs)->fs_bsize \
               : ((int32_t)ffs_fragroundup(fs, ffs_blkoff(fs, (ip)->i_size))))
   
   #define ffs_sblksize(fs, size, lbn) \
           (((lbn) >= UFS_NDADDR || (size) >= ((lbn) + 1) << (fs)->fs_bshift) \
             ? (fs)->fs_bsize \
             : ((int32_t)ffs_fragroundup(fs, ffs_blkoff(fs, (uint64_t)(size)))))
   
   
   /*
    * Number of inodes in a secondary storage block/fragment.
    */
   #define FFS_INOPB(fs)   ((fs)->fs_inopb)
   #define FFS_INOPF(fs)   ((fs)->fs_inopb >> (fs)->fs_fragshift)
   
   /*
    * Number of indirects in a file system block.
    */
   #define FFS_NINDIR(fs)  ((fs)->fs_nindir)
   
   /*
    * Apple UFS Label:
    *  We check for this to decide to use APPLEUFS_DIRBLKSIZ
    */
   #define APPLEUFS_LABEL_MAGIC            0x4c41424c /* LABL */
   #define APPLEUFS_LABEL_SIZE             1024
   #define APPLEUFS_LABEL_OFFSET   (BBSIZE - APPLEUFS_LABEL_SIZE) /* located at 7k */
   #define APPLEUFS_LABEL_VERSION  1
   #define APPLEUFS_MAX_LABEL_NAME 512
   
   struct appleufslabel {
           u_int32_t       ul_magic;
           u_int16_t       ul_checksum;
           u_int16_t       ul_unused0;
           u_int32_t       ul_version;
           u_int32_t       ul_time;
           u_int16_t       ul_namelen;
           u_char  ul_name[APPLEUFS_MAX_LABEL_NAME]; /* Warning: may not be null terminated */
           u_int16_t       ul_unused1;
           u_int64_t       ul_uuid;        /* Note this is only 4 byte aligned */
           u_char  ul_reserved[24];
           u_char  ul_unused[460];
   } __packed;
   
   
   #endif /* !_UFS_FFS_FS_H_ */

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